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what allows two or more atoms to be held together

by Katheryn Brown IV Published 3 years ago Updated 3 years ago

When atoms combine by forming covalent bonds, the resulting collection of atoms is called a molecule. We can therefore say that a molecule is the simplest unit of a covalent compound.

Full Answer

What holds atoms together?

Home › Science › What Holds Atoms Together? What Holds Atoms Together? The forces that hold atoms together are the electrical force and the strong force, which is stronger than the electrical force.

How can you bind more than two atoms together?

It turns out that you can bind more than two atoms together this way. Sodium and chlorine ions, in fact, can line themselves up in vast arrays (well, vast on an atomic scale, anyway) called crystals. The yellow ones are the sodium atoms, and the green ones are the chlorine atoms.

What is it called when two or more atoms are combined?

Elements can be chemically combined into compounds, therefore, a compound consists of two or more elements combined, in definite proportions, by chemical means. Compounds may be formed by combining atoms of their constituent elements by ionic bonds or by covalent bonds. Consequently, when three or more atoms are joined together?

What happens when two atoms get close together?

The situation looks like this : But an interesting thing can happen when the two atoms get close together. The electron in each atom starts to notice the proton of the other atom. As a result, it becomes attracted not only to its own proton, but to the proton of the other atom as well.

What forces hold atoms together?

The forces that hold atoms together are the electrical force and the strong force, which is stronger than the electrical force. The electrical force does the majority of the work of holding atoms together, but the strong force helps hold in the electrical force and can somewhat override it. The electrical charge that is exhibited from protons ...

Why does the charge work against itself?

The charge sets up the framework for the electrical force that is used to hold everything together, but it is not strong enough to keep the atoms close enough together. While the force helps electrons and protons attract to each other, it does nothing for the neutrons, which are neutral. It also works against itself because two protons ...

Is the force of a neutron stronger than the force of an atom?

It is stronger than the electrical force and helps to hold all of the protons and neutrons in, which are immune to the electrical force. It is a very strong force, but it only works in small ranges, making it ideal for holding atoms together.

Why do two atoms bond?

So when two atoms are attached (bound) to each other, it's because there is an electric force holding them together.

What happens when two atoms get close together?

But an interesting thing can happen when the two atoms get close together. The electron in each atom starts to notice the proton of the other atom. As a result, it becomes attracted not only to its own proton, but to the proton of the other atom as well.

How many electrons are in a sodium atom?

As an example of another type of bond, let's consider a sodium atom and a chlorine atom. The sodium atom consists of a nucleus with 11 protons, surrounded by 11 electrons. Ten of these electrons are packed relatively close to the nucleus, while the eleventh one quorbits a bit farther out.

How rare is an atom?

So now you know about an atom. Of course, the problem with knowing about an atom is that one atom is a very rare thing. They tend to come in bunches. (Over 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 of them in a glass of water!) And in most substances, such as a glass of water, each of the atoms is attached to one or more other atoms.

What is the crystal called that binds atoms together?

That is, behind the atoms shown here, there are more atoms just like them, over and over again. This particular crystal is called "sodium chloride" in the chemistry lab, or "salt" at the dinner table. There are other ways that atoms bind together, but I'm not going to go into them.

What type of bond is between two nuclei?

This type of bond, in which the electrons tend to spend a lot of time between the two nuclei, is called a "covalent bond" by chemists. The two electrons involved no longer belong to one atom or the other, but are shared by the two atoms.

What are the two forces that are important to atoms?

And by now you're learned that, where atoms are concerned, there are two forces that are important: the electric force and the strong force . But remember that the strong force has a very short range.

Why is the nucleus of an atom so small?

The force has a very short range, and this is the reason the nucleus of an atom turns out to be so small. In addition, the strong force is also responsible for binding the quarks and gluons into protons and neutrons. So the nucleus of an atom is held together by the strong force, while the electrons are held in the atom by the electric force.

What is the force that attracts protons to protons?

Well, in a brilliant stroke of imagination, physicists have named this force "the strong force.". The strong force is a force which attracts protons to protons, neutrons to neutrons, and protons and neutrons to each other. The force has a very short range, and this is the reason the nucleus of an atom turns out to be so small.

What happens when two protons repel each other?

Two protons (or two electrons) will repel each other. And again, the closer together they are, the stronger the repulsion. Now the nucleus of an atom is positively charged, while electrons are negatively charged. As a result, a nucleus will attract electrons. These electrons will swarm around the nucleus, and the result is an atom.

Do electrons have the same charge as proton?

Every proton carries exactly the same amount of positive charge, and every electron carries a negative charge exactly opposite that of a proton. There are other particles with electric charge, but they tend to live only a very short time before they decay, and so they're mostly unimportant for atoms.

Do opposing charges attract or repel?

Opposite charges attract; like charges repel. The force gets weaker as the two charges get farther apart. That is, a proton and an electron will attract each other. The closer they are together, the stronger this attraction will be. Two protons (or two electrons) will repel each other.

Can a nucleus be created by electric force?

Furthermore, the protons are all positively charged, and so they all repel each other. So if the electric force was the only force involved, you couldn't create a nucleus.

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