The maximum dry density upto which any soil can be compacted depends upon
- A soil has a bulk density of 22 kN/m3 and water content 10 %. ...
- If dry density, water density and specific gravity of solids of a given soil sample are 1.6 g/cc, 1.84 g/cc and 2.56 respectively, the porosity of the soil sample, is
- A sample of saturated soil has 30% water content and the specific gravity of soil grains is 2.6. ...
How to determine the shrinkage limit of soil?
- Place a soil paste in the cup.
- Cut a groove at the center of the soil paste with the standard grooving tool.
- Lift the cup and drop it from a height of 10mm, using the crank-operated cam. ...
- Repeat the procedure at least three times for the same soil at varying moisture contents.
How to calculate maximum dry density?
Procedure for Standard Proctor Test
- Collect the soil sample weighing 3kg. ...
- If the soil is fine-grained, water is added to make its water content to 8%. ...
- The soil after the addition of water is mixed thoroughly and covered with a wet cloth. ...
- Next, the apparatus is prepared by cleaning the mold thoroughly. ...
How do you calculate dry density of soil?
Test Procedure:
- (1) Extrude the soil sample from the cylinder using the extruder.
- (2) Cut a representative soil specimen from the extruded sample.
- (3) Determine and record the length ( L ), diameter ( D) and mass ( Mt) of the soil specimen.
- (4) Determine and record the moisture content of the soil ( w ).
What is the optimum moisture content of soil?
Standard Proctor Compaction Test
- Scope of Standard Proctor Compaction Test. The scope of the Standard proctor compaction test is to determine the relationship between the moisture content and the density of the soil that ...
- Apparatus for Standard Proctor Compaction Test. ...
- Procedure for Standard Proctor Test. ...
- Calculations for Compaction Curve. ...
What is the meaning of maximum dry density?
The dry density obtained by the compaction of soil at its optimum moisture content. Ref: Hammond.
What is OMC and MDD?
Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) is the water content at which the soil attains maximum dry density. • Maximum Dry Density (MDD) is the dry density of soil corresponding to Optimum Moisture Content.
What does 95% compaction mean?
95 percent compaction means that the soil has been compacted to 95 percent of the possible density of the soil through compactive efforts. Maximum dry density, along with optimum moisture content, is determined in the laboratory and provides the target for field compaction.
How is OMC calculated?
To calculate the amount of liquid required per m3 to achieve OMC, multiply the answer in #5 (4grm) by 9000. Or, simply by a factor of 9. (4grm x 9 = 36ltr of liquid) This will give you the total amount liquid liters (36ltr) to achieve OMC.
What is the dry density of soil?
Dry density of a soil is the ratio of total dry mass of soil to the total volume of soil. dry density is related to the degree of compaction of soil mass.
What is maximum dry density?
Definition of maximum dry density. The dry density obtained by the compaction of soil at its optimum moisture content. Ref: Hammond.
How to determine maximum dry density?
To get the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, Standard Proctor's compaction test was conducted on fresh geopolymer mortar. The fluid media to prepare the mortar was water and various alkaline solutions of different molarities for comparison. The variation of the dry density with fluid-to-binder (f/b) ratio is shown in Figure 15.1. As in any of the particulate material with the interaction of water, the dry density increases and then decreases. At f/b ratio of 0.2, the mix would attain maximum dry density for all the fluids. It can be seen that compaction characteristics would be marginally affected by the fluid medium.
How dense is CDG soil?
The CDG soil was compacted in layers (65–105 mm in thickness for each layer) to a dry density of 95% of the maximum dry density (ρd max = 1.802 Mg/m 3 ), that is, γ d = 1.712 Mg/m 3. The soil mass amount for each layer was weighed before being placed into the box, to achieve the required dry density. For the pullout tests on saturated condition, the initial moisture content of the soil was around 16%, which was close to the optimal moisture content ( mopt) of the CDG soil. For the tests on unsaturated condition, the initial moisture content of the soil was prepared at the desired water content.
What does SSA do to soil?
As described in Section 7.2.4, an increase in dry density of a soil can generally be equated to an increase in strength, lower permeability and better volume stability. The effects of SSA as a component of stabilisation additives on soil compaction properties were evaluated using the standard Proctor ( ASTM D698, 2012 ), modified Proctor ( ASTM D1557, 2012) and Harvard miniature methods. Results are presented in Figure 7.7, which was developed by tracking the changes in the points of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density on the compaction curves for varying contents of SSA, SSA + cement and SSA + lime additives.
What is the relationship between dry unit weight and SSA content?
An increase in the dry unit weight of the soils has been reported for SSA contents up to thresholds of 2% and 7% ( Al-Sharif and Attom, 2014 and Lin et al., 2007c ), followed by reductions in the dry density for higher SSA additive levels. A further study ( Ingunza et al., 2014) reported straight reductions for all SSA additive levels up to 30%, though they were tested only at 5% intervals.
