What are the chemical and biological properties of caffeine?
| Density and phase | 1.2 g/cm³, solid |
| Other solvents | Soluble in ethyl acetate, chloroform, py ... |
| Melting Point | 237 °C |
| Boiling point | 178 °C (sublimes) |
| Acidity (pKa | 10.4 (40 °C) |
What are six examples of chemical properties?
- Density
- Dielectric constant
- Ductility
- Distribution
- Efficacy
- Electric charge
- Electrical conductivity
- electrical impedance
- Electrical resistivity
- Electric field
What chemicals are in caffeine?
Caffeine (C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2) is the common name for trimethylxanthine (systematic name is 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione).The chemical is also known as coffeine, theine, mateine, guaranine, or methyltheobromine.
What are the physical properties of caffeine?
- Paraxanthine (84%) Has the effect of increasing lipolysis, leading to elevated glycerol and free fatty acid levels in the blood plasma.
- Theobromine (12%) Dilates blood vessels and increases urine volume. ...
- Theophylline (4%) Relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi, and is used to treat asthma. ...
What are the chemical compounds of caffeine?
chemical compound of caffeine. 7-trimethylxanthine or 3, classification, here’s a brief overview of what’s been going on in the world of chemistry this week, an organic solvent, Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) was used, 4 Nitrogen atom (s) and 2 Oxygen atom (s),3,7-dihydro-1, Caffeine. Molecular formula: C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2.
What are the chemical properties of caffeine?
Caffeine, also known by the name IUPAC name 1, 3, 7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione, has a chemical formula C8H10N4O2....Physical Properties of Caffeine.Caffeine Physical PropertiesNameCaffeineDensity1.23 g/cm³Molar Mass194.19 g/molSolubility in WaterSlightly Soluble5 more rows
What are the biological properties of caffeine?
Caffeine is an alkaloid in the xanthine family. When pure, it is an odorless white solid of m.p. 234–236 °C partially soluble in water (100 mM). As is known, caffeine has a stimulating effect and is found in plants such as coffee or tea.
What is caffeine describe its physical and chemical properties?
Physical properties: Caffeine is a white, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid. Caffeine tastes bitter and the density is 1.23 g mL-1 and its melting point is 235 ºC and at higher temperatures, it decomposes. It is soluble in water. Chemical properties: Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant.
What is the chemical composition of caffeine?
C8H10N4O2Caffeine / FormulaChemical Composition of Caffeine The compound caffeine comprises carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. It is made up of eight carbons, ten hydrogens, four nitrogens, and two oxygen atoms. The chemical formula of caffeine is C8H10N4O2 C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 .
How does caffeine affect the body chemically?
Caffeine is a stimulant. In the brain, it blocks the effects of a chemical called adenosine, which makes you feel sleepy. You then feel more alert and energetic, which is why many people drink coffee or tea to stay awake. Caffeine may keep you awake even if you don't want it to.
What is the chemical structure of caffeine of tea leaves?
Caffeine's chemical name is 3,7-dihydro-1, 3, 7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione. It is also known as theine, methyl theobromine, and 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine. Its molecular formula is C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2• H 2 O and it consists of bicyclic molecules derived from the purine ring system.
What is caffeine biology?
Caffeine. (Science: chemical) a xanthine derivative that elevates camp levels in cells by inhibiting phosphodiesterases. A bitter alkaloid found in coffee and tea that is responsible for their stimulating effects. Caffeine is a diuretic that stimulates the central nervous system, and can be found in cocoa beans.
What is caffeine chemically speaking?
Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant, an EC 3.1.
What are the physical and chemical properties of caffeine?
Simply so, what are the chemical and biological properties of caffeine? Physical properties: Caffeine is a white, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid. Caffeine tastes bitter and the density is 1.23 g mL-1 and its melting point is 235 ºC and at higher temperatures, it decomposes. It is soluble in water.
What are the three molecules that make up caffeine?
When caffeine gets to the liver, it is broken down into three molecules: paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline . These three molecules are structural isomers of each other, which means that they have the same chemical formula (C7H8N4O2), but are connected differently and have different three-dimensional shapes.
What are some examples of chemical properties?
Examples of chemical properties include flammability, toxicity, chemical stability, and heat of combustion. Similar Asks.
Is caffeine a diuretic?
In its pure form, caffeine is a white crystalline powder that tastes very bitter. It is medically useful to stimulate the heart and also serves as a mild diuretic, increasing urine production to flush fluid out of the body.
