periodic table periods and groups

What are the names of the periods in the periodic table?

The names of the periods in periodic table are; Period 1: Shortest period. Period 2 and 3: Short period. Period 4 and 5: Long period. Period 6 and 7: Longest period. The elements in same Periods have the same number of energy shells (or energy orbits).

Why are period 4 and period 5 called long periods?

Period 4 and period 5 are given the name long periods of the periodic table because there are 18 elements in these periods. The elements of the long periods are shown in tables below.

How many periods are there in 2021?

Periods in Periodic table: The periods are the horizontal rows on a Periodic table. There are 7 horizontal rows on Periodic table. Hence there are total 7 periods on the Periodic table.

Which period has the longest period?

Period 6 and 7: Longest period. Period 5 and period 6 are named as longest periods of the periodic table because there are 32 elements in these periods. The elements of the longest periods are shown in tables below.

Why is period 1 called the shortest period?

Period 1 of the periodic table is given the name shortest period because there are only two elements in period 1. The elements of the shortest period are shown in table below.

What is a Modern Periodic Table?

The present periodic table is said to have been invented by Bohr. It’s also known as the periodic table in its larger form. The elements are organised in ascending atomic number order in horizontal rows termed periods in the modern table.

Characteristics of Periods in a Periodic Table

Moving from left to right in a period of the periodic table, that is, moving from left to right in a horizontal row of the periodic table, we will discuss the variation of some of the important properties of elements including the number of valence electrons, valency, atom size, and metallic character.

Characteristics of Groups in a Periodic Table

Moving from top to bottom in a group of the periodic table, that is, moving from top to bottom in a vertical column of the periodic table, we will discuss the variation of some of the important properties of elements including the number of valence electrons, valency, atom size, and metallic character.

Sample Questions

In a period, the atomic size decreases from left to right. This indicates that the element to the left of the period is the largest, while the element to the right of the period is the smallest. The element on the left in the third period is sodium, hence sodium (Na) has the largest size in the third period.

How many groups are there in the periodic table?

Groups are the vertical columns on the periodic table. There are total 18 vertical columns on periodic table. Hence there are 18 groups. The elements lying in the same groups show similar chemical properties and they also have same number of valence electrons.

What is the first group of elements in the periodic table?

Group 1: Alkali metals group. Alkali metals group is the very first group (group 1) on the periodic table. The elements included in the Alkali metals group are; Lithium (Li)

Why are the elements in the bottom two rows of the periodic table included in group 3?

The elements in the two bottom rows of the periodic table are also included in these groups. They are placed in the two separate rows at the bottom because they show few different properties. Actually, the elements in the bottom rows are the extension of group 3 only. So they are included in group 3. But as these elements have few different ...

What is an example of group 18?

Example of group 18. All the elements of group 18 are chemically inert (that means they do not easily react with other elements). And all the elements of group 18 have a complete octet (that means they have 8 electrons in their outer shell).

How many periods are there in the periodic table?

Periods are the horizontal rows of the periodic table. There are seven periods total and each element in a period has the same number of atomic orbitals. The top period, which contains hydrogen and helium, has only two orbitals. As you go down the rows, the number of orbitals increases.

How are elements organized in the periodic table?

The periodic table is organized into groups (vertical columns), periods (horizontal rows), and families (groups of elements that are similar). Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. Meanwhile, elements in the same period have the same number of occupied electron shells. In 1869 Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev noticed there existed an innate pattern of organization for the chemical elements. From this deduction, he formed the periodic table. It is important to note how the location of elements on this table tells us about their properties. A quick way to understand an element’s chemical and physical properties is to know the periodic trends. These trends tell you where the highest and lowest types of properties are concentrated on the periodic table. For a more in-depth explanation of periodic trends, click here.

What group are alkali metals in?