What size mold is used for soil compacting?
For compacting soil containing coarse material up to 37.5 mm size, the 2250 cc mold should be used. A sample weighing about 30 kg and passing through the 37.5 mm IS Sieve is used for the test. Soil is compacted in five layers, each layer being given 55 blows of the 4.9 kg rammer. The rest of the procedure is the same as above.
How many kg of soil should be taken through a 19 mm IS sieve?
A representative portion of air-dried soil material, large enough to provide about 6 kg of material passing through a 19 mm IS Sieve (for soils not susceptible to crushing during compaction) or about 15 kg of material passing through a 19 mm IS Sieve (for soils susceptible to crushing during compaction) should be taken. This portion should be sieved through a 19 mm IS Sieve, and the coarse fraction rejected after its proportion of the total sample has been recorded. Aggregations of particles should be broken down so that if the sample was sieved through a 4.75 mm IS Sieve, only separated individual particles would be retained.
How many cc is a cylindrical mould?
Cylindrical metal mould—it should be either of 100 mm dia. and 1000 cc volume or 150 mm dia. and 2250 cc volume and should conform to IS: 10074–1982.
How to achieve maximum dry density?
So, the only way of doing such is to apply the optimum moisture content to the soil. For example, we prepare a base or a sub-base for an asphaltic pavement. You can’t achieve or come close to the maximum dry density value, unless you apply optimum moisture to the pavement layer.
What is dry density?
Definition of dry density. We can define the dry density of soil as: “Dry density is an empirical value that specifies the density of soil in dry state”. or. “Dry density is the density of soil solids”.
What is optimum moisture content?
In the laboratory we can obtained the maximum dry density with standard proctor test and modified proctor test. As a result of these tests, we can plot a graph showing relationship between moisture content and the dry density.
What is the relationship between moisture content and dry density?
Moisture content – dry density relationship. A soil in bulk state has three components. Soil solids are enclosed with voids that have water and air inside. As a result of compaction, the air and water is expelled creating a compressed or compacted matrix.
What happens if you add water beyond the optimum moisture content?
If you add water beyond the optimum moisture content, the water will occupy extra space and thus reduce density. You can see the compact curve for the relationship between optimum moisture content and dry density of soil.
What happens when you add water to soil?
But when you add water, it lubricates the soil solids. The thin water film helps keep the particles to contact with each other.
Why does soil stay in different states?
A soil stays in different states due to the presence of water content in it. These states are defined as atterberg limit. The concept of atterberg limits like liquid and plastic limit would further help you in this concept.
How to find dry density of soil?
The Dry density of soil formula is defined as the ratio of Mass of solids to the total volume of the soil and is represented as ρd = M/Vt or dry_density = Mass of solids/Total Volume of Soil or Rock Sample. Mass of solids means the actuall weight of the solid particle present in the sewage and Total Volume of Soil or Rock Sample is the combined volume of solids and pores which may contain volume of air or volume of water, or both.
What is total volume of soil?
Total Volume of Soil or Rock Sample - Total Volume of Soil or Rock Sample is the combined volume of solids and pores which may contain volume of air or volume of water, or both. (Measured in Cubic Meter)
What is the difference between dry and bulk density?
Bulk density (aka total density) is the total mass of the soil (ie mass of soil solids, water and air) per unit volume, while a dry density is mass of soil solids only per unit volume of the soil. Note that a dry density of soil mass is different than the density of soil solids. The density of soil solids will be mass of soil solids / volume of soil solids! Complex, isn’t it? Well, not quite. Let us see these definitions in a slightly different way.
What is optimum moisture?
Optimum moisture is that degree of moisture content when compacted soil is fully saturated but no more saturated. When the optimum moisture is exceeded the soil particles are separated and the soil loosens. 223 views. ·.
What do you want to reach for the soil to have a larger bearing capacity?
You want to reach maximum density for the soil to have a larger bearing capacity.
Does compaction affect moisture content?
Compaction need not have any relation with moisture content of soil.Moisture content could only affect the pliability of soil.
Can you get full compaction with less moisture?
More or less moisture, and you’ll not achieve full compaction. A possible problem with that situation is that at some stage OMC may occur, leading to further compaction of the soil. Resulting in that “sinking” feeling!
Is rolling dry soil useless?
When it comes to structural work, again soil in moisture plays an important role since you have to compact the so il before going for substructure, and for compacting moisture (OMC) is must , simply rolling the dry soil is useless, as it never achieve the den sity, and is susceptible for shrinkage after load is applied!!!!!
Which has higher dry density, well graded or poorly graded?
that well-graded sands have higher maximum dry density than poorly graded when the soils have
What is soil classification and characterization?
the soil classification and characterization. The method of choice in the determination of the
