What is meant by the continuum of chronic disease? A continuum of chronic disease prevention and care interventions corresponds to different population groupsˆpeople without disease, those at risk of disease, and people currently coping with chronic disease. These correspond to different levels of disease complexity.
What is the continuum of disease?
Through the life of a person, from birth to death, there is a “continuum” in the sequence of natural diseases, acute and chronic. When acute diseases are not properly treated and the patient has a weakened immune system, the overall health of the individual is permanently compromised.
What is the Illness-Wellness Continuum?
The illness-wellness continuum is an illustration that draws a connection between the treatment paradigm and the wellness paradigm. How does long term care fit into the healthcare continuum? Long-term care as part of the continuum.
What is a chronic disease?
Introduction Chronic diseases are diseases of long duration and generally slow progression.
What are the core elements of the continuum of chronic disease prevention?
In this way, what are the core elements of the continuum of chronic disease prevention and care? Intensive care coordination. • Care across the continuum. • Tertiary and secondary prevention. Level 1. People with chronic diseases and. complex needs who frequently use. Level 2. People with chronic diseases and. care. • Assessment and care planning.
What is a continuum of chronic disease?
A continuum of chronic disease prevention and care interventions corresponds to different population groupsˆpeople without disease, those at risk of disease, and people currently coping with chronic disease. Most importantly, a number of the major chronic diseases can be prevented or their onset delayed.
What does continuum of health mean?
1. The health continuum refers to an integrated system of health care that follows a patient through time or through a range of services. The goal of a health continuum is to offer a more comprehensive patient care.
What are the stages of chronic disease?
To capture the core psychosocial themes in the natural history of chronic disease, three major phases can be described: crisis, chronic, and terminal. The relationship between a more detailed chronic disease time-line and one grouped into broad time phases can be diagrammed as follows (see Figure 2).
What is continuum of patient care?
In health care, the continuum of care describes how health care providers follow a patient from preventive care through medical incidents, rehabilitation and maintenance. Depending on the patient, this might involve the use of acute care hospitals, ambulatory care or long-term care facilities.
What is an example of a health continuum?
Disease management programs are another example of continuum care. These programs provide healthcare services for patients who have chronic conditions, such as kidney disease, diabetes, or heart failure.Oct 4, 2021
What is an example of a continuum?
The definition of continuum is a continuous series of elements or items that vary by such tiny differences that they do not seem to differ from each other. An example of a continuum is a range of temperatures from freezing to boiling. A set having the same number of points as all the real numbers in an interval.
What does it mean to live with chronic disease?
Related Pages. Chronic diseases are defined broadly as conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both. Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are the leading causes of death and disability in the United States.
Do chronic diseases go away?
Most chronic illnesses do not fix themselves and are generally not cured completely. Some can be immediately life-threatening, such as heart disease and stroke. Others linger over time and need intensive management, such as diabetes.
What does chronic mean in medical terms?
According to Wikipedia a chronic condition is, a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months.Aug 2, 2016
What are the stages of continuum of care?
After carefully accessing each individual, they are matched with one of the five stages: Pre-Contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action and Maintenance.
What does across the continuum mean?
A continuum is something that keeps on going, changing slowly over time, like the continuum of the four seasons. In addition to meaning "a whole made up of many parts," continuum, pronounced "kon-TIN-yoo-um," can describe a range that is always present.
What are the four main stages of the continuum of care?
Stage 1—Treatment engagement.Stage 2—Early recovery.Stage 3—Maintenance.Stage 4—Community support.
What is a continuum in healthcare?
What Is the Definition of Health Continuum? The health continuum refers to an integrated system of health care that follows a patient through time or through a range of services. The goal of a health continuum is to offer a more comprehensive patient care.
What is the continuum of care for cancer patients?
The National Institutes of Health explains that for patients with chronic or life-threatening diseases, such as cancer, the continuum of care begins at diagnosis and continues through the end of life.
What is the goal of a continuum of care?
The goal of a health continuum is to offer a more comprehensive patient care. According to the National Institutes of Health, the continuum of care "describes the delivery of health care over a period of time.".
