what were the accomplishments of the ottoman empire

The Ottomans

were known for their achievements in art, science and medicine. Istanbul and other major cities throughout the empire were recognized as artistic hubs, especially during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. Some of the most popular forms of art included calligraphy, painting, poetry, textiles and carpet weaving, ceramics and music.

Full Answer

What were the achievements of the Ottoman Empire?

Here is what we’ve read so far:

• The Ottomans invented several devices that impacted various aspects of life
• Some of the inventions include surgery instruments such as pincers, lancets, and catheters
• The Ottomans also invented the mechanical astronomical clock, which had accurate calculations

More items...

What was the Ottoman Empire and why was it important?

Up until around 1700 Wallachia was not important to the Ottomans for 3 reasons:

• It was rebellious and difficult to govern, even by the local rulers.
• It was relatively poor.
• The Ottoman advance in Europe was towards Central Europe, specifically Vienna. Wallachia was peripheral in the grand scheme of things.

How did the Ottoman Empire became so powerful?

The key to the empire’s expansion was the Ottoman army. The Ottomans trained Christian boys from conquered towns to be soldiers. These slave soldiers, called, converted to Islam and became fierce fighters. Besides these slave troops, the Ottomans were aided by new gunpowder weapons—especially cannons.

What are some lesser known facts about the Ottoman Empire?

What are some lesser known facts about the Ottoman Empire? - One of the Gunpowder empires. - The government structure was absolute monarchy. - Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Lahore and Shahjahanabad were the capitals of the empire. ... Persian was the official language of the Mughals. What are some lesser known facts about the Ottoman Empire ...

Who were the Ottomans and what were their early accomplishments?

Ottomans were one of the first empires to use gunpowder which helped them gain vast acres of land from Asia, Africa and Europe. Some cultural accomplishments were when Suleyman reformed the tax laws and helped get rid of corruption by reducing taxes.

What are the achievements and contribution of the Ottoman Empire?

Ottomans had contributed to the development of hospitals and healthcare, and witnessed advances in medicine, mining and military technology. They also set up a leading observatory in Istanbul and had established more than 300 centres of learning known as medreses.

Why was the Ottoman Empire so successful?

The empire's success lay in its centralized structure as much as its territory: Control of some of the world's most lucrative trade routes led to vast wealth, while its impeccably organized military system led to military might.

What are 3 important facts about the Ottoman Empire?

Interesting Facts about the Ottoman EmpireThe Sultan and his many wives lived in the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. ... Suleiman the Magnificent was considered the earthly leader of all Muslims. ... The Republic of Turkey was founded by revolutionary Kemal Ataturk.The elite battle troops of the Sultan were called Janissaries.More items...

What inventions did the Ottoman Empire have?

The Ottoman engineer Taqi al-Din invented a mechanical astronomical clock, capable of striking an alarm at any time specified by the user. He described the clock in his book, The Brightest Stars for the Construction of Mechanical Clocks (Al-Kawākib al-durriyya fī wadh' al-bankāmat al-dawriyya), published in 1559.

What did the Ottomans do?

The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well as the highest development of its governmental, social, and economic systems.

What were the strengths of the Ottoman Empire?

There are many reasons as to why the empire was as successful as it was, but some of them include its very strong and organized military and its centralized political structure. These early, successful governments make the Ottoman Empire one of the most important in history.

Was the Ottoman Empire a great power?

The Ottoman Empire during the 19th century was still a considerable power, with a great extension of territories over Europe, Asia and Africa; but the empire was in a condition of decline and during this period lost progressively its influence, and the majority of his territories were conquered by other powers.

Was the Ottoman Empire the strongest?

century, Great Ottoman Empire was strongest and biggest state on the world. Afterthe death of Emperor Selim II, Murad III became Sultan of Ottomans.

What did the Ottomans contribute to world art?

Turkish carpets, decorative calligraphy, painted ceramics and elaborate mosque architecture are some of the art that came from the Ottoman Empire, an empire once located in the Middle East and centered in present-day Turkey. The capital city was Istanbul, also known as Constantinople.

Did you know facts Ottoman Empire?

