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| Mary Whiton Calkins | |
|---|---|
| Occupation | Professor of psychology and philosophy |
Who was the first woman to get a PhD in psychology?
Calkins was the first female to complete all the coursework, examinations and research for a doctoral degree and, although it was never officially conferred, she is regarded as the first woman to get her doctoral degree in the field of psychology.
Who was the first woman president of the APA?
^ a b c d e Christopher Green (Producer). (n.d.). Katharine Milar on the first woman president of the APA, Mary Whiton Calkins. [Audio podcast].
What is the history of Women Psychologists?
Calkins is a key figure in the history of women psychologists. At Wellesley College, Calkins established the first psychological laboratory for women.
What did Harriet Calkins study in the lab?
Calkins also worked in Hugo Münsterberg's lab from 1892-1895. Of her studies with James, Calkins wrote in her autobiography: “The Principles of Psychology was warm from the press; and my absorbed study of those brilliant, erudite, and provocative volumes, as interpreted by their writer, was my introduction to psychology.
Which woman psychologist was the first to officially earn a doctorate degree?
Margaret Floy WashburnMargaret Floy Washburn, PhD Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman to earn a doctoral degree in American psychology (1894) and the second woman, after Mary Whiton Calkins, to serve as APA President.
Why does Harvard still refuse to award Calkins her PhD?
She was the first female president of both the American Psychological Association and the American Philosophical Association. However, Harvard refused to officially recognize her as a student and grant her degree because she was a woman.
Was Harvard denied her doctorate in psychology?
In 1896 Münsterberg wrote to the president of Harvard that Calkins was, "one of the strongest professors of psychology in this country." A committee of six professors, including James, unanimously voted that Calkins had satisfied all the requirements, but she was refused a Harvard doctoral degree because she was a ...
What happened to Mary Whiton Calkins at Harvard University?
Although she earned her PhD at Harvard under William James, Calkins was refused the degree by the Harvard Corporation (who continues to refuse to grant the degree posthumously) on the grounds that Harvard did not accept women.
What is Mary Calkins best known for?
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) Mary Whiton Calkins was a late 19th and early 20th century psychologist and philosopher who introduced the field of self psychology. She was the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association.
Who did Margaret Washburn work with?
Through persistence, Washburn convinced Columbia University to allow her to audit classes taught by noted psychologist, James McKeen Cattell. About a year later Cattell recommended that Washburn apply to Cornell University, one of very few institutions that would accept females as graduate students.
How many years of women were at Harvard?
Additional information can be found on the Radcliffe Institute’s web pages It's Complicated: 375 Years of Women at Harvardand Our History.
When was the Harvard Graduate School of Education founded?
Established in 1920 , the Harvard Graduate School of Education was the first Harvard graduate school to enroll women in a degree-granting program at Harvard University. In 1922, Lorna M. Hodgkinsonbecame the first woman to earn HGSE’s Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) degree. Her dissertation was entitled A State Program for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Atypical children in Public School Systemsand was the first earned doctorate by a female student.
Why was Calkins refused a doctorate at Harvard?
A committee of six professors, including James, unanimously voted that Calkins had satisfied all the requirements, but she was refused a Harvard doctoral degree because she was a woman.
Who was the sole student in James' graduate seminar in 1890?
In fact, Calkins was the sole student in James' graduate seminar in 1890, the year he published his famous Principles of Psychology. Calkins also worked in Hugo Münsterberg's lab from 1892-1895. Of her studies with James, Calkins wrote in her autobiography:
What did Mary Whiton Calkins do?
After earning an undergraduate degree in 1882 from Smith College in classics and philosophy, Calkins began to teach Greek at Wellesley College . She found herself drawn to the nascent field of psychology, and in the late 1880’s Calkins was granted special permission to attend seminars at Harvard (then an all-male institution), including those offered by William James and Josiah Royce. In fact, Calkins was the sole student in James' graduate seminar in 1890, the year he published his famous Principles of Psychology. Calkins also worked in Hugo Münsterberg's lab from 1892-1895. Of her studies with James, Calkins wrote in her autobiography:
Where did Mary Calkins teach psychology?
She began to teach psychology at Wellesley, and established the first psychology laboratory at an American women’s college. In 1898 Calkins was elected as the American Psychological Association’s first female president. She authored several books and lectured widely during her distinguished, decades-long career in psychology.
What did Mary Calkins do in 1880?
She found herself drawn to the nascent field of psychology, and in the late 1880’s Calkins was granted special permission to attend seminars at Harvard (then an all-male institution), including those offered by William James and Josiah Royce.
Who was the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association?
As a psychologist, she taught at Wellesley College for many years and conducted research on dreams and memory. Calkins was the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association and the American Philosophical Association .
Who was opposed to the idea of a woman learning in the same room as a man?
Harvard president Charles William Eliot was opposed to this idea of a woman learning in the same room as a man. With pressure from James and Royce, along with a petition from Mary's father, Eliot allowed Calkins to study in the regular classes, with the stipulation that she was not to be a registered student.
What did Calkins do after graduating?
Upon graduation, Calkins and her family took an eighteen-month trip to Europe, and she was able to explore Leipzig, Italy, and Greece. As she was majoring in Classics, Calkins took advantage of the opportunities and spent several months travelling and studying modern Greek and classics. When she returned to Massachusetts, her father set up an interview with the President of Wellesley College, an all women's college, for a tutoring job in the Greek department. She worked as a tutor and eventually as a teacher in the Greek department for three years. A professor in the philosophy department noticed Calkins' excellent teaching and offered her a position to teach psychology, which was new to the philosophy department's curriculum. Calkins accepted the offer on the contingency that she would be able to study psychology for one year.
What universities did Calkins go to?
Calkins contemplated psychology programs at the University of Michigan (with John Dewey ), Yale (with George Trumbull Ladd ), Clark (with Granville Stanley Hall ), and Harvard (with William James ). Calkins expressed interest in studying in a laboratory setting, and the only schools with that specification at the time were Clark and Harvard.
Where did Mary Whiton Calkins live?
Her parents were Wolcott and Charlotte Whiton Calkins; Mary was known to be close with her family. She moved to Newton, Massachusetts in 1880 with her family to live for the rest of her life; this is also where she began her education. Her family moved from New York to Massachusetts because her father, who was a Presbyterian minister, got a new job there. Mary's father took an active role in overseeing his children's education, and when she graduated high school, he had planned her studies so that she was able to enroll in college. In 1882, Calkins entered into Smith College as a sophomore. She studied for the year, but in 1883 with the death of her sister she took a year off from college and studied on her own. While taking time off from school, Calkins received private tutoring lessons in Greek. During this year, she also tutored two of her brothers and studied Greek. She returned to Smith College in 1884 to graduate with a concentration in classics and philosophy.
When did Calkins go to Smith College?
In 1882, Calkins entered into Smith College as a sophomore. She studied for the year, but in 1883 with the death of her sister she took a year off from college and studied on her own. While taking time off from school, Calkins received private tutoring lessons in Greek.
Who published the paired-associates technique?
The paired-associates technique was also included in psychology textbooks published by Herrnstein and Boring. Although the paired-associates technique is highly recognized as one of Calkins' biggest contributions to psychology, this is not the work that Calkins herself attached very much importance to.