How long does it take to grow sugar cane?
With adequate rain and sunshine a sugar cane crop typically takes between 16-24 months to mature. New cane is grown from stalks (setts), which are planted in the ground and sprout after two to four weeks. Once mature, crops are harvested between June to December.
When to plant sugar cane?
Cane Sugar is a disaccharide, a molecule composed of two monosaccharides: glucose and fructose. Sucrose is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is refined. It has the formula C12H22O11. Market Analysis and Insights: Global Cane Sugar Market ...
Are there health benefits to eating sugarcane?
Sugar cane is in the grass family and loaded with health benefits.Studies have shown it to be high in polyphenols, which are powerful phytonutrients with the qualities of antioxidants. It is also loaded with vitamins and minerals such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and iron; along with a complete profile of essential amino-acids that help burn fat and build muscle.
Where is sugarcane produced most?
- Raw sugarcane: chewed to extract the juice
- Sayur nganten: an Indonesian soup made with the stem of trubuk ( Saccharum edule ), a type of sugarcane
- Sugarcane juice: a combination of fresh juice, extracted by hand or small mills, with a touch of lemon and ice to make a popular drink, known variously as air tebu, ...
Is sugarcane a kharif crop?
Sugarcane is a kharif crop. Was this answer helpful?
What kind of crops sugar is?
Sugar crops are those crops cultivated primarily for the manufacture of sugar and secondarily for the production of alcohol (food and nonfood) and ethanol. There are two main sugar crops: sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinale L.).
Which type of crop is sugarcane in India?
Kharif CropIn India, Sugarcane is grown as a Kharif Crop.Sep 18, 2015
Is sugarcane a sugar crop?
Sugarcane accounts for 79% of sugar produced globally (most of the rest is made from sugar beets). About 70% of the sugar produced comes from Saccharum officinarum and its hybrids. All sugarcane species can interbreed, and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.
Is sugarcane a plantation crop?
Sugarcane, a tall, robust, tropical C4 grass, has been a prized plantation crop for many centuries. Crop heights of between 2-4 metres generally leads to tonnages of 60-160 tonnes harvestable stalk material from each cropped hectare, depending on climate, soil health, fertility and farming system.
Which products are made from sugarcane?
Sugarcane is a rich source of food (sucrose, jaggery and syrups), fiber (cellulose), fodder (green top, bagasse, molasses) fuel and chemicals (bagasse molasses and alcohol). During the process of sugar production, the main by-products of cane sugar industry are bagasse, molasses and pressmud.
Is sugarcane a Zaid crop?
Some of the crops produced during zaid season are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops. Sugarcane takes almost a year to grow.
What class of food is sugar cane?
It's Carbohydrates. Sugarcane, which is a kind of grass, has several of these, but it primarily falls within the food class of carbohydrates. Certainly, it does once it is processed into sugar and molasses.
Where is sugarcane grown in India?
Uttar Pradesh has the largest area almost 50 per cent of the cane area in the country, followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab. These nine are most important sugarcane producing states. Sugarcane production is also highest in U.P. followed by Maharashtra.
What is scientific name of sugarcane?
Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarum / Scientific nameIntroduction. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a member of the Andropogoneae tribe of the Poaceae (grass) family.
Where is sugarcane grown?
Sugar cane is a grass native to Asia and grows mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. In terms of the U.S. sugar cane production by state, it is mainly concentrated in the federal states of Florida, Louisiana, Texas and Hawaii.
Is sugar cane a fruit?
The sweet, juicy cone-like structure is technically a multiple fruit composed of many individual fruits (berries) embedded in a fleshy, edible stem. In fact, it was originally named for its superficial resemblance to a pine cone.
How is sugarcane grown?
Sugarcane is grown by replanting part of a mature cane stalk. Farmers cut some of the fully grown cane stalks into 40 cm lengths called 'setts'. These setts are planted by special machines, which drop them into furrows, add fertiliser and cover them with soil. When ripe, the cane is usually about 2 to 4 metres tall.
When is sugarcane a kharif crop?
Sugarcane is sown around the months of June and July and the harvest of this crop takes place in the months of September and October.
Is sugarcane a plantation crop?
Sugarcane is not a plantation crop. A plantation is a large farm or estate, usually in a tropical or subtropical country, where crops that are not consumed for food are grown for sale in distant markets, rather than for local consumption. Is Sugarcane a kharif or rabi crop?
Where is sugarcane grown?
Grown in tropical and subtropical regions, sugarcane is the world's largest crop by production quantity, with 1.8 billion tonnes produced in 2017, with Brazil accounting for 40% of the world total. In 2012, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimated it was cultivated on about 26 × 10. ^. 6 ha (64 × 10. ^.
How big is a sugarcane plant?
Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial grass that forms lateral shoots at the base to produce multiple stems, typically 3 to 4 m (10 to 13 ft) high and about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The stems grow into cane stalk, which when mature, constitutes around 75% of the entire plant. A mature stalk is typically composed of 11–16% fiber, 12–16% soluble sugars, 2–3% nonsugar carbohydrates, and 63–73% water. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to climate, soil type, irrigation, fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. The average yield of cane stalk is 60–70 tonnes per hectare (24–28 long ton/acre; 27–31 short ton/acre) per year, but this figure can vary between 30 and 180 tonnes per hectare depending on knowledge and crop management approach used in sugarcane cultivation. Sugarcane is a cash crop, but it is also used as livestock fodder.
What was the food that the Papuans and Austronesian peoples used?
Papuans and Austronesians originally primarily used sugarcane as food for domesticated pigs. The spread of both S. officinarum and S. sinense is closely linked to the migrations of the Austronesian peoples. Saccharum barberi was only cultivated in India after the introduction of S. officinarum.
What is dried filtercake?
Dried filtercake is used as an animal feed supplement, fertilizer, and source of sugarcane wax . Molasses is produced in two forms: blackstrap, which has a characteristic strong flavor, and a purer molasses syrup. Blackstrap molasses is sold as a food and dietary supplement.
How much sugar is produced from sugar beets?
Sugarcane accounts for 79% of sugar produced globally (most of the rest is made from sugar beets ). About 70% of the sugar produced comes from Saccharum officinarum and its hybrids. All sugarcane species can interbreed, and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.
What are the pests that can be found in the cane?
Other important pests are the larvae of some butterfly/moth species, including the turnip moth, the sugarcane borer ( Diatraea saccharalis ), the African sugarcane borer ( Eldana saccharina ), the Mexican rice borer ( Eoreuma loftini ), the African armyworm ( Spodoptera exempta ), leaf-cutting ants, termites, spittlebugs (especially Mahanarva fimbriolata and Deois flavopicta ), and the beetle Migdolus fryanus. The planthopper insect Eumetopina flavipes acts as a virus vector, which causes the sugarcane disease ramu stunt.
Where does sucrose come from?
Sucrose (table sugar) is extracted from sugarcane in specialized mill factories. It is consumed directly in confectionery, used to sweeten beverages, as a preservative in jams and conserves, as a decorative finish for cakes and pâtisserie, as a raw material in the food industry, or fermented to produce ethanol.
Where was the first certified sugarcane produced?
These efforts are beginning to pay off, with the first certified sugarcane offered from a Raízen mill in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and purchased by The Coca-Cola Company. WWF remains committed to transforming the sugar industry by calling on buyers of sugar to commit to Bonsucro-certified sugar as soon as possible.
How does sugarcane affect biodiversity?
Historic planting of sugarcane around the world has led to significant impacts on biodiversity. A vast global market for sugarcane derivatives keeps the industry booming. Sugar is prevalent in the modern diet and increasingly a source of biofuels and bioplastics. As prices of petroleum rise, there is a growing market for ethanol from sugarcane.
Why is sugarcane bad for the environment?
Sugarcane processing also creates effluents that flow into water and damage important ecological areas. Water quality concerns have prompted a reduction in production in certain areas , with production consequently intensified and expanded onto sandy soils. Because such soils are easily leached, production can only be maintained over time with increasing applications of fertilizer.
Why is cane planted bare?
Land laid bare in preparation for cane planting is stripped of any protective cover, allowing the soils to dry out. This impacts overall microorganism diversity and mass, both of which are essential to fertility. Additionally, exposed topsoil is easily washed off of sloping land, with nutrients leached from the topsoil. Further, the continual removal of cane from the fields gradually reduces fertility and forces growers to rely increasingly on fertilizers.
How does sugar affect the environment?
Sugar has arguably had as great an impact on the environment as any other agricultural commodity. Wholesale conversion of habitat on tropical islands and in coastal areas led to significant environmental damage—particularly a loss of biodiversity.
Is sugarcane a water intensive crop?
As prices of petroleum rise, there is a growing market for ethanol from sugarcane. Sugarcane is a water-intensive crop that remains in the soil all year long. As one of the world’s thirstiest crops, sugarcane has a significant impact on many environmentally sensitive regions, like the Mekong Delta and the Atlantic Forest.
Which countries grow sugarcane?
Brazil and India are the largest producers of sugarcane in the world. Learn all about how to grow it in Plantix! Choose your growth stage to browse useful tips! Balanced fertilization includes mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the form of urea, SSP, and potash.