The Ottoman Empire is one of the largest empires in history. In existence for 600 years, at its peak it included what is now Bulgaria, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel and the Palestinian territories, Macedonia, Romania, Syria, parts of Arabia and the north coast of Africa.

What did Turkey invent?

The history of inventions in Turkey goes from Turkish coffee, Turkish baths, military marching bands, vaccinations to the world's first Christian church and the famous Lion's milk: rakı.

What were the achievements of the Ottoman Empire?

Major Achievements. This part of the Ottoman Empire refers to military and governmental achievements . achievements. As one of the first empires to implement gunpowder based artillery, they also implemented the use of muskets which allowed them to greatly overpower their foes and rivals.

What were the Ottomans' greatest achievements?

One of Ottoman's great achievements is how powerful and expansive they had become. Depending upon their technology, their achievements are intertwined. These achievements go to show how the human mind evolves small ideas by adding onto them.#N#The Ottoman's military superiority came mostly from their artillery advancements. Although they Ottomans held up very well with their military strength, there was much more they put in the equation.#N#They took Christian slaves during their youth and trained them in military combat, converting them to Islam at the same time.#N#Not only were they able to conquer more and more land, and expand their empire vastly, but a leader named Sulyeman had an excellent ability to maintain the land that was captured.#N#He used both civil and governmental methods to make the populous feel equal and not controlled or oppressed. Freedom of religion was granted, due to his belief in the inability to morally and religiously force conversion.#N#The fall of the Ottoman Empire can be contributed to the lack of ability, and the illiteracy of multiple rulers. Sulyeman killed his most able son and left the least capable one in a place of immense power. This was the catalyst in the total collapse, and dismantling of what once was a great achievement.#N#After Suleyman’s death there was a progressive decline in the Ottoman Empire. The Empire did expand, but many defeats began to make the Ottoman military a defensive force rather than an offensive one. At the battle of Lepanto in 1571, Turkey suffered a naval defeat against the Spanish and the Venetians. Selim II was known for drinking frequently, causing his death when he fell while drunk. Many successors entered alliances with foes, rather than conquering. Murad III allied himself with England against Spain. The military troops replaced Sultan Mustafa I with Osman II in 1622. The original Osman I line continued after his reign, but not without the problems of military loss, mental problems, and drinking problems. By the reign of Mehmed IV, the Sultan position gave up a lot of power to the grand vizers.

What happened after Suleyman's death?

After Suleyman’s death there was a progressive decline in the Ottoman Empire. The Empire did expand, but many defeats began to make the Ottoman military a defensive force rather than an offensive one. At the battle of Lepanto in 1571, Turkey suffered a naval defeat against the Spanish and the Venetians.

Why did Sulyeman give freedom of religion?

Freedom of religion was granted, due to his belief in the inability to morally and religiously force conversion. The fall of the Ottoman Empire can be contributed to the lack of ability, and the illiteracy of multiple rulers. Sulyeman killed his most able son and left the least capable one in a place of immense power.

Who replaced Sultan Mustafa I?

The military troops replaced Sultan Mustafa I with Osman II in 1622. The original Osman I line continued after his reign, but not without the problems of military loss, mental problems, and drinking problems. By the reign of Mehmed IV, the Sultan position gave up a lot of power to the grand vizers.

What was the Ottoman Empire like in the 16th century?