Is caffeine soluble in alcohol?
Soluble in ethyl acetate, chloroform, pyrimidine, pyrrole, tetrahydrofuran solution; moderately soluble in alcohol, a cetone; slightly soluble in petroleum ether, ether, benzene. Simply so, what are the chemical and biological properties of caffeine? Physical properties: Caffeine is a white, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid.
Why do plants produce caffeine?
Plants produce caffeine to deter pests and to prevent nearby seeds from germinating. Caffeine is the most widely used drug in the world. Here is a collection of interesting facts about caffeine: The molecule was first isolated by the German chemist Friedrich Ferdinand Runge in 1819. In plants, caffeine acts as a natural pesticide.
How much caffeine is in a cup of coffee?
A normal dose of caffeine is generally considered to be 100 mg, which is roughly the amount found in a cup of coffee or tea.
How much coffee can you drink to get rid of caffeine?
The lethal ingested dose for an adult person is estimated to be 13-19 grams. In other words, a person would need to drink between 50 and 100 cups of coffee to reach the lethal dose.
Does caffeine affect concentration?
Caffeine also increases levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Caffeine is quickly and completely removed from the brain. Its effects are short-lived and it tends not to negatively affect concentration or higher brain functions. However, continued exposure to caffeine leads to developing a tolerance to it.
Is it safe to drink coffee with pets?
However, a tablespoon-sized amount of pure caffeine would be deadly. While generally considered safe for people, caffeine can be very toxic to household pets, such as dogs, horses, or parrots. Caffeine intake has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of type II diabetes mellitus.
Does caffeine increase blood pressure?
The stimulated nerve cells release the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline), which increases heart rate, blood pressure , and blood flow to muscles, decreases blood flow to the skin and organs, and causes the liver to release glucose. Caffeine also increases levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Does caffeine kill insects?
In plants, caffeine acts as a natural pesticide. It paralyzes and kills insects that attempt to feed on the plants. Caffeine also limits germination of seeds near the plant that could grow to compete for resources. When purified, caffeine is an intensely bitter white crystalline powder.
How much caffeine is in coffee?
In general, one serving of coffee ranges from 80 to 100 milligrams, for a single shot (30 milliliters) of arabica-variety espresso, to approximately 100–125 milligrams for a cup (120 milliliters) of drip coffee. Arabica coffee typically contains half the caffeine of the robusta variety. In general, dark-roast coffee has very slightly less caffeine than lighter roasts because the roasting process reduces caffeine content of the bean by a small amount.
What is the effect of caffeine on the nervous system?
Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptors and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system .
How much caffeine is consumed in the world?
Global consumption of caffeine has been estimated at 120,000 tonnes per year, making it the world's most popular psychoactive substance. This amounts to one serving of a caffeinated beverage for every person every day. The consumption of caffeine has remained stable between 1997 and 2015. Coffee, tea and soft drinks are the most important caffeine sources, with energy drinks contributing little to the total caffeine intake across all age groups.
How much caffeine should a child drink?
There is no evidence that coffee stunts a child's growth. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that caffeine consumption is not appropriate for children and adolescents and should be avoided. This recommendation is based on a clinical report released by American Academy of Pediatrics in 2011 with a review of 45 publications from 1994 to 2011 and includes inputs from various stakeholders (Pediatricians, Committee on nutrition, Canadian Pediatric Society, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Food and Drug Administration, Sports Medicine & Fitness committee, National Federations of High School Associations). For children age 12 and under, Health Canada recommends a maximum daily caffeine intake of no more than 2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. Based on average body weights of children, this translates to the following age-based intake limits:
How does caffeine affect memory?
At normal doses, caffeine has variable effects on learning and memory, but it generally improves reaction time, wakefulness, concentration, and motor coordination. The amount of caffeine needed to produce these effects varies from person to person, depending on body size and degree of tolerance. The desired effects arise approximately one hour after consumption, and the desired effects of a moderate dose usually subside after about three or four hours.
Why is coffee banned?
Because it was recognized that coffee contained some compound that acted as a stimulant, first coffee and later also caffeine has sometimes been subject to regulation. For example, in the 16th century Islamists in Mecca and in the Ottoman Empire made coffee illegal for some classes. Charles II of England tried to ban it in 1676, Frederick II of Prussia banned it in 1777, and coffee was banned in Sweden at various times between 1756 and 1823.
What are the sources of caffeine?
