Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur because DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the first option.
What did Hershey and Chase conclude about the genetic material?
Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material. They determined that a protective protein coat was formed around the bacteriophage, but that the internal DNA is what conferred its ability to produce progeny inside a bacterium.
How did chase and Hershey label the bacteriophage?
Hershey and Chase used radioactive isotopes to label a bacteriophage. After allowing the bacteriophage to infect the bacteria, the presence of radioactive phosphorus in the bacteria confirmed that DNA was the genetic material found in genes.
Why did scientists accept the results of the Hershey-Chase experiments?
Science historian Frederic Lawrence Holmes writes that scientists more readily accepted the results of the Hershey-Chase experiments because Hershey communicated directly with skeptical scientists. Hershey sent letters to his colleagues in which he detailed the experimental findings of the Hershey-Chase experiments.
Why did Hershey and Chase label the virus DNA with radioactive phosphorus?
Hershey and Chase experimented with radioactively labeled phosphorus and sulphur to determine that DNA and not protein is the genetic material.
Why did Hershey and Chase use radioactive phosphorus and radioactive sulfur?
They knew that bacteriophage T4 was made of protein and DNA. They also knew that proteins contain sulfur atoms but no phosphorus, while DNA contains a great deal of phosphorus and no sulfur. They used radioactive sulfur and phosphorus to label and, so, distinguish viral proteins from viral DNA.
Why did Hershey and Chase label protein with radioactive sulphur in their experiment?
Explanation. The radioactive substances serve as markers to label the DNA and proteins of the bacteriophage during the experiment. If sulfur appeared in the bacteria, that means the virus injected protein to the bacteria, since DNA does not contain sulfur.
Why did Hershey and Chase use radioactive sulphur and radioactive phosphorus in their experiment write the conclusion they arrived at and how?
a)Hershey and Chase grew some viruses on a medium that contained radioactive phosphorus and some others on a medium that contained radioactive sulfur. Viruses grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorus contained radioactive DNA but not radioactive protein because DNA contains phosphorus but protein does not.
Why did Hershey and Chase not choose to use radioactive carbon or nitrogen instead?
Why? No they couldn't have used carbon or oxygen because the radioactivity would be everywhere. There is canon and oxygen in both DNA and protein.
Why did Hershey and Chase not use radioactive carbon?
Answer and Explanation: Hershey and Chase would not have been able to determine that DNA contains the genetic material and not proteins if they used radioactive carbon... See full answer below.
What did Hershey and Chase discover using radioactive labeling?
Hershey and Chase were able to separate the phages into radioactive sulfur-containing protein ghosts and radioactive phosphorus-containing DNA. They found that the radioactive sulfur protein ghosts could attach to bacterial membranes while the radioactive phosphorus DNA could not.
How did Hershey and Chase label viral DNA?
How did Hershey and Chase label viral DNA and viral protein so that they could be distinguished? DNA was labeled with radioactive phosphorus. Proteins were labeled with radioactive sulfer. DNA did not have sulfer, and the majority of the phosphorus in the phage was in the DNA.
What do radioactive sulfur and phosphate specifically label?
In these experiments, they used radioactivity to label nucleic acids (in this case DNA) proteins. What do radioactive sulfur and phosphate specifically label? Sulfur labels DNA, and phosphate labels protein.
How did Hershey and Chase differentiate between DNA and protein in their experiment while proving that DNA is the genetic material?
They used different radioactive isotopes to label DNA and protein coat of the bacteriophage. They grew some bacteriophages on a medium containing radioactive phosphorus (32P) to identify DNA and some on a medium containing radioactive sulphur (35S) to identify protein.
What would Hershey and Chase have concluded if they had found radioactive sulfur instead of phosphorus in infected bacteria cells?
If Hershey and Chase had found radioactive sulfur instead of phosphorus in infected bacteria cells they would have concluded that the protein coat of the bacteriophage was involved in the transformation of the E. coli.
How did Hershey and Chase discriminate between DNA and protein in their experiments to show that DNA was the genetic material of bacteriophage T2?
C. How did Hershey and Chase discriminate between DNA and protein in their experiments to show that DNA was genetic material of bacteriophage T2? They labeled the DNA with radioactive phosphorous and the protein with radioactive sulfur.
What is the radioactive material used in Hershey and Chase?
Hershey and Chase used radioactive isotopes to label a bacteriophage. After allowing the bacteriophage to infect the bacteria, the presence of radioactive phosphorus in the bacteria confirmed that DNA was the genetic material found in genes.
Why did they use radioactive isotopes of phosphorus and sulfur as markers?
They used radioactive isotopes of phosphorus -32 and sulfur -35 as markers so they could trace the proteins and DNA to see what they were doing to the cell.
Why did Hershey and Chase use 32P and 35S?