Within a century the Ottomans had changed from a nomadic horde to the heirs of the most ancient surviving empire of Europe. [17] Throughout this same period, however, the structure of the Ottoman legal establishment remained essentially the same as it had been in the sixteenth century, with the mufti of Istanbul and the two military judges at its head, and a network of Islamic courts throughout the empire. [17] Although geography and luck played roles, the success of the empire mainly derived from pragmatic and flexible Ottoman policy-making and considerable openness to innovation, including military technology. [17] Taking advantage of Safavid dynastic problems, the Ottomans, in a war between 1578 and 1590, captured Safavid territory in the Caucasus and western Iran, bringing the empire to its maximum size. [17] This pattern of indebtedness makes clear the ongoing subordination of the late Ottoman economy to the European until the demise of the empire after World War I. [17] This fact often has been forgotten in the confusion surrounding the end of the empire and the emergence of the Ottoman successor states, but it remains true nonetheless. [17] The official language of the empire was Ottoman Turkish, an administrative language consisting largely of Turkish grammar, with Turkish, Arabic, and some Persian vocabulary. [17] The elite classes spoke and wrote in Ottoman Turkish, exchanging official correspondence and sharing a high culture, which gave the empire a unity that was superimposed over its diversity. [17] In July 1839, the Ottoman grand admiral, Ahmet Fevzi Pasha, suddenly sailed the entire fleet to Alexandria and surrendered it to Egypt's ruler, Muhammad Ali, who was trying to become independent from the empire. [17] From the beginning of the empire, Ottoman territory was indivisible. [17] Modern Turkey formed only part of the empire, but the terms "Turkey" and "Ottoman Empire" were often used interchangeably. [17]

What is Ottoman history based on?

Much of Ottoman history has been based on European archives that did not document the empire's internal trade resulting in it being underestimated. [11]

What was the goal of the Balkan Wars?

Though actually two different battles, the goal of the Balkan Wars is to take over the European lands that belong to the Ottoman Empire. [12] He conquered Constantinople and a host of other territory which shaped the form of the Ottoman Empire and led to its dominance over Anatolia and the Balkans. [10] The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I, a leader of the Turkish tribes in Anatolia in 1299. [13] Mehmed VI took power at a critical time, as the victorious allies of World War One were dealing with a defeated Ottoman Empire and their nationalist movement. [10] Although in power for over 600 years, the Ottoman Empire will best be remembered for its glory years of strong leadership and cultural influences that affected the lands they conquered. [12] Newspaper illustration of Abdülhamit (Abdul Hamid) II, sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from a 1907 article entitled "The Sour Sick Sultan as He Is". [10] In 1453, Mehmet II the Conqueror led the Ottoman Empire in capturing Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantium Empire. [13] With Bayezid’s loss, the Ottoman empire was saved from total destruction by weakness in Europe and Tamerlane’s return east. [10] Two hundred years ago, the rulers of the Ottoman empire looked to acquire technology, education and management systems from the countries of Europe. [14] The Ottoman Empire ruled a large portion of the Middle East and Eastern Europe for over 600 years. [13] Ottoman Empire Timeline Timeline Description: The Ottoman Empire started in what is now Turkey and reached out to parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. [12] The resulting Ottoman Empire, which ruled large tracts of Eastern Europe, the 'Middle East' and Mediterranean, survived until 1924, when the remaining regions transformed into Turkey. [10] Up until the seventeenth century, the dominant model of learning found throughout the Ottoman empire was based on the master-apprentice relationship. [14] That dynasty didn’t quite make it to the end of the war, whereas the Ottoman Empire survived for a few years after it. [15] During the last war the Ottoman Empire was involved in (the First World War) the Ottomans were on the same side as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, led by a Habsburg. [15] Another insight comes from the establishment of the Imperial Naval Engineering College in 1773, perhaps the first modern technical institution in the Ottoman empire. [14] "Book review: Social Disintegration and Popular Resistance in the Ottoman Empire, 1881-1908: Reactions to European Economic Penetration. [11] Perhaps the most surprising fact about the Ottoman Empire is that many of the "Turks’ mentioned in the European chronicles were no such thing. [15] In the Ottoman Empire, there were two types of laws: Shari'a, which was religious law, and Kanun, which were laws subject to Suleiman's decisions. [16] Turkish chieftain Osman (1258-1324), who is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Empire. [15] It was from this that Osman fought to broaden his realm against the Byzantines, taking important defenses, conquering Bursa and becoming regarded as founder of the Ottoman empire. [10] The Tulip period was a time of peace when the arts flourished in the Ottoman Empire. [13] The Ottoman Empire is one of the largest empires in history. [15] Economic history of the Ottoman Empire covers the period 1299-1923. [11] The Ottoman Empire was an agrarian economy, labour scarce, land rich and capital poor. [11] He turned Constantinople into the capital of the Ottoman Empire and renamed it Istanbul. [13] When Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire, a large number of scholars and artists fled to Italy. [13]

Why did the Ottomans become hegemons?

