What are word gaps?
NF: Word Gaps - Liza 7th Grade ELA! When the author author uses words or phrases students recognize they don’t know When you are reading and notice the author using a word or phrase that you do not know or are not familiar with. “Do I know this word from somewhere else?"
Where did the 30 million word gap come from?
The term 30 million word gap (often shortened to just the word gap) was originally coined by Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley in their book Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children, and subsequently reprinted in the article "The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3".
What is a signpost in a speech?
A signpost is a verbal statement or visual cue used by the speaker to guide or engage the audience while bringing them through the various stages of a speech or presentation. Signposts can be displayed as a physical change of direction or a deliberate movement of the speaker.
Does the word gap explain the achievement gap?
The authors and subsequent researchers have posited that the word gap—or certainly the differing rates of vocabulary acquisition—partially explains the achievement gap in the United States, the persistent disparity in educational performance among subgroups of U.S. students, especially subgroups defined by socioeconomic status and race.
What are the 5 nonfiction signposts?
What Are the 5 Signposts in Reading Nonfiction?Contrasts and Contradictions.Extreme or Absolute Language.Numbers and Stats.Quoted Words.Word Gaps.
What is a word gap in English?
New Word Suggestion. the difference in the total number of words spoken to children of rich and poor families by the age of three.
What is number and stats signpost?
0:191:53Numbers & Stats - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSpecific numbers or amounts or provides statistical information like when you notice the numberMoreSpecific numbers or amounts or provides statistical information like when you notice the number inside you should stop and ask yourself why did the author use these numbers or a. Map.
What are the notice and note signposts?
NOTICE and NOTE SIGNPOSTS They provide insight into or raise questions about literacy elements such as a character, setting, conflict, and theme. Because these signposts are consistently found in a majority of books, they support students as they read a wide range of literature, and even nonfiction texts.
What is a word gap in reading?
A 'million word gap' for children who aren't read to at home: That's how many fewer words some may hear by kindergarten. Ohio State University. "A 'million word gap' for children who aren't read to at home: That's how many fewer words some may hear by kindergarten." ScienceDaily.
How do you use the word gap?
Noun The child had a gap between her two front teeth. The gap between the lead runner and the rest of the field continued to widen. The sheep got through a gap in the fence. There are unexplained gaps in his story.
What is a contrast and contradiction signpost?
Signposts- Contrast and Contradiction Signposts are designed to help readers identify key moments in literature. Contrast and Contradiction is when the character acts the opposite of what is expected. The character's behavior is opposite the way he/she has been the entire story..
What does anchor question mean?
These are the questions most fundamentally connected to the broader theoretical framework within which the tasks of class analysis are situated. Primary anchoring questions define the central criteria that the concept of class needs to fulfill in order to function within the agenda of the framework.
What is the anchor question for aha moment?
Anchor Question: Why did the Character act or feel this way? Character realizes or begins to realize something that changes his or her actions or thinking. Anchor Question: How might this change things?
What are some examples of signposts?
What signposting meansSignpost exampleMeaningAnother issue which often concerns feminists is the pay gap.The reader is reminded that you've already covered one issue, and introduces another.2 more rows
What do the 6 signposts mean?
The six signposts include Contrast and Contradiction, Words of the Wiser, Aha! Moment, Again and Again, Memory Moment, and Tough Questions. Contrast and Contradiction: This refers to when a character does something that contrasts with a reader's expectations, or contradicts an earlier act or statement.
What are signposts in writing?
Signposting means using phrases and words to guide the reader through the content of your essay/dissertation. There are two main types of signposting: introductions, conclusions and outlining main arguments/ the direction of the argument in paragraphs/opening phrases.
What is the word gap?
The Word Gap theory can be seen as part of a larger development in modern educational reform and movement: the Achievement Gap discourse. It is widely accepted and noted by scholars that ideas around individual outcome in schools varies based on various demographics. Explaining variations in achievement in schools across levels of demographics that may result in a gap in student achievement has become the primary problems public schools have to address. The Discourse is based on evidence and assumptions of why primarily poor students of color do not perform at the same levels as their more affluent White and certain Asian group counterparts—it creates language to how schools and communities can be organized more optimally to help students and schools produce more equitable and successful outcomes. The Achievement Gap also addresses a gender gap achievement, and standardized test score gaps broadly across countries, notably with standardized examinations on STEM subjects. The Discourse can also be seen as a turning away from traditional explanations of performance in school as individualistic, to the creation of cultural framework understanding to help explain what conventions hinder and produce successful students. Under performing, adequate yearly progress (AYP), highly qualified, below basic, and proficient are some terms used to mark good and bad aspects of schools, their teachers, and their students which in turn reifies the Achievement Gap theory. As a broader Discourse, it is an idea which is multimodally shared and accepted as common belief between parents, policy makers, teachers and students through various means according to James Paul Gee 's idea of Discourse in socio-linguistic analysis.
What is the Oxford word gap?
The Oxford Word Gap is used to describe the word gap found between races and socioeconomic classes in the United Kingdom. The report study "Why Closing the Word Gap Matters: Oxford Language Report" details out statistics collected in primary and secondary schools in the United Kingdom , along the same ideas as the American Word Gap idea, citing Hart and Risley (2003) in the report. It was published in 2018, so all of its implications are yet to be seen.
Why is the language gap not fair?
Johnson (2015) argues the Language Gap is not fair because it does not consider the various ways children use words and create meaning.
