Yokuts lived in cone shaped homes and half circle shaped houses. The Yokuts also built Ramada. A Ramada had a roof made of brush, but no walls. It provides shade while the Yokuts people work. Every Yokut village has a sweat house. Each sweat house is about 18 ft. across and 8 ft. tall. The Yokuts built their houses out of tule.
What kind of houses did the Yokuts live in?
The Yokuts occupied permanent residences for most of the year, a pattern that stemmed from the abundance and diversity of the plant and animal resources in their environment. Both the Northern Valley and Southern Valley subtribes made use of oval-shaped single-family dwellings constructed of a wooden pole frame covered with tule mats.
What is the difference between Yokuts houses and sweat houses?
Each sweat house is about 18 ft. across and 8 ft. tall. The Yokuts built their houses out of tule. The houses where about 12 in. (30 cm.) deep and (5 m.) across. The Yokuts built their half circle houses out of tule mats.
What are the different types of Yokuts?
The groups classified under the name "Yokuts" include some forty to fifty subtribes which are usually distinguished by three main cultural and geographical divisions, the Northern Valley Yokuts, the Southern Valley Yokuts, and the Foothills Yokuts. The name "Yokuts" derives from a term in several of the Yokuts dialects that means "people."
Where did the Yokuts originally come from?
Yokuts, also called Mariposan, North American Indians speaking a Penutian language and who historically inhabited the San Joaquin Valley and the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada south of the Fresno River in what is now California, U.S.
What is Yokut shelter?
The most characteristic Yokuts dwelling was the mat-covered communal house inhabited by 10 families or more. In addition, they erected flat roofs on poles for shade. Clothing was simple: men wore loincloths or went naked, and women wore fringed aprons front and back.
What were Yokut houses made of?
woven tule grassFor example, Yokuts houses, some hundreds of feet long and housing several families, were basically long tents made of woven tule grass. Poles with v-shaped forks on top were set upright in the ground in straight lines at intervals of 8 to 10 feet.
How were the Yokuts organized?
Government The Yokuts were organized into about 50 named tribelets, each with its own semipermanent villages, territory, and dialect. Each tribelet also had several hereditary chiefs (often at least one per village, usually from among the Eagle lineage).
What did the Yokut eat?
acornsTheir main food was acorns. The Yokuts also ate wild plants, roots, and berries. They hunted deer, rabbits, prairie dogs, and other small mammals and birds. They made simple clothing out of bark and grass.
What houses did the Yokut tribe live in?
The Yokuts lived in permanent houses most of the year, leaving only in the summer for trips to gather food. Their houses were of several types. Single families made houses that were oval shaped, framed with side poles tied to a central ridge pole and covered with tule mats.
How do you spell Yokuts?
noun, plural Yo·kuts for 1. a member of a North American Indian group of small tribes speaking related dialects and occupying the San Joaquin Valley of California and the adjoining eastern foothill regions. Nearly all the Valley Yokuts are extinct; some foothill groups remain.
How do you pronounce Yokuts?
Phonetic spelling of Yokuts. Yok-uts. yokut-s. Monte Upton.Meanings for Yokuts. a member of the North American Indian people of the San Joaquin Valley. Madyson Gutmann.Synonyms for Yokuts. Mariposan. Alexis. Penutian. Ervin Kuvalis.
What were the Yokuts natural resources?
Among the variety of goods traded by the Yokuts were fish, dog pups, salt, seeds, and tanned antelope and deer hides. In return they received acorns, stone mortars and pestles, obsidian, rabbit-skin blankets, marine shells, shell beads, and dried sea urchins and starfish.
Who was the leader of the Yokut tribe?
EstanislaoEstanislao ( c. 1798 – 1838) was an indigenous alcalde of Mission San José and a member and leader of the Lakisamni tribe of the Yokuts people of northern California. He is famous for leading bands of armed Native Americans in revolt against the Mexican government and Mission establishments.
What weapons did the Yokuts use?
Weapons. The bow among the Yokuts took two forms, the self bow and the sinew-backed bow, both made of mountain cedar. ... Houses. Apparently several types of shelters were built by the hill Yokuts adjoining Sequoia Park. ... Clothing. Yokuts men wrapped a deer skin around their loins or went naked.
Where did the Yokuts get water?
For many Yokuts in the southern part of the territory, Tulare Lake was an essential part of life. They believed that the water from the lake was the source of all life. The lake provided food and materials for shelter, baskets, and canoes.
What language did the Yokuts speak?
Yokuts, formerly known as Mariposa, is an endangered language spoken in the interior of Northern and Central California in and around the San Joaquin Valley by the Yokuts people. The speakers of Yokuts were severely affected by disease, missionaries, and the Gold Rush.
What are the Yokuts?
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Yokuts, also called Mariposan, North American Indians speaking a Penutian language and who historically inhabited ...
Where did the Yokuts live?
Yokuts, also called Mariposan, North American Indians speaking a Penutian language and who historically inhabited the San Joaquin Valley and the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada south of the Fresno River in what is now California, U.S.
What did the Yokuts do before colonization?
Before colonization, Yokuts culture shared many features with those of other California Indians. They gathered plant foods such as seeds and roots and used elaborate systems to snare deer and hunt antelope and elk.
What was the most characteristic of Yokuts?
The most characteristic Yokuts dwelling was the mat-covered communal house inhabited by 10 families or more. In addition, they erected flat roofs on poles for shade. Clothing was simple: men wore loincloths or went naked, and women wore fringed aprons front and back.
What was the significance of Shamanism in Yokuts?
Shamanism was also important in Yokuts religion. Ceremonies, including one to prevent rattlesnake bites, were performed by shamans— medicine men who also participated in intertribal contests of sacred and healing powers. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now.
What was the Yokut Tribe good at?
Salt was a principal seasoning and came from salt grass which grew in swampy areas and was threshed from the grass as it dried. Perhaps the Yokuts Indians are best known for the beautiful baskets which they created and which are highly prized by collectors today.
What does yokut mean?
noun, plural Yo·kuts for 1. a member of a North American Indian group of small tribes speaking related dialects and occupying the San Joaquin Valley of California and the adjoining eastern foothill regions. Nearly all the Valley Yokuts are extinct; some foothill groups remain.
How did the Yokuts cook their food?
Acorns were a saple food for the Yokuts. Yokuts roasted the acorns and ground them into flour. ate pine nuts, and wild oats, manzanita, berries, and acorns were gathered through fall. Deer skin was used as blankets, warm clothes, and their tendon were used to make tools and weapons.
What are the Yokuts houses called?
According to Evelyn Wolfson: "A species of bullrush, called tule, filled the marshland and supplied the Yokut with material for covering their houses, making clothes, and weaving baskets. They built rows of round, steep-roofed houses which they framed with posts and covered with tule mats.
What kind of food did the Yokuts eat?
The Yokuts ate a great variety of food. They had fish, birds, elk, deer, antelope, rabbit, grasses, nuts, berries, and seeds of all kinds. The seeds, nuts, and berries were gathered during spring and summer.
What tools did the Yokuts use?
Yurok hunters used bows and arrows. Yurok fishermen used spears, nets, and wooden fish traps.
What are the names of the Native American tribes who lived in the Central Valley?
The Valley Indians, including the tribes called the Maidu, Miwok, and the Yukots, survived using the natural resources they could find in Central Valley. They lived in the valley and in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
What type of dwellings did the Yokuts use?
Both the Northern Valley and Southern Valley subtribes made use of oval-shaped single-family dwellings constructed of a wooden pole frame covered with tule mats. The Southern Valley Yokuts also used similar, but larger dwellings that housed as many as ten families.
What are the Yokuts?
The groups classified under the name "Yokuts" include some forty to fifty subtribes which are usually distinguished by three main cultural and geographical divisions, the Northern Valley Yokuts, the Southern Valley Yokuts, and the Foothills Yokuts. The name "Yokuts" derives from a term in several of the Yokuts dialects that means "people.".
What language family did the Yokuts belong to?
Linguistic Affiliation. Each of the Yokuts subtribes had its own dialect, all of which belong to the California Penutian language family. In the mid-1970s only a few of the many Yokuts dialects were still being spoken.