What is the continuum of life?
Through the life of a person, from birth to death, there is a “continuum” in the sequence of natural diseases, acute and chronic. When acute diseases are not properly treated and the patient has a weakened immune system, the overall health of the individual is permanently compromised.
What is the continuum of immune responses?
Chronic and acute diseases in the medical history of a person constitute a rigidly related chain of immune responses in the form of a real “continuum” that at every point in time indicates the end result of this continuum.
What are the causes of chronic diseases?
The authors view the true causes of chronic diseases as suppression of the natural instincts of the immune system.
How do diseases start?
Usually diseases begin to manifest from the very early days of life, when the environment becomes hostile to a newborn. We live in an environment in which there are disease-bearing organisms or substances which force the body to defend itself. The relation between the ability of the individual to adapt and to defend itself and the ability of the hostile organism to challenge the health of the individual will determine whether a disease process will be set in motion. For an person to start becoming ill, it is obvious that a stressor is needed, but in addition the immune system must be in a weakened state and have a sensitized predisposition towards the hostile organism. This is quite true at a first level, e.g. there may be a microbe and an organism that is susceptible to this microbe which may start a microbial infection, or there may be a chemical substance to which a sensitized organism is exposed, and this can cause the onset of an illness [16,17].
How to overcome acute phase of infection?
It is possible, instead of suppressing an infection, to help the body to overcome the acute phase in a natural way by strengthening the defenses with a remedy that produces similar symptoms to the ones of the disease. In this way we help the body to regain its equilibrium.
Why do we become ill?
Another important reason why we become ill is that illness is often the result of our own way of life, habits, eating habits, thoughts, something that breaks a law of nature. If we exceed these limits laid down by nature, we inevitably lose the balance of homeostasis.
Is there a continuum in the life of a person?
Through the life of a person, from birth to death, there is a “continuum” in the pathological conditions a person may experience. The body, as a whole, suffers deeply any time there is an acute or a chronic condition that is either maltreated or neglected.
What are the five models of chronic disease?
Five chronic disease models included Chronic Care Model (CCM), Improving Chronic Illness Care (ICIC), and Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions (ICCC), Stanford Model (SM) and Community based Transition Model (CBTM). CCM was the most studied model. Elements studied included delivery system design and self-management support (87%), clinical information system and decision support (57%) and health system organization (52%). Elements including center care on the patient and family (13%), patient safety (4%), community policies (4%), built integrated health care (4%) and remote patient monitoring (4%) have not been well studied. Other elements including support paradigm shift, manage political environment, align sectoral policies for health, use healthcare personnel more effectively, support patients in their communities, emphasize prevention, identify patient specific concerns related to the transition process, and health literacy between visits and treatments have also not been well studied in the existing literature.
What were the exclusion criteria for PubMed?
Exclusion criteria for the search terms included duplicate terms, not related to chronic diseases, had infectious disease focus, genetics studies and did not specify chronic disease model. Articles involving genetics, treatments, or biomarkers of chronic diseases were excluded as were case reports, meta-analyses, and reviews . The lists of articles retrieved were saved as text files and as saved searches within PubMed’s My NCBI feature. An overview of the search strategy is shown in Figure 1. Article lists were compiled using PubMed’s “Collections” feature in order to group all the articles and to eliminate duplicate articles.
Why was the duration of the studies recorded?
The duration of the studies was also recorded to examine the impact of the chronic models on longitudinal
How many people died from COPD in 2008?
The respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), caused 4.2 million deaths in 2008 and 90% deaths occurred in low and middle income countries (Ezzati et al., 2005). The World Health Organization estimates that there will be a significant economic impact of chronic diseases worldwide.
What is continuum of care?
The concept of Continuum of Care can be thought of as a spectrum of treatment intensity. It begins with the highest intensity needed to help jumpstart the recovery process for a given individual. For substance use, the highest level of treatment is detox, where an individual must be medically supervised as they physically endure physiological and mental withdrawal symptoms from drugs or alcohol. Residential treatment, also referred to as in-patient treatment, is considered the next level on the spectrum. Typically thought of as the “traditional 30-day rehab,” lengths of stay can actually vary from two weeks to up to a year. Even within residential treatment, one could say there is a spectrum of treatment as well.
