What is an earmark AP Gov? An earmark is a provision inserted into a discretionary spending appropriations bill that directs funds to a specific recipient while circumventing the merit-based or competitive funds allocation process. Click to see full answer.
What are legislative earmarks?
Earmark (politics) An earmark is a provision inserted into a discretionary spending appropriations bill that directs funds to a specific recipient while circumventing the merit-based or competitive funds allocation process. Earmarks feature in United States Congress spending policy, and they are present in public finance of many other countries ...
What does earmarked mean?
tr.v. ear·marked, ear·mark·ing, ear·marks 1. To reserve or designate for a particular purpose. See Synonyms at allocate. 2. To mark the ear of (a domestic animal) for identification. 3. To specify or allocate (funds) to be spent in a legislative earmark. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.
What does it mean to earmark something?
earmark. To earmark something is to set it aside for a specific purpose. If you're saving money to spend it in a particular way — whether it's for college or a fancy new pair of shoes — you have earmarked that money. Earmarking is usually about money.
What is earmark in government?
- Add-ons. If the Administration asks for $100 million for formula grants, for example, and Congress provides $110 million and places restrictions (such as site-specific locations) on the additional $10 million, ...
- Carve-outs. ...
- Funding provisions that do not name grantee, but are so specific that only one grantee can qualify for funding.
What is an earmark in government?
OMB defines earmarks as funds provided by the Congress for projects or programs where the congressional direction (in bill or report language) circumvents the merit-based or competitive allocation process, or specifies the location or recipient, or otherwise curtails the ability of the Administration to control ...
What is an earmark quizlet?
earmarks. a legislative provision that directs approved funds to be spent on specific projects, or that directs specific exemptions from taxes or mandated fees.
What is the meaning of an earmark?
Definition of earmark (Entry 1 of 2) 1 : a mark of identification on the ear of an animal. 2 : a distinguishing mark all the earmarks of poverty. 3 : a provision in Congressional legislation that allocates a specified amount of money for a specific project, program, or organization.
What is the difference between earmarks and pork barrel spending quizlet?
What is the difference between earmarks and pork-barrel spending? Pork-barrel spending is a non-vital project for creating infrastructure, while earmarks are designated funds to meet the needs of the people.
What is meant by pork or earmarks?
Pork barrel, or simply pork, is a metaphor for the appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.
What is earmark revenue?
Earmarking is the budgeting practice of dedicating tax or other revenues to a specific program or purpose. This practice typically involves depositing tax or other revenues into a special account from which the legislature appropriates money for the designated purpose.
How do you use the word earmarked?
To earmark something is to set it aside for a specific purpose. If you're saving money to spend it in a particular way — whether it's for college or a fancy new pair of shoes — you have earmarked that money. Originally, an earmark was a mark on the ear of an animal — such as a sheep — that indicated ownership.
What is an earmark in finance?
An earmark is a provision inserted into a discretionary spending appropriations bill that directs funds to a specific recipient while circumventing the merit-based or competitive funds allocation process. Earmarks feature in American and South African public finance.
What is an earmark?
Earmarks are funds provided by Congress for projects or programs that curtail the ability of the Executive Branch to manage critical aspects of the funds allocation process. ". — Office of Management and Budget. Last updated 2011.
What is the purpose of the earmarking process?
Treasury funds. The earmarking process provided Congress with the power to earmark discretionary funds it appropriates to be spent on specific named projects.
How much were earmarks worth in 2010?
Approximately 1,000 such earmarks were authorized in the previous year, worth $1.7 billion. At the time, earmarks constituted less than 1% of the 2010 federal budget, down from about 1.1% in 2006. After gaining control of the House in 2011 (following the 2010 elections), Republicans adopted a House earmark ban.
What is earmark spending?
Discretionary spending, which is set by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees and their various subcommittees, usually through appropriation acts, is an optional part of fiscal policy which differs from mandatory spending ...
Where did the earmarks originate?
^ Sahadi, Jeanne (March 11, 2009). "Earmarks: Myth and reality". money.cnn.com. CNN. Retrieved April 20, 2018. The term earmark originated in ancient England when farmers tagged -- or marked the ears -- of their livestock mixed among the village herd.
Where did the word "earmark" come from?
"Earmark" comes from the livestock term, where the ears of domestic animals were cut in specific ways so that farmers could distinguish their stock from others grazing on public land.