The Turks, or the future Ottomans, had become hegemons in the Middle East and South Eastern Europe not only because of their extraordinary political and military organization, but also because of the exhaustion of the older empires Byzantium and the Abbasids. [27] European empires were in a race of colonial expantion in Africa, the Americas and the Far East while the Ottomans, Safavids and Mamluks fought military campaigns against each other for dominance in the Middle East, North Africa and the Caucasus. [29] That was a brief overview of the timeline of the Ottoman or the Great Turkish Empire, delineating some of the most significant events of Turkish and European history. [31] As it was said earlier, the real Ottoman expansion started from Anatolia, when the Turkish warlike communities in the region became more and more hostile to Byzantium -- their successful raids against the old Christian empire were inspired by religious zeal and passion for enrichment. [27] The Empire also extended its authority over many distant states and kingdoms via media declaring allegiance to the Ottoman head of the state - the Sultan and the Caliph. [31] This highly original look at the rise of the Ottoman empire--the longest-lived political entity in human history--shows the transformation of a tiny frontier enterprise into a centralized imperial state that saw itself as both leader of the world's Muslims and heir to the Eastern Roman Empire. [27] The most powerful kingdoms among them were the empire of Ottoman Turks, who became Sunni Muslims and the empire of Safavi Turks, who became Shia Muslims. [26] The millet system, the autonomy of the communities in the frames of the empire, the inability to integrate conquered people into one Ottoman nation with Ottoman self-consciousness, was something that also played a critical role in disintegration of the empire and in formation of national feelings among the peoples in Ottoman provinces in 19th century. [27]

What was the Ottoman form of fief?

It was that type of muk ṭaʿa that developed into the Ottoman form of fief, the timar , which was the basis of Ottoman military and administrative organization as the European portions of the empire were conquered from the vassals in the 15th century and placed under direct Ottoman administration. [2] The Ottoman State originated as a Beylik within the Seljuk Empire in the thirteenth century. [5] Throughout the 14th and 15th centuries, therefore, the Ottoman state gradually reshaped its government and military institutions to meet the needs of administering and defending an expanding empire. [2] It was that the developing Ottoman state was influenced by the traditions of the nomadic Turkic empires of Central Asia, particularly in military organization and tactics. [2]

What was the cause of the fall of the Ottoman Empire?

The fall of the Ottoman Empire can be contributed to the lack of ability, and the illiteracy of multiple rulers. [9] This began to increase the authority of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans. [4] They were rewarded for their loyalty with grants of newly acquired land and janissaries quickly rose to fill the most important administrative offices of the Ottoman Empire. [3]

When did the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire rule?

6. (33) The Sultans of the Ottoman Empire: c.1300 to 1924

What were the literary achievements of the Ottoman Empire?

It was an exceedingly ritualized and divine art form and followed Islamic forms and rules, although it was written by Turkish intellectuals. The vast majority of Diwan poetry was lyric in nature: either gazels which deals with love, specifically a forbidden and unattainable love, or kasîdes which have a single presiding subject, rationally developed and concluded often used in theological and moral purposes.

What was the Ottoman Empire?

The Ottoman Empire was a time of true innovative thinking and culture flourished marvelously under this period in time. Some even mean that this particular time rival the artistic and literary achievements of the European renaissance. It was under the prosperous rein of Suleiman the magnificent that encouraged the development of architecture, carpet weaving, poetry, ceramics among other things.

What are some examples of Ottoman architecture?

An example of one of these buildings is the Selim Mosque built by the greatest architect under this period of time called Sinan. Today some of his works are considered masterpieces because of the simplicity of design and clarity that they emit. A characteristic element of Ottoman architecture is that it not only drew from Islamic artist traditions, but also European, merging them into something spectacular. Although mosques and mausoleums are the most distinctive monuments of Ottoman architecture other important buildings were built. For example Sinan designed 312 public buildings including schools, palaces, hospitals and public baths.

How has the Ottoman Empire influenced modern society?

