I think that it is fair to summarize the possible causes of "double placenta" this way:
- The placenta might appear to have two lobes in a singleton birth.
- The "double placenta" might result from the early loss of a twin, or from the incomplete separation of twins in an...
What causes a double placenta?
2) The "double placenta" might result from the early loss of a twin, or from the incomplete separation of twins in an apparent singleton birth of a chimeric individual. Boklage, 2006, (Human Reproduction 21: 579, link provided above) concludes:
What are the risks of having an additional placenta lobe?
As such the additional lobe does not pose any risk to fetal anomaly but there is high risk of post partum hemorrhage. Prenatal monitoring and proper management during labor will help to reduce the risk of hemorrhage. Normally there is one placental lobe attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy.
Can a placenta have two lobes?
There are various placental malformations which might have the appearance of two placentas, even though you are pregnant with a single baby. These placental differences include: Bipartite placenta (bilobed, bilobate or placenta duplex). The placenta is divided into two fairly equally sized lobes, separated by a membrane.
What is a succenturiate lobe placenta?
A succenturiate lobe is a smaller variant of the bi/tripartite placenta. This occurs in 5% of placentas. According to research, increased maternal age and IVF treatments increase the incidence of succenturiate lobes.
What does a double lobed placenta mean?
Placental Variants. Bilobed placenta (placenta bilobate, bipartite placenta, placenta duplex) is a placenta with two roughly equal-sized lobes separated by a membrane. It occurs in 2% to 8% of placentas. The umbilical cord may insert in either lobe, in velamentous fashion, or in between the lobes.
What causes a bilobed placenta?
A bilobed, multilobed, or succenturiate placenta can occur if the placenta implants in one of the following places: Over a fibroid in your uterus. Area of decreased blood supply.
What causes a double placenta?
Dizygotic or fraternal twin pregnancies almost always have two placentas. Also called "sibling" twins or "false" twins, the babies are just as unique as any other siblings. Dizygotic twins form when two separate eggs combine with two individual sperm. Each embryo develops its own placenta.
Should I be worried about bilobed placenta?
In cases of the bilobed placenta, there is no increased risk of fetal anomalies. However, this type of placental abnormality can be associated with first-trimester bleeding, polyhydramnios, placental abruption, and retained placenta.
How many lobes does a normal placenta have?
Structure of the Mature Placenta The maternal side of the placenta is dull and is subdivided into as many as 35 lobes. The grooves between lobes are occupied by placental septa, which arise from the decidua basalis and extend toward the basal plate.
What are the four abnormalities of placenta?
These placental disorders are called placenta previa, placenta accreta, placenta increta or placenta percreta.
Is having two placentas normal?
Two placentas are rare in pregnancies, including succenturiate pla- cental [1]. Two placentas with fused umbilical cord forming 3 ves- sels cord at the fetal end which has its own insertion site to each placental disc is an extremely rare case in a singleton pregnancy.
What causes placenta abnormalities?
abdominal trauma, such as from a fall or blunt trauma. maternal age, as women over the age of 40 years have a higher risk of developing placental problems. premature rupture of membranes, because the risk of placental problems increases when the amniotic sac ruptures too early.
Does 2 placentas mean 2 fathers?
The answer is yes, but only in cases in which they're fraternal, as identical twins form from a single egg/sperm combination and thus cannot have different fathers.
What are the risks of bilobed placenta?
The Bilobed placenta is associated with an increased incidence of first-trimester bleeding, placenta previa, adherent placenta, vasa previa and postpartum hemorrhage secondary to retained placenta.
What is Bicornuate?
A bicornuate uterus describes a uterus that is shaped irregularly. A bicornuate uterus is described as heart-shaped, appearing to have two sides instead of being one hollow cavity. It's rare, congenital condition that can cause complications during pregnancy.
What is the placental lobe?
Normally there is one placental lobe attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy. But sometimes an additional or accessory lobe may develop. Chorionic villi are product of conception. They are fine finger like structures that help in development of placenta and provide better surface area for maternal blood circulation to the fetus.
Why is the placenta disc shape?
This may result in development of another smaller placental lobe. The disc shape of placenta is because few chorionic villi disappear. The disc shape also helps in providing enough space inside the uterus for growing fetus. Till now researchers are not able to pinpoint any risk factors for developing accessory placenta.
What percentage of vasa previa is due to placenta?
At least 50 percent of vasa previa are due to accessory placenta. Possibility of vasa previa increases in older woman who underwent in-vitro fertilization.
What is the structure of the placenta?
One side of placenta is attached to the inner wall of uterus. The other surface is attached to the fetus through a tube like structure called umbilical cord. The umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein.
How many pregnant women have accessory placenta?
Till now researchers are not able to pinpoint any risk factors for developing accessory placenta. This condition is not common and out of 1000 pregnancy only 2 pregnant women are known to develop accessory placenta.
Why is antenatal monitoring important?
Hence antenatal detection is important as the vessels connecting the two lobes may rupture during delivery. Once detected careful monitoring is required continuously especially during the time of labor.
Can a ruptured placenta cause fetal distress?
Rupture of vessels that connect main and smaller placenta may cause fetal distress or even bleeding. There is also an increased risk of vasa previa. In vasa previa the blood vessel of fetus can get ruptured. At least 50 percent of vasa previa are due to accessory placenta.
What is a placenta?