What are the services that are interlaced within the continuum of care?
It is important to note that interlaced within the entire continuum of care are psychiatric services, including medication-assisted treatment, and community support groups , such as twelve-step programming, SMART Recovery, and other groups.
How long are outpatient services provided?
Services are provided for a few hours each day , and clients typically reduce the number of hours and number of days they receive services as they progress through treatment, until they reach what is known as a General Outpatient level of care.
Why are chronic conditions important?
Chronic conditions have often been used to describe the various health related states of the human body such as syndromes, physical impairments, disabilities as well as diseases. Epidemiologists have found interest in chronic conditions due to the fact they contribute to disease, disability, and diminished physical and/or mental capacity.
What is the difference between chronic and acute?
An acute condition typically affects one portion of the body and responds to treatment. A chronic condition on the other hand usually affects multiple areas of the body, is not fully responsive to treatment, and persists for an extended period of time. Chronic conditions may have periods of remission or relapse where the disease temporarily goes ...
How does HIV affect the epidemiology of chronic disease?
The epidemiology of chronic disease is diverse and the epidemiology of some chronic diseases can change in response to new treatments. In the treatment of HIV, the success of anti-retroviral therapies means that many patients will experience this infection as a chronic disease that for many will span several decades of their chronic life.
What are the most common chronic diseases?
Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, Lyme disease, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and some viral diseases such as hepatitis C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An illness which is lifelong because it ends in death is a terminal illness.
What is chronic toxicity?
Not to be confused with Chronic toxicity. A chronic condition is a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months. Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, ...
How effective is preventive care?
A growing body of evidence supports that prevention is effective in reducing the effect of chronic conditions; in particular, early detection results in less severe outcomes. Clinical preventive services include screening for the existence of the disease or predisposition to its development, counseling and immunizations against infectious agents. Despite their effectiveness, the utilization of preventive services is typically lower than for regular medical services. In contrast to their apparent cost in time and money, the benefits of preventive services are not directly perceived by patient because their effects are on the long term or might be greater for society as a whole than at the individual level.
How many people will be chronically ill by 2030?
The number is projected to increase by more than one percent per year by 2030, resulting in an estimated chronically ill population of 171 million . The most common chronic conditions are high blood pressure, arthritis, respiratory diseases like emphysema, and high cholesterol .
How long is a chronic condition?
The U.S. National Center for Health Statistics defines a chronic condition as one of 3 months' duration or longer. [G. chronos, time] Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012.
What is chronic fatigue syndrome?
chronic fatigue syndrome(chronic fatigue and immunodeficiency syndrome) persistent debilitating fatigue of recent onset, with reduction of physical activity to less than half of usual , accompanied by some combination of muscle weakness, sore throat, mild fever, tender lymph nodes, headaches, and depression, with the symptoms not attributable to any other known causes. Its nature is controversial; viral infection (including Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-6) may be associated with it, but no causal relationship has been demonstrated. A number of names have been used for this syndrome, including Iceland disease and benign myalgic encephalomyelitis.
What is chronic airflow limitation?
Chronic airflow limitation has the highest morbidity rate of any significant chronic pulmonary disorder in the United States and is the second most common cause of hospital admissions. It is difficult to estimate its exact incidence because most diseases of the respiratory tract are not reportable ...
What is the disease associated with granulomatous disease?
chronic granulomatous diseasechronic suppurative lymphadenitis, eczematoid dermatitis, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and chronic pulmonary disease associated with a genetically determined defect in the intracellular bactericidal function of leukocytes.
What is a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence?
Lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence, as certain diseases: chronic colitis.
What does "acute" mean in medical terms?
adjectiveReferring to a condition lasting ≥ 3 months–per US Natl Center for Health Statistics; persisting or occurring over a long period of time. Cf Acute.
Is chronic illness permanent?
Lasting for a long time. A chronic disorder may be mild or severe but will usually involve some long-term or permanent organic change in the body. From the Greek chronos , time.