Common sources are the "beans" (seeds) of the two cultivated coffee plants, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (the quantity varies, but 1.3% is a typical value); and of the cocoa plant, Theobroma cacao; the leaves of the tea plant; and kola nuts. Other sources include the leaves of yaupon holly, South American holly yerba mate, and Amazonian holly guayusa; and seeds from Amazonian maple guarana berries. Temperate climates around the world have produced unrelated caffeine-containing plants.
What is the chemical formula for caffeine?
It is also part of the much-extended drink coffee and is a very popular stimulant. The caffeine chemical formula is C. 8. H.
What is the source of caffeine?
The world's primary source of caffeine is the coffee berry , from which coffee is brewed. The caffeine content in coffee varies widely depending on the type of coffee bean and the method of preparation used. Generally, dark-roast coffee has less caffeine than lighter roasts because the roasting process reduces the bean's caffeine content.
How much caffeine is in tea leaves?
It is calculated that tea or coffee leaves contain a maximum of five% of caffeine. The caffeine is isolated by extraction using organic solvents and through the process of a high-pressure extraction, it's obtained a maximum possible quantity of caffeine.
How is caffeine extracted?
To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, through a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, like coffee, tea, and cola, are consumed globally in high volumes. In 2020, almost 10 million tonnes ...
Where is caffeine found?
Caffeine Structure and Chemical Formula. Caffeine is a methylxanthine alkaloid that is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia. These are structurally related to adenosine and act primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist with psychotropic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Is caffeine a stimulant?
Conclusion. Caffeine may be a stimulant of the central nervous system of the methylxan thine class. It is the world's most generally consumed mind-altering drug. There are several known mechanisms of action to elucidate the consequences of caffeine.
Can caffeine cause heart problems?
Caffeine when taken orally in very high doses can cause health issues because it can cause irregular heartbeats and even death. Products with very concentrated or pure caffeine have a high risk of getting used in doses that are too high. So, one should avoid using these products.
How does caffeine affect the cardiovascular system?
At least four mechanisms have been proposed for the pro-arrhythmic potential of caffeine in overdose. First, caffeine increases circulating catecholamines. Second, caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase. Increased circulating catecholamines after caffeine overdose increase β1-receptor stimulation. Stimulation of β1-receptors increases intracellular cAMP by G protein stimulation of adenylate cyclase. The activity of cAMP is prolonged due to its decreased metabolism as phosphodiesterase is inhibited by caffeine. Subsequently, β1-receptor effects are exaggerated and tachydysrhythmias are induced. Third, caffeine increases myocardial intracellular calcium. Caffeine both induces release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and blocks calcium's reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This resulting increase in cytosolic calcium may provoke dysrhythmias. Fourth, caffeine blocks cardiac adenosine receptors, which have been shown to be antiarrhythmic.
Where does caffeine come from in the fetus?
Caffeine molecules freely cross biological barriers, reaching the fetus during the entire gestation and can be found in breast milk, reaching breast-fed neonates. The exposure of fetus to caffeine and its metabolites depends on maternal caffeine metabolism, which shows marked genetic and environmental variation.
When did caffeine spread?
Regular human consumption of caffeine spread quickly following the European colonization in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, which allowed widespread distribution across different regions of the world ( Heckman et al., 2010 ).
How many cups of coffee are consumed in the world?
It has been estimated that approximately 2.25 billion cups of coffee, the major source of dietary caffeine, are served every day, and that more than 80% of the world’s population consume at least one caffeine-containing beverage on a daily basis (Heckman et al., 2010 ).
Does caffeine cause hypotension?
Fourth, caffeine blocks cardiac adenosine receptors, which have been shown to be antiarrhythmic. The hypotension that has been noted with overdoses of caffeine is due primarily to two mechanisms. First, caffeine-induced tachydysrhythmias lead to inadequate filling of the heart and subsequent decrease in cardiac output.
Does caffeine cause sleepiness?
Some caffeine users may present with caffeine-induced hypersomnia with daytime sleepiness due to withdrawal symptoms. Sleep disturbances secondary to caffeine may increase in severity as caffeine dose increases and proximity to caffeine administration at bedtime decreases.
Does caffeine affect sleep?
Caffeine reduces total sleep time and limits latency to sleep onset, most probably by blocking the sleep promoting effects of adenosine. In addition, caffeine decreases stage 3–4 sleep and suppresses EEG slow wave activity during sleep. The sleep-disrupting effects of caffeine are well documented even at low doses (e.g., one cup of coffee).