What were the main activities of the Yokuts?
The traditional subsistence activities of the Yokuts varied from region to region but in all instances emphasized fishing, hunting, and gathering . Among the Northern Valley Yokuts the major food staples were salmon, taken in great numbers with nets and spears during fall spawning runs, and acorns, gathered in significant quantities in the late spring or early summer and fall. The hunting of waterfowl, such as geese and ducks, was also of major importance. The subsistence pattern of the Southern Valley Yokuts focused on lake and river fishing with nets, basket traps, and spears, hunting waterfowl from tule rafts, and gathering shellfish and tule roots. The Foothills Yokuts emphasized hunting deer by means of stalking, ambush, and collective drive techniques, trapping and shooting quail, and gathering acorns; fishing, employing spears, weirs, and poisons, supplemented this pattern during certain times of the year. The descendants of the Yokuts living on the Tule River Reservation now find employment in lumbering and farm and ranch work and derive some income from the lease of grazing lands and timber tracts. Yokuts living on the Santa Rosa Rancheria are less fortunate, with many unable to find anything more than seasonal employment as migrant workers.
What were the goods that the Yokuts traded?
Among the variety of goods traded by the Yokuts were fish, dog pups, salt, seeds, and tanned antelope and deer hides. In return they received acorns, stone mortars and pestles, obsidian, rabbit-skin blankets, marine shells, shell beads, and dried sea urchins and starfish. Division of Labor.
Why were the Yokuts lost?
Early in the nineteenth century many of the Northern Valley Yokuts were drawn into the Spanish mission system, and large numbers were lost to the combination of disease and cultural breakdown that was characteristic of the Spanish mission experience.
When did the Yokuts first come to the San Joaquin Valley?
Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of small hunter-gatherer bands in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley dating to at least eight thousand years ago . The aboriginal neighbors of the Yokuts included the Miwok to the north, the Costanoans, Salinans, and Chumash to the west, the Kitanemuk to the south, and the Tubatulabal and Monache to the east. The Southern Valley Yokuts first encountered Europeans in 1772 when Spanish missionaries penetrated the region. Owing to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the region, however, both they and the Foothills Yokuts were spared intensive contact until the 1820s when Mexican settlers began to invade the area. The early contact experience of the Northern Valley Yokuts was quite different. Early in the nineteenth century many of the Northern Valley Yokuts were drawn into the Spanish mission system, and large numbers were lost to the combination of disease and cultural breakdown that was characteristic of the Spanish mission experience. Following the discovery of gold in California in 1848, White settlers flooded into the San Joaquin Valley and carried out a ruthless campaign to drive the Yokuts off their land. In 1851 the remaining Yokuts groups ceded their lands to the United States, and after resistance by Californians was overcome, a reservation system was eventually established for them. The demoralizing conditions suffered by the Yokuts gave way in 1870 to widespread but short-lived participation in the Ghost Dance. The Ghost Dance promised the return of dead relatives, freedom from sickness and death, peace and prosperity, and the disappearance of Whites. By 1875 interest in the Ghost Dance had died after the new world envisioned by the cult failed to materialize. Today the descendants of the Yokuts live on the Tule River Reservation near Porterville, California, established in 1873, and the Santa Rosa Rancheria near Lemoore, California, established in 1921.
Where did the Yokut live?
The Yokut lived in California in the San Joaquin Valley and along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. According to Evelyn Wolfson: "A species of bullrush, called tule, filled the marshland and supplied the Yokut with material for covering their houses, making clothes, and weaving baskets. The rich food resources of the area allowed them to build large, permanent villages near the water. They built rows of round, steep-roofed houses which they framed with posts and covered with tule mats. Up to ten families lived in each house."
Did the Yokut kill rattlesnakes?
The Yokut used to set fire to the underbrush and then were able to collect great quantities of grasshoppers and caterpillars already roasted. However, they never killed rattlesnakes because they considered them sacred. According to Stephen Powers: "The coyote also moved among them with perfect impunity, for he is revered as the creator of the universe."