The scientific and cultural achievements of the Ottoman Empire have truly influenced our society today in a great many ways, although we may not be as aware of it as you may think. Some of the greatest minds of this time are forgotten or barely mentioned in our modern western civilization. Trying to link the past with the present in this manner could lead to better understanding of our common heritage and respect for different cultures in the present day.

How long did the Ottoman Empire last?

The Ottoman Empire was extensive and lasted nearly 700 years (from 27 July 1299 to 29 October 1923). There were understandably many important cultural and scientific breakthroughs during that time. However, throughout history, there have been only a few truly ingenious individuals who could universally be described as polymaths, ...

What were the inventions of the early steam turbines?

Another great invention was the mechanical alarm clock and the spring-driven astronomical clock which were more precise than those that were previously used in that particular time period.

Who was the most influential polymath in the Ottoman Empire?

One influential polymath of the Ottoman Empire was Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma’ruf (Takyuiddin) (1526-1585), whose extensive scientific achievements have shaped our society. But curiously today remains relatively unknown to the general public of the western civilization.

What was the most interesting aspect of the Ottoman Empire?

Continue Reading. Without dwelling too much into the scientific analysis, rather than talking about achievements, the most interesting aspect of the Ottoman Empire was the social structure.

Which empire did the Ottomans conquer?

The Ottomans managed to field massive armies and conquer the most fortified areas in Europe. They conquered Adrianople in the 1360s, Belgrade in 1521 and Rhodes in 1522. They defeated the Mameluke Sultanate and the Safavid Empire, two of the greatest powers in the Islamic World, during the reign of one Sultan.

Why did the siege of Bursa take so long?

The siege took so long because the Ottomans were inexperienced in such a attack and because they Ottomans wanted to starve the city to submission - which is exactly what happened. So Bursa became the first capital of the empire.

How many Jews did the Ottoman Empire save?

Aside from Azerbaijan and Turkey saving many Jews during World War II, the Ottoman Empire saved 150,000 Jews from the Inquisition. Why did the Turks always treat Jews well, even if Europe did not?

Why did Bosnians migrate to Turkey?

There are millions of Circassian-rooted people in Turkey. Many Albanians and Bosnians migrated to Anatolia to escape from ethnic cleansing of muslims in Balkans. There are more than millions of Albanians and Bosnians in Turkey now. For Islam world, Ottoman Empire protected Mekke and Medine for sure.

How long did the Ottoman Empire last?

Throughout the Ottoman Empire’s existence (1299–1922), it was ruled by one dynasty. While 623 years isn’t the longest a dynasty has lasted, I’d say it’s still impressive. So, how did they accomplish this?

What was the role of peasants in the Ottoman Empire?

Unlike in the west where people were divided into clases, and, for example, peasants were doomed to live their entire life as peasants, in the Ottoman Empire anyone had the potential to advance economically and improve their wealth and social status . There were no social clasess amd in the eyes of the system everyone was equal.

What was the Ottoman Empire?

The Ottoman Empire was one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa for more than 600 years. The chief leader, known as the Sultan, was given absolute religious and political authority over his people.

What were the most popular forms of art in the Ottoman Empire?

Some of the most popular forms of art included calligraphy, painting, poetry, textiles and carpet weaving, ceramics and music. Ottoman architecture also helped define the culture of the time. Elaborate mosques and public buildings were constructed during this period. Science was regarded as an important field of study.

How many Sultans were there in the Ottoman Empire?

A total of 36 Sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire between 1299 and 1922. For many of these years, the Ottoman Sultan would live in the elaborate Topkapi palace complex in Istanbul. It contained dozens of gardens, courtyards and residential and administrative buildings.

What did Sultan Suleiman do?

Suleiman created a uniform system of law and welcomed different forms of arts and literature. Many Muslims considered Suleiman a religious leader as well as a political ruler. Throughout Sultan Suleiman’s rule, the empire expanded and included areas of Eastern Europe.

How many Armenians were killed in the Ottoman Empire?

In 1915, Turkish leaders made a plan to massacre Armenians living the Ottoman Empire. Most scholars believe that about 1.5 million Armenians were killed.

Where did the Ottoman Sultan live?