The placenta is an amazingly complex organ that develops inside the uterus as your pregnancy progresses. It is the only organ of the body that grows within another organ.
What are the differences between placentas?
These placental differences include: 1 Bipartite placenta (bilobed, bilobate or placenta duplex). The placenta is divided into two fairly equally sized lobes, separated by a membrane. This can sometimes be detected on ultrasound and can be mistaken for two placentas. It occurs in 2-8% of placentas. The umbilical cord might be inserted into either lobe, or between the lobes. There doesn’t appear to be any increased risk of fetal abnormalities with a bipartite placenta. However, it is associated with an increased risk of first trimester bleeding, polyhydramnios (too much amniotic fluid around the baby), abruption, and retained placenta. 2 Tripartite placenta (multipartite or multilobed placenta). This is the same as a bipartite placenta, but with three similar sized or equal lobes. 3 Succenturiate lobe (‘accessory’ or supernumerary placenta). One or more ‘accessory lobes’ develop in the membrane, separate from the main placenta. The lobes are linked by a vessel to the main placenta. A succenturiate lobe is a smaller variant of the bi/tripartite placenta. This occurs in 5% of placentas. According to research, increased maternal age and IVF treatments increase the incidence of succenturiate lobes. The succenturiate placenta can cause complications, including an increased risk of having a retained placenta, leading to excessive bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage.
Do identical twins have one or two placentas?
Identical twins may share the same placenta, or can have two placentas that are separate. This depends on how early in the developmental process the single fertilised egg split into two.
What is the term for twins that are identical?
Identical or monozygotic twins. This is when one egg is fertilised and then splits into two (or more) to create two identical babies. Identical twins carry the same genetic material, and are always the same sex. One third of all twins will be identical.
What is the placenta and umbilical cord?
Your baby needs a constant supply of nutrients, oxygen, water and antibodies (along with many other things). All of these are delivered directly to your baby via the placenta and umbilical cord. The placenta works as a two-way system.
Why does my heart grow bigger?
Your heart actually grows bigger in response to more blood being pumped around your body.
Can you have more than one placenta?
It’s possible for more than one placenta to form – for example, if you are pregnant with twins or triplets. This is the most common reason to have two placentas in pregnancy. Multiple pregnancies are becoming more common due to the increase in fertility treatments and because women are having babies later in life.
What is bilobed placenta?
A bilobed placenta also referred to as bipartite placenta, is a variation in placental morphology and refers to a placenta separated into two near equal-sized lobes. If more than two lobes are present, it is termed a trilobed, four-lobed and so on. If the second lobe is smaller than the main lobe (with the umbilical cord insertion), ...
What is an antenatal ultrasound?
Antenatal ultrasound. May be sonographically seen as two separate placental discs of nearly equal size. The cord usually attaches to a thin connecting rim of chorionic tissue which bridges the two lobes. Less commonly the cord may insert into one of the lobes.
What is the cause of a placenta to double back?
In circumvallate placenta, the chorionic plate, which is the part of the placenta that’s on the fetal side, is too small. That causes the membranes to double back on the fetal side and around the edges. The condition can be detected by ultrasound and is usually diagnosed around the 20 th week of pregnancy. However, diagnosis during pregnancy can be ...
What is the term for a condition where the placenta separates from the uterine lining too?
This is where the placenta separates from the uterine lining too soon. It causes significant bleeding that puts the mother at risk. Oligohydramnios. This condition is used to refer to a decreased amount of amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid helps cushions the baby.
What causes a baby to grow slower?
There aren’t really any signs or symptoms of circumvallate placenta. The condition can cause a reduced supply of blood and nutrients to the fetus. This might cause your baby to grow at a slower rate than expected. However, there are many possible causes for delayed fetal growth, or growth retardation, including: 1 chronic diseases in the mother, such as chronic kidney disease or diabetes 2 chromosome abnormalities in the baby 3 being pregnant with multiple babies at the same time 4 infection in the mother
When is circhellate placenta diagnosed?
The condition can be detected by ultrasound and is usually diagnosed around the 20 th week of pregnancy. However, diagnosis during pregnancy can be difficult and the condition is often not detected until the placenta is examined following delivery. Circumvallate placenta is extremely rare, occurring in around 1 to 7 percent of pregnancies.
Why is my baby growing slower than expected?
The condition can cause a reduced supply of blood and nutrients to the fetus. This might cause your baby to grow at a slower rate than expected. However, there are many possible causes for delayed fetal growth, or growth retardation, including: chronic diseases in the mother, such as chronic kidney disease or diabetes.
Can a woman with a circumvallate placenta carry to term?
However, it’s also possible for women with circumvallate placenta to carry to term and have vaginal deliveries. A diagnosis of circumvallate placenta will mean that your doctors will want to monitor your baby far more closely to make sure they’re doing well.
What are the diseases that are caused by the mother?
chronic diseases in the mother, such as chronic kidney disease or diabetes
What is the succenturiate lobe?
Frequently Asked Questions. A succenturiate (accessory) lobe is a second or third placental lobe that is much smaller than the largest lobe. Unlike bipartite lobes, the smaller succenturiate lobe often has areas of infarction or atrophy.
Can the extra lobe be retained after delivery?
The membranes between the lobes in such placenta can be torn during delivery, and the extra lobe can be retained after rest of the placenta has been delivered, with consequent postpartum bleeding. The picture above is a so-called "accessory lobe" or succenturiate lobe of placenta.