What soil pH is needed for sugarcane?
Sugarcane can be grown on many soils ranging although a well-drained, deep, loamy soil is ideal. A soil pH between 5 and 8.5 is required for sugarcane growth, 6.5 being the optimum range.
What percentage of cane should be used for sowing?
The top 30-50% of a cane should be used for sowing as it has more buds with high viability for germination. The lower portion of the cane is high in sugar, making it less suited for germination, but better for jaggery-making.
How long does it take for sugarcane to detach?
Detrashing should be taken up after the cane formation around 150 days after planting and done at a bi-monthly interval after that. Once planted, sugarcane can be harvested multiple times. After each harvest, the cane will produce new stalks. Yields decrease with each harvest and thus is replanted after a while.
What is the best temperature for sugarcane?
The ideal temperature for the sprouting of stem cuttings is 32° to 38°C.
How often should I remove sugarcane leaves?
Detrashing should be taken up after the cane formation around 150 days after planting and done at a bi-monthly interval after that. Once planted, sugarcane can be harvested multiple times. After each harvest, the cane will produce new stalks. Yields decrease with each harvest and thus is replanted after a while. In commercial settings, this is done after 2 to 3 harvests. Harvest is done by hand or mechanically.
Is sugarcane a cash crop?
USE PLANTIX NOW! Introduction. Sugarcane is a cash crop used to produce over 75 per cent of the world's sugar, but it is also used as fodder for livestock. Sugarcane is a tropical perennial grass native to Asia. It produces tall-growing lateral stems which turn into thick stalks or canes, from which sugar is made.
Where do sugarcane leaves grow?
The leaves of the plant grow from the nodes of the stem, arranged in two rows on either side of the stem. The leaves are tubular and blade-like, thicker in the centres than at the margins and encircle the stem. The inflorescence of sugarcane is a terminal panicle which possesses two spikelets and seeds protected by husks (glumes) ...
How to grow sugarcane?
Basic requirements Sugarcane grows best in tropical and subtropical regions as the plants require a warm, sunny and moist environment for growth. Plants will grow optimally at temperatures between 26 and 33°C (78.8–91.4°F) where there are no frosts which will damage the plants. Sugarcane can be grown successfully in a variety of soils but will perform optimally in deep, well-draining soils, rich in organic matter with a pH between 5.0 and 8.0. Sugarcane requires an average annual rainfall of between 1800 and 2500 mm per year for adequate growth. If rainfall is too low, plants should be grown with irrigation to maximize yield. Propagation Sugarcane is vegetatively propagated by planting part of a mature cane called “setts”. Setts should be cut from carefully selected mature canes. A few days before the cuttings are taken, the end of the canes are removed to break the apical dominance of the cane and promote the breaking of buds. The best cuttings are taken from the upper portions of the cane and should be approximately 40 cm (16 in) in length with 2–3 buds. Sugarcane setts should be planted horizontally or at a 45° angle in furrows 15–30 cm (6–12 in) deep. Once in the ground, the setts should be covered with a thin layer of soil. Setts can be grown in a nursery bed and transplanted to the field or planted directly at the final growing site. The average planting density for sugarcane is 15,000–24,000 cuttings per hectare of land. Normally furrow method of planting is followed. A new method called pit method of planting promises two to three times more yield and more ratoon (up to 10) compared to furrow method. General care and maintenance Plantations should be kept free from weeds with weeding being carried out every 3–4 weeks. Weeds can be removed by hand or through the use of machinery or appropriate chemicals. If rainfall is not sufficient to meet the growth requirements of the plants then irrigation must be supplied every 2–4 weeks through furrow or sprinkler irrigation. Soil should be mounded up around the base of the canes 1–2 times during the growing season to promote good root development, aid drainage in heavy soil or prevent lodging in light soils. Harvesting Sugarcane is most commonly harvested by hand cutting Stalks should be cut close to the ground with a sharp knife when the canes are fully mature.
How deep should sugarcane be planted?
Sugarcane setts should be planted horizontally or at a 45° angle in furrows 15–30 cm (6–12 in) deep. Once in the ground, the setts should be covered with a thin layer of soil. Setts can be grown in a nursery bed and transplanted to the field or planted directly at the final growing site.
What is sugarcane used for?
Sugarcane is primarily used for the production of cane sugar (sucrose). One of the biproducts of sugarcane production is bioethanol which can be used as a fuel in place of gasoline. The dried fibre which is left over after the extraction of the sugarcane juice is called bagasse and is used in paper and textile production, ...
How to control sugarcane disease?
The disease can be successfully controlled by planting varieties of sugarcane which are resistant to the disease; disease can usually be eliminated from seed pieces by hot water treatment prior to planting; infected plants should be removed.