For many of these years, the Ottoman Sultan would live in the elaborate Topkapi palace complex in Istanbul. It contained dozens of gardens, courtyards and residential and administrative buildings. Part of the Topkapi palace included the harem, a separate quarters reserved for wives, concubines and female slaves.

Where did the Ottoman Empire originate?

Origins of the Ottoman Empire. Osman I, a leader of the Turkish tribes in Anatolia, founded the Ottoman Empire around 1299. The term “Ottoman” is derived from Osman’s name, which was “Uthman” in Arabic. The Ottoman Turks set up a formal government and expanded their territory under the leadership of Osman I, Orhan, Murad I and Bayezid I.

What was the Ottoman Empire's struggle?

After the peak of Ottoman rule under Süleyman the Magnificent in the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire struggled to maintain its bloated bureaucracy and decentralized political structure. Several attempts at reform kept the empire afloat but mostly addressed immediate issues, and any success was short-lived.

Why did the Ottoman Empire disintegrate?

The Ottoman Empire disintegrated and was partitioned after its defeat in World War I. The empire had already been in decline for centuries, struggling to maintain a bloated bureaucracy or a centralized administrative structure after various attempts at reform. The problem was exacerbated further by the rise of more localized interests across the empire, such as the rise of nationalist movements. Upon the Ottomans’ defeat in World War I, a combination of nationalist movements and partition agreements among the Allied powers forced its disintegration into numerous territories, with Turkey as the empire’s immediate successor.

What was the first Turkic dynasty in Anatolia?

Anatolia: The Seljuqs of Anatolia. Read more about the rise and fall of the Seljuq dynasty, the first Turkic dynasty in the region, which laid the foundation for the rise and expansion of the Turkic Ottoman dynasty.

What was the first period of Ottoman rule?

The first period of Ottoman history was characterized by almost continuous territorial expansion, during which Ottoman dominion spread out from a small northwestern Anatolian principality to cover most of southeastern Europe and Anatolia. The political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area into modern times.

Where was the Ottoman Empire located?

The Ottoman Empire was founded in Anatolia, the location of modern-day Turkey. Originating in Söğüt (near Bursa, Turkey), the Ottoman dynasty expanded its reign early on through extensive raiding. This was enabled by the decline of the Seljuq dynasty, the previous rulers of Anatolia, who were suffering defeat from Mongol invasion.

What were the political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires?

The political, economic, and social institutions of the classical Islamic empires were amalgamated with those inherited from Byzantium and the great Turkish empires of Central Asia and were reestablished in new forms that were to characterize the area into modern times.

Who was the Ottoman ruler?

The Ottoman Empire began at the very end of the 13th century with a series of raids from Turkic warriors (known as ghazis) led by Osman I , a prince ( bey) whose father, Ertugrul, had established a power base in Söğüt (near Bursa, Turkey). Osman and his warriors took advantage of a declining Seljuq dynasty, which had been severely weakened by the Mongol invasions. The Ottoman dynasty continued to expand for several generations, controlling much of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa at its peak. Osman’s grandson Murad I laid the foundation for an institutionalized Ottoman state, continued by Murad’s son Bayezid I.

Mehmed II (also known as Mehmet the Conqueror)

Mehmed II, the seventh sultan of the Ottoman Empire, is popularly known as Mehmed the Conqueror or Fatih Sultan Mehmet. He is known by those epithets mostly due to his military achievements and his strong patronage of the arts and poetry.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Suleiman I was known for his patronage of the arts and education and of building projects as well as collecting, codifying and unifying the laws of his kingdom. The laws that he unified remained in place for more than three centuries.

Murad II

Murad II was the sixth Ottoman Sultan. He was also the father of Mehmed the Conqueror

Murad IV

In spite of the turbulent environment that Sultan Murad IV inherited upon becoming Ottoman sultan in 1623, lthe young sultan was able to restore Constantinople’s authority throughout the kingdom. To attain those goals, Murad IV, a son of Sultan Ahmed I, had to deploy some very ruthless techniques.

Selim I

Selim I, who went by epithets such as Selim the Resolute and Selim the Grim, was military genius who took the empire to new heights.