Explain why Hershey and Chase choose to use 32P and 35S in their experiments. Because phosphorus is only in DNA, and Sulfur is only in proteins. This allowed them to tell whether the DNA or protein coat of a bacteriophage entered the bacterial cells.
How many molecules does DNA replication produce?
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules...
Which bond holds together the two DNA strands?
covalent bonds hold together every atom of a nucleotide and connect nucleotides to other nucleotides. Hydrogen bonds hold together the 2 DNA strands.
Which genetic material is passed from virus to bacteria and not protein?
iii. This proves that DNA is the genetic material which is passed from virus to bacteria and not protein.
What medium was used to grow bacteriophage virus?
i. Some bacteriophage virus were grown on a medium that contained radioactive phosphorus (32P) and some in another medium with radioactive sulphur (35S).
Is 32P radioactive or non-radioactive?
i. Only radioactive 32P was found to be associated with the bacterial cell, whereas radioactive 35S was only found in surrounding medium and not in the bacterial cell.
Why did scientists accept the Hershey Chase experiments?
Science historian Frederic Lawrence Holmes writes that scientists more readily accepted the results of the Hershey-Chase experiments because Hershey communicated directly with skeptical scientists. Hershey sent letters to his colleagues in which he detailed the experimental findings of the Hershey-Chase experiments. Another historian of science, Michel Morange, writes that the Hershey-Chase experiments were performed at a time when scientists were ready to accept that genetic material could be DNA. Avery’s group conducted their experiments when the tetranucleotide hypothesis was popular and few scientists held that genes contained DNA. According to Morange, because Hershey and Chase conducted their experiments years later, scientists had gathered more experimental evidence and were willing to seriously consider that genes contained DNA.
How did Hershey and Chase mark phages?
Hershey and Chase marked phages by incorporating radioactive isotopes of phosphorus and sulfur in those phages. They allowed some phages to replicate by infecting bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli, or E. Coli, that scientists had grown in radioactive sulfur.
How did Hershey Chase and Hershey Chase work?
In 1951, Roger Herriot at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, demonstrated that after phages infected bacteria, their protein ghosts remained attached to the outside of the bacterial cells while their DNA was released elsewhere. Hershey and Chase aimed to show where the phage DNA went when it exited the protein coat and entered the bacteria. The researchers allowed radioactive phosphorus-labeled phages to attach to bacterial cell membranes in a liquid solution and infect the bacteria. Using a centrifuge, Hershey and Chase rapidly spun the samples to separate the bacterial cells from the surrounding solution. After centrifugation, they found that most of the radioactive phosphorus was detected in the cells rather than in the surrounding solution, meaning that the phage DNA must have entered the cells when the phages infected the bacteria.
What happens when phages infect bacteria?
They found that when phages infect a host bacterium, the phages first attach themselves to the outside of the bacterium. Then, a piece of the pha ge enters the bacterium and subsequently replicates itself inside the cell. After many replications, the phage causes the bacterium to lyse, or burst, thereby killing the host bacteria. Scientists classified the replicating piece as genetic material. Scientists also found that phages contained two classes of biological molecules: DNA and protein. Hershey and Chase sought to determine if the replicating piece of phages that entered bacteria during infection, the genetic parts, were solely DNA.
How to distinguish between isotopes?
Isotopes of the same element are nearly identical, but scientists can distinguish between them by experimental means. One way to differentiate between chemical elements with different isotopes is by analyzing their radiation. Some isotopes are less stable than others and give off radioactive signals that scientists can detect. Hershey and Chase marked phages by incorporating radioactive isotopes of phosphorus and sulfur in those phages. They allowed some phages to replicate by infecting bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli, or E. Coli, that scientists had grown in radioactive sulfur. The researchers let other phages infect and replicate in E. Coli that scientists had grown in radioactive phosphorus. DNA contains phosphorus, but not sulfur, whereas protein contains sulfur, but not phosphorus. Therefore, when Hershey and Chase marked phages with radioactive isotopes of those elements, they placed separate, distinguishable tags on the protein and DNA parts of the phages.
What are replicating pieces of phages?
Scientists classified the replicating piece as genetic material. Scientists also found that phages contained two classes of biological molecules: DNA and protein . Hershey and Chase sought to determine if the replicating piece of phages that entered bacteria during infection, the genetic parts, were solely DNA.
What did Hershey and Chase discover?
In 1951 and 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted a series of experiments at the Carnegie Institute of Washington in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, that verified genes were made of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Hershey and Chase performed their experiments, later named the Hershey-Chase experiments, on viruses that infect bacteria, also called bacteriophages. The experiments followed decades of scientists’ skepticism about whether genetic material was composed of protein or DNA. The most well-known Hershey-Chase experiment, called the Waring Blender experiment, provided concrete evidence that genes were made of DNA. The Hershey-Chase experiments settled the long-standing debate about the composition of genes, thereby allowing scientists to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which genes function in organisms.