Levels of Processing
- Shallow Processing. Structural processing (appearance) which is when we encode only the physical qualities of something.
- Deep Processing. Semantic processing, which happens when we encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words with similar meaning.
- Summary. ...
What is shallow and deep processing in psychology?
Mar 29, 2020 · Shallow processing is a way individuals process information according to the levels of processing theory developed by Craik and Lockhart. They theorized that memory recall was based on the depth of processing and that deeper …
What is shallow processing model of memory?
Apr 13, 2013 · SHALLOW PROCESSING. Cognitive processing. A stimulus is processed on its superficial and perceptual features instead of its meaning. It produces shorter lasting memory. See levels of processing model of memory; data driven process; bottom-up process.
Does the depth of processing theory explain memory?
Shallow processing is a way individuals process information according to the levels of processing theory developed by Craik and Lockhart. They theorized that memory recall was based on the depth of processing and that deeper and more meaningful processing made recall easier.
What is shallow processing in phonemic theory?
Dec 28, 2021 · Shallow processing is a way individuals process information according to the levels of processing theory developed by Craik and Lockhart. They theorized that memory recall was based on the depth of processing and that deeper …
What is shallow processing example?
Shallow Processing E.g. the typeface of a word or how the letters look. 2. Phonemic processing – which is when we encode its sound. Shallow processing only involves maintenance rehearsal (repetition to help us hold something in the STM) and leads to fairly short-term retention of information.
What are shallow and deep processing?
Shallow processing (e.g., processing based on phonemic and orthographic components) leads to a fragile memory trace that is susceptible to rapid decay. Conversely, deep processing (e.g., semantic processing) results in a more durable memory trace.
What is shallow processing in AP Psychology?
Shallow processing: Processing information based on its surface characteristics. Deep processing: Processing information with respect to its meaning. Attention: The brain's ability to focus on stimuli.Apr 20, 2020
What is deep processing in memory?
cognitive processing of a stimulus that focuses on its meaningful properties rather than its perceptual characteristics. It is considered that processing at this semantic level, which usually involves a degree of elaboration, produces stronger, longer-lasting memories than shallow processing.
Why is shallow processing important?
Shallow processing is a way individuals process information according to the levels of processing theory developed by Craik and Lockhart. They theorized that memory recall was based on the depth of processing and that deeper and more meaningful processing made recall easier.
What is shallow level of processing?
cognitive processing of a stimulus that focuses on its superficial, perceptual characteristics rather than its meaning. It is considered that processing at this shallow level produces weaker, shorter-lasting memories than deep processing. See levels-of-processing model of memory.
What is shallow encoding in psychology?
Shallow levels of encoding occur when information is encoded structurally, by the way it appears, or phonemically, by the way it sounds. Repetition of this information just helps us retain it for a short period of time, instead of moving it to our long-term memory.
What is depth of processing in psychology?
By "depth of processing", we mean, the way in which a person thinks about a piece of information, for example, a shallow level of processing of a word would be to skim over a sentence and to understand the sentence without dwelling on the individual word.
Is to shallow processing as is to deep processing?
Deep processing involves attention to meaning and is associated with elaborative rehearsal. Shallow processing involves repetition with little attention to meaning and is associated with maintenance rehearsal. processing that involves attention to meaning and relating an item to something else.
Which is better for your memory overtime shallow or deep?
Shallow Processing. 🤔Deep processing is processing information with consideration to its meaning. Deep processing creates stronger memories because it involves elaborative rehearsal, creating a more meaningful analysis. 💭Shallow processing is not as involved as deep processing.Nov 11, 2020
What are the 3 levels of processing?
The visceral level is fast: it makes rapid judgments of what is good or bad, safe or dangerous, and sends appropriate signals to the muscles (the motor system) and alerts the rest of the brain. This is the start of affective processing.
What are 3 stages of memory?
Stages of Memory Creation The brain has three types of memory processes: sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
How does depth of processing affect memory?
The present findings add to the increasing amount of literature on the depth of processing theory because they confirm that processing words at a deeper level leads to better recall than words processed at a shallow level. These results indicate that memory should be looked at as a result of cognitive processes. These results could be very beneficial for people, especially students, with improving memory. Using deeper processing when studying, could lead to better memory. Applying the depth of processing theory to teaching styles by making information personal would increase learning.
Why is depth of processing important?
The study of depth of processing and cognitive performance is important, especially to students because it may help with studying techniques and increase memory. If a deeper level of processing led to better recall, students should study by making personal connections or trying to understand the meaning behind terms.
Do college students remember more words than they remember at a shallow level?
We expected that college students using deep processing during the word stimulus task would recall more words than those processing words at a shallow level. This hypothesis was supported by this study because the students in the experience rating condition remembered more words than the other two conditions. According to Craik and Lockhart (1972), this is because the participants in the experience rating condition processed at a deep level by attaching meaning to them. This is consistent with past research that words processed semantically were recalled more often than words processed shallowly (e.g., Barker, McInerney, & Dowson, 2002; Innocenti et al., 2010; Kronlund & Whittlesea, 2005; Malmberg & Shiffrin, 2005; Rose et al., 2010). There was not a significant difference between the syllable counting and vowel counting conditions, and since these both require shallow processing, this supports the depth of processing theory.
Why should generalizability be raised?
Since all of the participants were college students, the issue of generalizability should be raised because a restricted population was used. Students tend to have high cognitive skills, so the results may not be the same for the rest of the population. Testing participants of all conditions in the same room may have caused problems because the students could not ask specific questions, and some students did not fully understand the instructions. A survey was not done to see if the participants knew what we were studying, so demand characteristics could have played a role in the results. Deception was used during informed consent, so this was not likely.
What is rhyming used for?
Rhyming was used as a shallow level, and categorizing and applying meaning were used for deep levels of processing. After the questions, the students were tested to see how many words they recalled.