Bayezid II

Before rising to the throne on May 22, 1481, Sultan Bayezid II, the eldest son of deceased Ottoman sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, had to fend fierce resistance from his younger half-brother Cem Sultan (1459-1495), whose claim to the Ottoman throne was supported first by Grand Vizier Karamanli and later the Mamluks in Egypt.

Selim III

Selim III succeeded his uncle Abdul Hamid I to become the 28th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Who ruled the Ottoman Empire?

At its apogee, Suleiman the Magnificent (c. 1495-1566) ruled the Empire and oversaw important achievements of Ottoman culture. In 1683 the Turks attempted to continue their European expansion by attacking Vienna in July. The assault failed; the slow decline of the Empire had begun.

How long did the Ottoman Empire last?

Over a time span of six hundred years, from about 1300 to 1923, the Ottoman Empire expanded into the largest political entity in Europe and western Asia and then imploded and disappeared into the back pages of history.

What was the territory of the Ottoman Empire?

By 1481 the Ottoman Empire territory included most of the Balkan Peninsula and all of Anatolia. During the second great expansion period from 1481 to 1683, the Ottoman Turks conquered territory in Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), and Hungary.

What happened after the Turkish war?

After the war, from the years 1919 and 1923, Mustafa Kemal led a national uprising (the Turkish War of Independence) against the last Ottoman sultan which laid the foundation of the new Turkish State ...

Where did the Ottoman Empire originate?

The Ottoman Empire was founded. (Ottoman is derived from Uthman, the Arabic form of Osman.) From its small bridgehead in Anatolia, Osman and his son Orhan (1288-1362) began expanding their lands northwest into Byzantine Empire territory and east into the rest of Anatolia.

Which empire controlled the region of Anatolia?

In the 13th century, the region of Anatolia (most of the Asian part of present day Turkey) was controlled by the Byzantine Empire in the northwest and the Seljuk Turks in the southwest.

Which empire was created by a contributor to eHistory prior to its affiliation with The Ohio State University?

Byzantine Empire. Ottoman Empire. This item was created by a contributor to eHistory prior to its affiliation with The Ohio State University. As such, it has not been reviewed for accuracy by the University and does not necessarily adhere to the University's scholarly standards.

What was the Ottoman Empire's military system?

The empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military throughout the 17th and for much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind that of their European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires.

What was the Ottoman miniature about?

Ottoman miniature about the Szigetvár campaign showing Ottoman troops and Tatars as avant-garde. In the second half of the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empire came under increasing strain from inflation and the rapidly rising costs of warfare that were impacting both Europe and the Middle East.

What is the name of the Ottoman Empire?

In Modern Turkish, it is known as Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ("The Ottoman Empire") or Osmanlı Devleti ("The Ottoman State"). The Turkish word for "Ottoman" ( Turkish: Osmanlı) originally referred to the tribal followers of Osman in the fourteenth century.

What were the parties of the Young Turks?

Among them " Committee of Union and Progress ", and " Freedom and Accord Party " were major parties. On the other end of the spectrum were ethnic parties, which included Poale Zion, Al-Fatat, and Armenian national movement organised under Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Profiting from the civil strife, Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908. The last of the Ottoman censuses was performed in 1914. Despite military reforms which reconstituted the Ottoman Modern Army, the Empire lost its North African territories and the Dodecanese in the Italo-Turkish War (1911) and almost all of its European territories in the Balkan Wars (1912–1913). The Empire faced continuous unrest in the years leading up to World War I, including the 31 March Incident and two further coups in 1912 and 1913 .

How did the discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states help them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopol?

The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. Despite the growing European presence in the Indian Ocean, Ottoman trade with the east continued to flourish. Cairo, in particular, benefitted from the rise of Yemeni coffee as a popular consumer commodity. As coffeehouses appeared in cities and towns across the empire, Cairo developed into a major center for its trade, contributing to its continued prosperity throughout the seventeenth and much of the eighteenth century.

How many provinces did the Ottoman Empire have?

At the beginning of the 17th century, the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states.

Where was the Ottoman Empire founded?

It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire.