What is the difference between protein synthesis and translation?
Let us have a discussion on translation viz. protein synthesis and the structure of tRNA. The DNA is transcribed into mRNA on the basis of their complementarity. Translation is the process of conversion of nucleic acid information into amino acids.
What is the end result of translation of mRNA?
The end result is a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence mirrors the sequence of codons in the mRNA. Translation involves reading the mRNA nucleotides in groups of three; each group specifies an amino acid (or provides a stop signal indicating that translation is finished).
What happens to amino acids during and after translation?
During and after translation, amino acids may be chemically altered or removed. The new polypeptide will also fold into a distinct 3D structure, and may join with other polypeptides to make a multi-part protein.
What is the molecule that results from translation?
The molecule that results from translation is protein -- or more precisely, translation produces short sequences of amino acids called peptides that get stitched together and become proteins. During translation, little protein factories called ribosomes read the messenger RNA sequences.
Define Translation
In translation, courier RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome, on the outer side of the nucleus, to deliver a particular amino corrosive chain or polypeptide. The polypeptide later bends into a functioning protein and executes its responsibility in the cell.
Protein Synthesis- Translation
Protein synthesis is eliminated by the protein process translation. When a DNA molecule transcribes a transcription, the RNA of the messenger is translated into protein synthesis. In the translation process, the RNA messenger is active and RNA transfer (tRNA) and ribosome for the protein synthesis process.
Translation process- Explanation
The translation of all living things begins when a small ribosomal subunit binds near the end of the 5 'mRNA and indicates the sequence of the original code. In the next section, initiating tRNA, the tRNA contains the initial amino acid of the polypeptide, binding to the original code.
Sample Questions on Translation
Ques. What is the role of messenger RNA and ribosomes for protein synthesis?
Class 12 Biology: Learning outcomes
From this topic of the chapter, the candidates can learn about the concept of translation.
What are the stages of translation?
Translation: Beginning, middle, and end 1 Initiation ("beginning"): in this stage, the ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin. 2 Elongation ("middle"): in this stage, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNAs and linked together to form a chain. 3 Termination ("end"): in the last stage, the finished polypeptide is released to go and do its job in the cell.
What is the G/A sequence of bacterial translation?
Bacterial translation initiation: On a bacterial mRNA, a G/A-rich sequence called the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is found slightly upstream (5' of) the start codon (AUG). The small ribosomal subunit recognizes and binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
What is the middle stage of ribosome elongation?
Elongation ("middle"): in this stage, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNAs and linked together to form a chain. Termination ("end"): in the last stage, the finished polypeptide is released to go and do its job in the cell. Let’s take a closer look at how each stage works.
Why is the tRNA in the P site empty?
The tRNA in the P site is now "empty" because it does not hold the polypeptide. 3) Translocation: the ribosome moves one codon over on the mRNA toward the 3' end. This shifts the tRNA in the A site to the P site, and the tRNA in the P site to the E site. The empty tRNA in the E site then exits the ribosome.
How are codons read in translation?
In translation, the codons of an mRNA are read in order (from the 5' end to the 3' end) by molecules called transfer RNAs, or tRNAs. Each tRNA has an anticodon, a set of three nucleotides that binds to a matching mRNA codon through base pairing. The other end of the tRNA carries the amino acid that's specified by the codon.
What are the features of codons?
Here are some key features of codons to keep in mind as we move forward: There are different codons for amino acids. Three “stop” codons mark the polypeptide as finished. One codon, AUG, is a “start” signal to kick off translation (it also specifies the amino acid methionine)
What is the initiation complex of tRNA?
Together, they form the initiation complex, the molecular setup needed to start making a new protein.
Define Translation
Protein Synthesis- Translation
- [Click Here for Sample Questions] Protein synthesis is eliminated by the protein process translation. When a DNA molecule transcribes a transcription, the RNA of the messenger is translated into protein synthesis. In the translation process, the RNA messenger is active and RNA transfer (tRNA) and ribosome for the protein synthesis process. The whol...
Translation Process- Explanation
- [Click Here for Sample Questions] The translation of all living things begins when a small ribosomal subunit binds near the end of the 5 'mRNA and indicates the sequence of the original code. In the next section, initiating tRNA, the tRNA contains the initial amino acid of the polypeptide, binding to the original code. In the final initiation phase, the larger unit joins the sma…