Describe the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake. (4 marks) Primary effects of an eartquake can include the ground shaking, buildings collapsing, and the ground splitting. Secondary effects may include subsidance
Subsidence
Subsidence is the motion of a surface (usually, the Earth's surface) as it shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. The opposite of subsidence is uplift, which results in an increase in elevation. Ground subsidence is of concern to geologists, geotechnical engineers and surveyors.
Full Answer
What are 5 causes and effects of earthquakes?
Effects of an Earthquake. Land shaking, surface faulting, ground collapse, and, less frequently, tsunamis are all consequences of earthquakes. Earthquakes can lead to: Death of humans and animals; Buildings, lakes, and bridges have all been destroyed. Landslides and Floods, Tsunamis. Protection Against Earthquake. Earthquakes are unpredictable.
What are some good and bad effects of earthquakes?
What are the Effects of Earthquakes?
- Ground Shaking. Ground shaking is a term used to describe the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. ...
- Surface Faulting. Surface faulting is the differential movement of the two sides of a fracture at the Earth's surface and can be strike-slip , normal, and reverse (or thrust ).
- Ground Failure. ...
- Tsunamis. ...
What are the positive and negative effects of earthquakes?
What Are The Positive And Negative Effects Of Earthquakes? Earthquakes. The negative effects.it destroys our families,many people died due to it.the positive effects are very... What Are The Positive Effects Of Population Growth? Society & Politics. The total amount of human intelligence and inventiveness in the world is greater with more people. More...
What are secondary hazards of an earthquake?
This is where the secondary hazards in. The secondary hazards of an earthquake are the short-term effects of the earthquake, things such as fires caused by gas pipes and electrocution caused by downed power lines.
What are the secondary effects of earthquakes?
Hospitals may not operate at full capacity, and the spread of disease from within the hospital can be a concern. 4. Lack of Resources . Following the earthquake, a secondary effect is the lack of resources available. Water lines might be broken, fresh food might not be available nearby.
What are the effects of an earthquake?
1. Destruction of Nature and Property. Due to the shaking and rupturing of the ground from an earthquake, primary effects include buildings and surrounding nature being destroyed. Depending on the development of the affected area, the damage can be catastrophic. Buildings can fall, bridges can collapse, fires can start along with avalanches ...
Why is earthquake engineering important?
Earthquake engineering is important in cities that have a high risk of earthquakes. Buildings can be retrofitted and developed to have a better chance of withstanding an earthquake. Engineers consider the potential seismic performance of a building.
Why are people injured in earthquakes so difficult to find medical care?
Injured people may have a difficult time finding medical care because of the primary destruction. Initial casualties are a primary effect of earthquakes. Injured people may have a difficult time finding medical care because of the primary destruction. Disease is a secondary effect of earthquakes.
Why is water not available during an earthquake?
Disease is a secondary effect of earthquakes. Because water lines may have been broken, fresh water might not be available. Injured people who cannot get immediate medical attention could find that their injuries have become infected. Corpses can infect the available water.
Can an earthquake kill thousands?
In a sparsely populated area, a large earthquake might not cause many casualties. In a big city, even a relatively small earthquake could kill thousands. While the primary effects are dangerous and deadly, the secondary effects, especially if help is not available or adequate can be much worse. Though thousands died in the earthquake in Haiti in ...
How do earthquakes affect people?
Earthquakes can destroy settlements and kill many people. Aftershocks can cause even more damage to an area. It is possible to classify the impacts of an earthquake, by taking the following factors into account: 1 short-term (immediate) impacts 2 long-term impacts 3 social impacts (the impact on people) 4 economic impacts (the impact on the wealth of an area) 5 environmental impacts (the impact on the landscape)
What causes earthquakes?
Earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of the Earth's plates. Discover how to measure the strength of an earthquake and the effects that major earthquakes have had. Part of. Geography.
How do aftershocks affect the Earth?
Aftershocks can cause even more damage to an area. It is possible to classify the impacts of an earthquake, by taking the following factors into account: People may be killed or injured. Homes may be destroyed. Transport and communication links may be disrupted.
What happens when an earthquake happens?
Some are even more dangerous than the earthquake itself. Secondary hazards can also affect neighbouring countries of the country that experienced the earthquake.#N#Secondary hazards include tsunamis, fires and seiches.#N#A tsunami is a series of waves. It floods everything in their way. Tsunamis can injure or kill many people and cause significant damage to buildings and other structures. It also causes flooding.
What are the primary hazards of the Earth?
Primary hazards include ground shaking, landslides (a downward sliding of a dry mass of the earth either from mountains or cliffs), liquefaction (when the soil is reduced to a liquid) and surface rupture (breaking of the surface along a fault).
How do earthquakes start fires?
Fires can be started by broken gas lines and power lines, or tipped over wood or coal stoves, as a result of the earthquake. For example, after the Great San Francisco Earthquake in 1906, the city burned for three days. Most of the city was destroyed and 250,000 people were left homeless. Seiches are like small tsunamis.
What are secondary hazards?
Secondary hazards include tsunamis, fires and seiches. A tsunami is a series of waves. It floods everything in their way. Tsunamis can injure or kill many people and cause significant damage to buildings and other structures. It also causes flooding. - A tsunami hitting Sendai, Japan in 2011. - An aerial shot of a tsunami ...
What causes ground shaking?
Ground shaking causes building walls to crumble, causing injury to people, blocking sidewalks and streets and shutting off electricity. - Ground shaking. Liquefaction is when soil and groundwater mixes. The ground becomes very soft, similar to quicksand. It can cause the foundations and supports of buildings, bridges, pipelines, ...
What happens when the ground is liquefied?
When liquefaction occurs, the strength of the soil decreases and the ability to support foundations for buildings and bridges is reduced.
Why is it better to build on bedrock or soil?
This is why it is always a better idea to build on bedrocks rather than soil. If it is necessary, then improve the soil and its strength. Landslides, especially in water saturated soils, causes falling rocks and debris that provide injury to people, buildings, vehicles and block roads.
