Parthenon
- Doric Columns. Athenian sculptor, Phidias. ...
- Metopes. Ninety-two carved metopes (square blocks placed between three-channeled triglyph blocks) adorn the exterior walls of the Parthenon.
- Parthenon Frieze. ...
- Athena Parthenos. ...
- Parthenon Changes Hands. ...
- Elgin Marbles. ...
- Parthenon Restoration. ...
- Acropolis Museum. ...
What type of columns does the Parthenon have?
The Parthenon is a temple in the classical Greek Doric style, meaning that its columns have simple capitals, fluted [deep grooves] column shafts, and no bases. There are eight of these columns on either end of the building and seventeen columns running along its sides.
What materials were used to make the Parthenon?
How do you make a paper Parthenon?
- Remove any excess toilet paper from toilet paper rolls. …
- Use glue gun to stick the toilet paper rolls around the outside of the piece of cardboard.
- Draw the triangular pieces that will go between your roof and your pillars. …
- Draw the rectangles that will be used as your roof.
What is the architectural style of the Parthenon?
- Width East: 30.875 m
- Width West: 30.8835 m
- Length North: 69.5151 m
- Length South: 69.5115 m
What is the layout of the Parthenon?
What is the layout of the Parthenon? The design plan of the Parthenon is rectangular (102 x 226 feet) and built in proportion to the Doric ratio of 9:4. The peristyle is enclosed by a colonnade of fluted columns (carved in situ) with square capitals, resting upon a three-step base.
Does the Parthenon have Corinthian columns?
At the Parthenon, the columns are 34' 3" high. At their base, the diameter of each column is 6' 3". Like all Doric columns, those at the Parthenon taper slightly towards the top. The three main types of columns used in Greek temples and other public buildings are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
What kind of columns were used on the front and sides of the Parthenon?
The most iconic example of Doric columns is the Parthenon, which was built in the 5th century BCE to honour the Greek goddess Athena. The Parthenon is what is known as a peripteral Doric temple in that columns are located not only in the front of the structure but along the sides as well.
What type of columns were used on the Parthenon quizlet?
Doric- Used on Parthenon; Ionic- curly capital; Corinthian- narrow to wide capital.
Is the pantheon Doric or Ionic?
The Pantheon is a circular building with a portico supported granite Corinthian columns. Its Roman concrete dome is 4535 metric tons. It is made from several materials, including marble, granite, concrete and brick. The Parthenon is a Doric temple supported by ionic columns.
What type of columns does the pantheon have?
At the front of the Pantheon, sixteen, monolithic columns form the monument's well-known portico. The shafts (cylindrical part of the column) are made of Egyptian granite, while the capitals (decorative top of the column) and bases were carved from white Greek marble.
What are the 3 types of columns?
The three major classical orders are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The orders describe the form and decoration of Greek and later Roman columns, and continue to be widely used in architecture today. The Doric order is the simplest and shortest, with no decorative foot, vertical fluting, and a flared capital.
What is true about the columns on the Parthenon quizlet?
Each of the columns in the Parthenon was built with a slight bulge in the middle, to make them appear "straight". Columns tend to "contract" near the top, and hence the base of each column was built a little thicker.
What column order are used on the Temple of Athena Nike at the Acropolis Athens?
Doric orderThe temple of Athena Nike stands just next to the Propylaea (below), a heavy, monumental gateway to the Acropolis, built in the Doric order.
What is Parthenon quizlet?
Your Answer: The Parthenon is a marble temple dedicated to the goddess Athena. It is located on a hill, overlooking the city of the athens. This site was chosen to show the authority of the building and connect the temple closer to Athena and the gods. The Parthenon is a temple in the doric order with eight columns.
Does the Pantheon have Doric columns?
The structure is dominated by outer columns in Doric style that lean slightly inward to give the illusion of straight lines. The Pantheon's dominating design is its massive domed ceiling and rotunda. When it was built in the second century, it was the largest in the world.
What is the architectural style of the Pantheon?
Ancient Roman architecturePantheon / Architectural styleAncient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but was different from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered one body of classical architecture. Wikipedia
What is the architectural style of the Parthenon?
Doric orderClassical architectureParthenon/Architectural styles
Why are the columns in the Parthenon tapered?
The columns are slightly tapered to give the temple a symmetrical appearance. The corner columns are larger in diameter than the other columns. Incredibly, the Parthenon contains no straight lines and no right angles, a true feat of Greek architecture.
How many square feet is the Parthenon?
The structure has a rectangular floor plan and is built on a 23,000-square foot base, part of which was the limestone foundation of the Old Parthenon. Low steps surrounded each side of the building, and a portico of Doric columns standing on a platform create a border around it.
What are the metopes on the Parthenon?
Metopes. Ninety-two carved metopes (square blocks placed between three-channeled triglyph blocks) adorn the exterior walls of the Parthenon. The metopes on the West side depict Amazonomachy, a mythical battle between the Amazons and the Ancient Greeks, and were thought to be designed by the sculptor Kalamis.
What is the Parthenon dedicated to?
Dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, the Parthenon sits high atop a compound of temples known as the Acropolis of Athens. Throughout the centuries, the Parthenon withstood earthquakes, fire, wars, explosions and looting yet remains, although battered, a powerful symbol of Ancient Greece and Athenian culture.
What did the Greeks use to fight for independence?
After centuries of being ruled by the Turks, the Greeks fought for independence in the 1820s. The Acropolis became a combat zone and the Turkish Army removed hundreds of marble blocks from Parthenon ruins. They also used the lead-coated iron clamps which held the blocks together to make bullets.
Why was the Parthenon important?
Importance of the Parthenon. The Parthenon was the center of religious life in the powerful Greek City-State of Athens , the head of the Delian League. Built in the 5 century B.C., it was a symbol of the power, wealth and elevated culture of Athens. It was the largest and most lavish temple the Greek mainland had ever seen.
What is the band on the walls of the Parthenon called?
A broad, decorated horizontal band called a frieze runs along the entire length of the walls of the Parthenon’s inner chamber (the cella). The frieze was carved using the bas-relief technique, which means the sculpted figures are raised slightly from the background.
Overview
Architecture
The Parthenon is a peripteral octastyle Doric temple with Ionic architectural features. It stands on a platform or stylobate of three steps. In common with other Greek temples, it is of post and lintel construction and is surrounded by columns ('peripteral') carrying an entablature. There are eight columns at either end ('octastyle') and seventeen on the sides. There is a double row of columns …
Etymology
The origin of the Parthenon's name is from the Greek word παρθενών (parthenon), which referred to the "unmarried women's apartments" in a house and in the Parthenon's case seems to have been used at first only for a particular room of the temple; it is debated which room this is and how the room acquired its name. The Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek–English Lexicon states that this room was the western cella of the Parthenon, as does J.B. Bury. Jamauri D. Green holds that the …
Function
Although the Parthenon is architecturally a temple and is usually called so, some scholars have argued that it is not really a temple in the conventional sense of the word. A small shrine has been excavated within the building, on the site of an older sanctuary probably dedicated to Athena as a way to get closer to the goddess, but the Parthenon apparently never hosted the official cult of Ath…
Sculpture
The cella of the Parthenon housed the chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos sculpted by Phidias and dedicated in 439 or 438 BC. The appearance of this is known from other images. The decorative stonework was originally highly colored. The temple was dedicated to Athena at that time, though construction continued until almost the beginning of the Peloponnesian War in …
Later history
A major fire broke out in the Parthenon shortly after the middle of the third century AD which destroyed the Parthenon's roof and much of the sanctuary's interior. Heruli pirates are also credited with sacking Athens in 276, and destroying most of the public buildings there, including the Parthenon. Repairs were made in the fourth century AD, possibly during the reign of Julian the Apo…
Restoration
In 1975, the Greek government began a concerted effort to restore the Parthenon and other Acropolis structures. After some delay, a Committee for the Conservation of the Acropolis Monuments was established in 1983. The project later attracted funding and technical assistance from the European Union. An archaeological committee thoroughly documented every artifact remaining on the site, and architects assisted with computer models to determine their original lo…
Sources
• Burkert, Walter (1985). Greek Religion. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-36281-9.
• Connelly, Joan Breton (1 January 1996). "Parthenon and Parthenoi: A Mythological Interpretation of the Parthenon Frieze" (PDF). American Journal of Archaeology. 100 (1): 53–80. doi:10.2307/506297. JSTOR 506297. S2CID 41120274. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2018.
Historical Setting
Architectural Features
- The Parthenon is a Doric peripteral temple, which means that itconsists of a rectangular floor plan with a series of low steps onevery side, and a colonnade (8 x 17) of Doric columns extendingaround the periphery of the entire structure. Each entrance has anadditional six columns in front of it. The larger of the two interiorrooms, the naos, housed...
The Orders
- The three main types of columns used in Greek temples and otherpublic buildings are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The truest andmost basic difference among the orders has to do with proportions(Doric columns, for example, being thicker and shorter, Ionic columnstaller and slimmer). As a shortcut, the orders may be distinguishedmost easily by their capitals (the tops o…
The Metopes
- The metopes of the Parthenon all represented various instances ofthe struggle between the forces of order and justice, on the onehand, and criminal chaos on the other. On the west side, the mythicalbattle against the Amazons (Amazonomachy); on the south, the battlebetween the Lapiths and the Centaurs (Centauromachy); on the east,the battle between the gods and the gia…
The Pedimental Sculptures
- These relief sculptures, larger than those of the metopes,occupied the triangular space above the triglyphs and metopes. Thoseat the west end of the temple depicted the contest between Poseidonand Athena for the right to be the patron deity of Athens (Athena'sgift of the olive tree was preferred over Poseidon's spring). Theeastern pedimental group showed the birth of Athen…
The Frieze
- The Parthenon frieze runs around the upper edge of the templewall. Its relatively small size (3 feet 5 inches tall) and placement(inside from the triglyphs and metopes) made it fairly hard to seefrom the ground. Unlike the metopes, the frieze has a single subjecton all four sides. On three sides (north, west, and south) it depictsa procession of horsemen, musicians, sacrificial animals, and …