What factors were considered to be important in the achievement gap?
The achievement gap became an especially strong interest for study in the turn of the century, and the early 2000s when a plethora of studies looked at factors such as standardized test scores, presence in class, GPA, enrollment, and dropout rates in secondary and post-secondary education.
What was the achievement gap?
Department of Education titled "Equality of Educational Opportunity." The publication begins the onset of achievement gap by acknowledging that there is a great disparity within educational outcomes as a result of inequitable institutions, especially those that were not seen as part of the purview of schools such as cultural, socioeconomic, and linguistic realities of students at home. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) had further been used to census information that various studies used to show achievement gaps across a number of demographics. The idea of equity in education had also given rise to similar gap discourse around the world.
Who coined the term "30 million word gap"?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The term 30-million-word gap (often shortened to just word gap) was originally coined by Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley in their book Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children, and subsequently reprinted in the article "The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3". ...
Which countries have the achievement gap?
A great number of states have paid attention to Achievement Gap across hundreds of criteria including demographics, access to language and economic resources and race around the world: notably in the United Kingdom, France, South Africa as named in one comparative analysis.
Notice and Note Reading Signposts Anchor Chart BUNDLE Fiction and Nonfiction
Notice and Note Reading Signposts Classroom Display BUNDLE Fiction and Nonfiction Anchor ChartsYou will be set while reading fiction and nonfiction with these notice and note posters! The Notice and Note reading strategy is a game changer in the classroom! The "signposts" encourage higher-order thin
Nonfiction Notice & Note Signposts Doodle Notes
Engage students' whole brain while teaching this fun reading strategy! Doodle notes engage verbal and visual centers in the brain which helps students retain information longer. Notice & Note Signposts are engaging reading tools that send students on a scavenger hunt through a text to make dee
NONFICTION Notice & Note Signposts Booklet
Send students on a scavenger hunt through any nonfiction text using the engaging Notice & Note strategy! This booklet requires minimal prep. All you have to do is print, fold, and staple or tape! All five signposts are represented in the booklet: - Contrasts & Contradictions - Extreme o
Nonfiction Notice & Note Signposts DIGITAL Notebook
GOOGLE DRIVE COMPATIBLE! Send students on a scavenger hunt through ANY nonfiction text using the engaging Notice & Note strategy! This booklet requires minimal prep. All you have to do is post to your classroom website! All five signposts are represented in the DIGITAL notebook: - Contrast
Notice and Note Nonfiction Signposts
Are you using Probst and Beers Notice and Note Nonfiction signposts with your students? Go no further. This set of signposts includes word gaps, numbers and stats, contrast and contradiction, extreme or absolute language, and quoted words. This is a must have resource for you!
Notice and Note NONFICTION Reading Signposts
Nonfiction Notice and Note Signposts Bulletin Board Display Farmhouse Greenery PostersThe Notice and Note reading strategy is a game changer in the classroom! The "signposts" encourage higher-order thinking and allow for in depth class discussions.Included: -5 Notice and Note Signpost Posters- Contr
Nonfiction Notice & Note - Quoted Words
This lesson comes from the book Notice & Note- Nonfiction Close Reading Strategies by Beers & Probst. It is straight from their book but is modified in PPT format and has lesson notes at the bottom of each slide, which guide you through what to say and do with your students.What is the nonfi
Extreme or Absolute Language
"No one on this planet will be untouched by climate change, " the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change announced. The report warned that climate impacts are already 'severe, pervasive, and irreversible.'"
Now You Try
Unlike most planes, which run on jet fuel, Solar Impulse 2 doesn't create air pollution.
Overview
The term 30-million-word gap (often shortened to just word gap) was originally coined by Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley in their book Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children, and subsequently reprinted in the article "The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3". In their study of 42 Midwestern families, Hart and Risley physically recorded an hour's worth of language in each home once a month over 2½ years. Families were …
History of language gap research
Prior to the 30-million-word-gap study, extensive research had noted strong institutional variation in student success on standardized tests. The initial attention to achievement gap started with a 1966 publication from the U.S. Department of Education titled "Equality of Educational Opportunity." The publication begins the onset of achievement gap by acknowledging that there is a great disparity within educational outcomes as a result of inequitable institutions, especially th…
Criticisms
Hart and Risley's research has been criticised by scholars. Paul Nation criticises the methodology, noting that comparing the tokens (words produced) and number of types (number of different words) in unequal samples is not comparing vocabulary sizes. This is to say that the high socio-economic status samples naturally had a greater number of word types due to the greater number of tokens, because Hart and Risley extrapolated from tokens to an assumed greater number of t…
Implications
There are possible social implications to Hart and Risley's theories of the issue of the Language Gap in society. The first possible implication is that this Language Gap is affecting youth's success because they are not exposed to the same amount of vocabulary and literary skill as other kids from middle-upper classes. Hart and Risely suggest that possible solutions include interventions on how to improve vocab and literary skills for caregivers in low SES. However, the …
Additional information
The Oxford Word Gap is used to describe the word gap found between races and socioeconomic classes in the United Kingdom. The report study "Why Closing the Word Gap Matters: Oxford Language Report" details out statistics collected in primary and secondary schools in the United Kingdom, along the same ideas as the American Word Gap idea, citing Hart and Risley (2003) in the report. It was published in 2018, so all of its implications are yet to be seen.