What is congressional earmark?
In general, the word “earmark” refers to any element of a spending bill that allocates money for a very specific thing—a given project, say, or location, or institution.
When is a defense earmark considered a defense spending item?
It considers a defense spending item to be an earmark only if Congress adds money to the department’s request “at a level of specificity below the normal line item level.”.
Does an expenditure have to be an earmark?
Some earmarks are easy to spot, like this year’s $500,000 grant to the Teapot Museum in Sparta, N.C. But an expenditure doesn’t have to be an earmark just because it’s specific.
Friday, January 15, 2016
1. Earmarks: a legislative (especially congressional) provision that directs approved funds to be spent on specific projects, or that directs specific exemptions from taxes or mandated fees. Origin: England, meaning "to set aside money for a special purpose".
Earmarks, Logrolling, and Pork Barrel Make-up Work
1. Earmarks: a legislative (especially congressional) provision that directs approved funds to be spent on specific projects, or that directs specific exemptions from taxes or mandated fees. Origin: England, meaning "to set aside money for a special purpose".
What does "earmark" mean?
earmark. verb. earmarked; earmarking; earmarks. Definition of earmark (Entry 2 of 2) transitive verb. 1 a : to mark (livestock) with an earmark. b : to mark in a distinguishing manner. 2 : to designate (something, such as funds) for a specific use or owner money earmarked for education.
What does "earmark" mean in a sentence?
Definition of earmark (Entry 2 of 2) transitive verb. 1 a : to mark (livestock) with an earmark. b : to mark in a distinguishing manner. 2 : to designate (something, such as funds) for a specific use or owner money earmarked for education. Synonyms More Example Sentences Learn More About earmark.
Overview
An earmark is a provision inserted into a discretionary spending appropriations bill that directs funds to a specific recipient while circumventing the merit-based or competitive funds allocation process. Earmarks feature in United States Congress spending policy, and they are present in public finance of many other countries as a form of political particularism.
Etymology
"Earmark" comes from the livestock term, where the ears of domestic animals were cut in specific ways so that farmers could distinguish their stock from others grazing on public land. In particular, the term comes from earmarked hogs where, by analogy, pork-barreled legislation would be doled out among members of the local political machine.
Definitions
In 2006 the Congressional Research Service (CRS) compiled a report on the use of earmarks in thirteen Appropriation Acts from 1994 through 2005 in which they noted that there was "not a single definition of the term earmark accepted by all practitioners and observers of the appropriations process, nor [was] there a standard earmark practice across all appropriation bills." It was noted at that time, that while the CRS did not summarize earmarks that they came in two …
US Congress Appropriation committees
The two most powerful Congressional committees, the Senate Committee on Appropriations and the House Committee on Appropriations, pass bills that regulate expenditures of the United States federal government. Chairs and Members of these committees are seen as influential. The Senate Appropriations Committee is the largest committee in the U.S. Senate, with 30 members in the 114th Congress and is, therefore one of the most powerful committees in the Senate. In 2006 th…
Legislation
The Congress is required by Article 1, Section 9, Clause 7 of the United States Constitution to pass legislation prior to the expenditure of any U.S. Treasury funds.
The earmarking process provided Congress with the power to earmark discretionary funds it appropriates to be spent on specific named projects. The earmarking process was a regular part of the process of allocating funds within the Federal government. For many years they were a co…
Alternatives to congressional earmarks
Members of Congress can influence priorities and policy-making that promote projects that are important to their constituents by accessing discretionary DOT spending, through regular formula-based funding mechanisms and increased interaction with both transportation official as the federal and state levels.
Earmarks and transportation
In January 2017, a report by the CRS described how, prior to the earmarks ban in 2011, Members of Congress had used earmarks to ensure that local congressional representatives, not the Department of Transportation and its Agencies Administration, set priority discretionary transportation spending.
Congressional members and DOT administration often disagree on priorities. In FY2007, with a…
Debates
Earmarks have often been treated as being synonymous with "pork barrel" legislation. Despite considerable overlap, the two are not the same: what constitutes an earmark is an objective determination, while what is "pork-barrel" spending is subjective. One legislator's "pork" is another's vital project.
Scott Frisch and Sean Kelly point out that directing money to particular purposes is a core consti…