The Alkali Metals (Group 1) The alkali metals consist of all of the elements in group one with the exception of hydrogen. These elements are extremely reactive and for this reason, are usually found in compounds. In addition, they are water-sensitive (they react violently with water), so they must be stored in oil.

What are noble gases?

The noble gases, also called aerogens, are inert gases. Some examples include argon, krypton, and neon. They can be found in group eighteen on the periodic table. Likewise, this means they have a complete valence shell. For this reason, they are stable and relatively unreactive.

What is an element in the periodic table?

Vocabulary. Elements: A pure substance composed of a single atom. Groups: The vertical column of the periodic table that signifies the number of valence electrons in an element. Periods: The horizontal rows in the periodic table that signify the number of electron shells in an element. Families: Elements that have the same number ...

What is the name of the group of elements that are found in the three states of matter at standard temperature?

The name halogen means “salt formers” in greek. This is evident in nature as halogens interact with metals to form various salts. On another note, the halogens are a unique group of elements. They are the only periodic family that contains elements in the three states of matter at standard temperature. There are 6 halogens and they are located in group 17. These elements include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). They are highly reactive, highly electronegative, and highly toxic non-metals.

Which metals are the second most reactive?

The alkaline earth metals are the second most reactive family on the periodic table (following behind the alkali metals). Moreover, they are strong reducing agents which means they donate electrons in chemical reactions. They are also good thermal and electrical conductors.

Describe The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table of Elements is a widely used tool in chemistry. The Periodic Table is an organized model that includes all of the elements scientists have discovered throughout history. Elements are simple substances that cannot be broken down. Each element is composed of identical atoms that are unique to that element.

Periodic Table History

Johann Dobereiner was a German chemist who studied the interactions of elements in order to find similarities between their properties and reactions. In 1829, Johann Dobereiner created an organization tool for the elements called a triad. Each tried contained three elements that had similar properties.

Periodic Table Organization

The periodic table is organized into columns, which are called groups, and rows, which are called periods. This organization is beneficial to scientists because they can use the organization of the periodic table to quickly identify particular properties of an element.

Periodic Table Cards

You will need a pen or a pencil and a large stack of index cards for this activity.

Groups of the modern periodic table

Elements with similar properties were placed in the vertical column which were called groups

Essential features of the groups in the modern periodic table

There are 9 groups in all including group VIIIA of transition elements metals and the zero group of inert gases

Periods of the modern periodic table

There are 7 periods in the periodic table. let us discuss them one by one.

Transuranic elements

The elements after U 92 are called tansuranic elements. They have been prepared by the scientists in the laboratories around the world. Therefore they are also called artificial elements or synthetic elements.

Blocks in the modern periodic table

Elements can be divided into four sections or blocks in the long form of periodic table. For this division, we should take in view of the outermost orbital. Their orbital may not always belong to the outermost shell. There are four blocks in the modern periodic table.

Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids in the modern periodic table

Elements of the periodic table can be categorized into another way. This way is based upon the way of reactivity of these elements.

What is the difference between periods and groups?

Updated August 10, 2019. Groups and periods are two ways of categorizing elements in the periodic table. Periods are horizontal rows (across) the periodic table, while groups are vertical columns (down) the table. Atomic number increases as you move down a group or across a period.

What are the common properties of elements in a group?

Elements in a group share a common number of valence electrons. For example, all of the elements in the alkaline earth group have a valence of two. Elements belonging to a group typically share several common properties.

Why are there more periods than others?

There are more elements in some periods than others because the number of elements is determined by the number of electrons allowed in each energy sub-level. There are seven periods for naturally occurring elements :

Is hydrogen a metal?

Within this classification system, hydrogen is a nonmetal. The nonmetals, halogens, and noble gases are all types of nonmetallic elements. The metalloids have intermediate properties. All of the other elements are metallic.

CORE Concepts

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Vocabulary

The Periodic Table and The Periodic Trends

Periods on The Periodic Table

Groups of The Periodic Table

Families of The Periodic Table