How much rainfall does sugarcane need?
Sugarcane requires an average annual rainfall of between 1800 and 2500 mm per year for adequate growth. If rainfall is too low, plants should be grown with irrigation to maximize yield. Propagation Sugarcane is vegetatively propagated by planting part of a mature cane called “setts”.
How long does sugarcane live?
Sugarcane can reach a height of up to 6 m (3.3 ft) and once harvested, the stalk will regrow allowing the plant to live for between 8 and 12 years. Sugarcane may also be referred to as nobel cane and originates from New Guinea. Harvested sugarcane. Sugarcane flowering. Sugarcane. ‹ › ×.
Where is sugarcane grown?
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a perennial grass of the Saccharum genus, Poaceae family. Its cultivation began in ancient times in the South Pacific region, where there is a rotation of dry and wet seasons that is favorable for this crop.
What is sugarcane used for?
Sugarcane plant is used to produce sugar that is distinguished by its brown color and the aroma of molasses. Over 60% of the sugar produced in the world is obtained from sugarcane (the stems contain 10 – 18% sucrose). After processing, the stems and leaves of the plant are used as livestock feed or used as fuel.
How can sugarcane yield be high?
High yields of sugarcane are reached only if the farmers follow all stages of its cultivation technology. The crop is sensitive to climate, soil type, irrigation, fertilizers application, pests and diseases control, varieties, and harvesting season. Here are the main points to pay attention to: 1.
How many waterings are needed for sugarcane?
By the time the cane ripens, the irrigation rates are reduced, and the irrigation periods are increased. During the growing season, an average of 8 to 15 waterings are provided.
How much moisture is needed for sugarcane?
The number of waterings for sugarcane in different climatic zones varies from 1 to 30.
How much does sugarcane cost per ton?
That is why sugarcane prices per ton can vary from $30 to $60.
What countries use sugar cane?
Asian sugarcane producers, such as India, China, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan have already set ambitious plans to use sugar cane as a biofuel for ethanol production. Use Crop Monitoring in your country to help manage your sugarcane field. 3.
Overview
Description
Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial grass that forms lateral shoots at the base to produce multiple stems, typically 3 to 4 m (10 to 13 ft) high and about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The stems grow into cane stalk, which when mature, constitutes around 75% of the entire plant. A mature stalk is typically composed of 11–16% fiber, 12–16% soluble sugars, 2–3% nonsugar carbohydrates, and 63–73% wat…
Etymology
The term "sugarcane" combines the Sanskrit word, शर्करा (śárkarā, later سُكَّر sukkar from Arabic, and sucre from Middle French and Middle English) with "cane", a crop grown on plantations in the Caribbean – gana, Hindi for cane. This term was first used by Spanish settlers in the West Indies in the early 16th century.
History
The two centers of domestication for sugarcane are one for Saccharum officinarum by Papuans in New Guinea and another for Saccharum sinense by Austronesians in Taiwan and southern China. Papuans and Austronesians originally primarily used sugarcane as food for domesticated pigs. The spread of both S. officinarum and S. sinense is closely linked to the migrations of the Austronesian …
Cultivation
Sugarcane cultivation requires a tropical or subtropical climate, with a minimum of 60 cm (24 in) of annual moisture. It is one of the most efficient photosynthesizers in the plant kingdom. It is a C4 plant, able to convert up to 1% of incident solar energy into biomass. In primary growing regions across the tropics and subtropics, sugarcane crops can produce over 15 kg/m of cane. On…
Processing
Traditionally, sugarcane processing requires two stages. Mills extract raw sugar from freshly harvested cane and "mill-white" sugar is sometimes produced immediately after the first stage at sugar-extraction mills, intended for local consumption. Sugar crystals appear naturally white in color during the crystallization process. Sulfur dioxide is added to inhibit the formation of colo…
Production
In 2020, global production of sugarcane was 1.87 billion tonnes, with Brazil producing 40% of the world total, India with 20%, and China producing 6% (table).
Worldwide, 26 million hectares were devoted to sugarcane cultivation in 2020. The average worldwide yield of sugarcane crops in 2020 was 71 tonnes per hectare, led by Peru with 123 tonnes per hectare. The theoretical possible yield for sugarcane is about 280 tonnes per hectar…
Ethanol
Ethanol is generally available as a byproduct of sugar production. It can be used as a biofuel alternative to gasoline, and is widely used in cars in Brazil. It is an alternative to gasoline, and may become the primary product of sugarcane processing, rather than sugar.
In Brazil, gasoline is required to contain at least 22% bioethanol. This bioethanol is sourced from Brazil's large sugarcane crop.