...
| Thallium | |
|---|---|
| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Tl) | [204.382, 204.385] conventional: 204.38 |
| Thallium in the periodic table | |
Is thallium symbol Tl or Ti?
Is Thallium a TI or TL? Chemical symbol of thallium is Tl and that of titanium is Ti, hence both have different name and symbol in modern periodic table. Click to see full answer. Similarly, you may ask, is thallium symbol TL or TI?
What is thallium?
Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a gray post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. When isolated, thallium resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.
Why does thallium have a +1 ion?
However, the +1 state, which is far more prominent in thallium than the elements above it, recalls the chemistry of alkali metals, and thallium (I) ions are found geologically mostly in potassium-based ores, and (when ingested) are handled in many ways like potassium ions (K +) by ion pumps in living cells.
See more
Is thallium Tl a transition metal?
Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. Classified as a post-transition metal, Thallium is a solid at room temperature.
What category is thallium?
other metalData ZoneClassification:Thallium is an 'other metal'Color:silvery-grayAtomic weight:204.383State:solidMelting point:304 oC, 577 K7 more rows
What is the ion of thallium?
Ga+3Gallium cationPubChem CID105145Molecular FormulaGa+3SynonymsGallium cation gallium(3+) Gallium (III) ion Gallium, ion(3+) UNII-F7K5MP217W More...Molecular Weight69.723DatesModify 2022-04-02 Create 2005-08-012 more rows
Why do thallium and titanium have same symbol?
Answer. Chemical symbol of thallium is Tl and that of titanium is Ti, hence both have different name and symbol in modern periodic table.May 5, 2018
What is Tl on the periodic table?
thallium (Tl), chemical element, metal of main Group 13 (IIIa, or boron group) of the periodic table, poisonous and of limited commercial value. Like lead, thallium is a soft, low-melting element of low tensile strength. Freshly cut thallium has a metallic lustre that dulls to bluish gray upon exposure to air.
Why is thallium called duck billed platypus?
So much so that French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas later dubbed it the "ornithorhyncus, or duck-billed platypus of the metals."...Discovery date1861Discovered byWilliam CrookesOrigin of the nameThallium is derived from the Greek 'thallos', meaning a green twig.Allotropes
What type of ion is lithium?
monovalent inorganic cationLithium(1+) is a monovalent inorganic cation, a monoatomic monocation and an alkali metal cation.
What type of ion is P?
Phosphorus anion | P- - PubChem.
What is the charge of BA?
2+Table of Common Element ChargesNumberElementCharge53iodine1-54xenon055cesium1+56barium2+88 more rows•Dec 23, 2018
How many electrons does TL have?
Thallium Atomic and Orbital PropertiesAtomic Number81Number of Neutrons123Shell structure (Electrons per energy level)[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3]Electron Configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1Valence Electrons6s2 6p15 more rows
Is Ti on the periodic table?
titanium (Ti), chemical element, a silvery gray metal of Group 4 (IVb) of the periodic table. Titanium is a lightweight, high-strength, low-corrosion structural metal and is used in alloy form for parts in high-speed aircraft.
What is the symbol for neon?
NeNeon / SymbolNeon symbol is Ne, atomic number 10 that locate in 2 period of noble gas group. Ne has 20.1797 atomic mass, 10 electrons and protons, 10.1797 neutrons, electron configuration is [He]2S22p6. Neon, Ne, discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay, is a colorless noble gas.
What does the image of thallium mean?
Image explanation. The image reflects the origin of the element’s name (from Greek ‘thallos’, meaning ‘a green shoot or twig’), its toxicity and its use in the manufacture of reflective glass. Appearance. A soft, silvery-white metal that tarnishes easily. Uses. The use of thallium is limited as it is a toxic element.
What is thallium used for?
Most thallium is used by the electronics industry in photoelectric cells. Thallium oxide is used to produce special glass with a high index of refraction, and also low melting glass that becomes fluid at about 125K. An alloy of mercury containing 8% thallium has a melting point 20°C lower than mercury alone.
What is the vertical column in the periodic table?
A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. A horizontal row in the periodic table. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.
Who discovered thallium?
The discovery of thallium was controversial. William Crookes of the Royal College of Science in London was the first to observe a green line in the spectrum of some impure sulfuric acid, and realised that it meant a new element. He announced his discovery in March 1861 in Chemical News.
Is thalium a biological substance?
Biological role. Thallium has no known biological role. It is very toxic and there is evidence that the vapour is both teratogenic (disturbs the development of an embryo or foetus) and carcinogenic. It can displace potassium around the body affecting the central nervous system.
Is thallium a toxic element?
Uses. The use of thallium is limited as it is a toxic element. Thallium sulfate was employed as a rodent killer – it is odourless and tasteless – but household use of this poison has been prohibited in most developed countries. Most thallium is used by the electronics industry in photoelectric cells.
How is thallium determined?
Thallium is determined in natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after precon centration. Thallium is oxidized and retained as the tetrachlorothallate (III) ion on an anion exchange column, followed by elution with ammonium sulfite solution. A concentration factor of 400 is achieved.
What is the atomic number of thallium?
Thallium is a naturally occurring trace metalloid element with atomic symbol Tl, atomic number 81 , and atomic weight 204.383. Thallium is used in manufacturing, as well as in some chemical reactions and medical procedures. Use as a pesticide has been banned in the United States due to toxicity from accidental exposure. It is characterized as an odorless, bluish-white, metallic soft solid that turns to a gray powder with an aromatic odor when exposed to air. Exposure occurs by inhalation of fumes, ingestion, or contact.
How long did it take for thallium to kill a monkey?
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Implantation of a pellet of pure thallium (3 to 5 mm diameter) into the motor cortex of a monkey, Macaca mulatta, resulted in death within 6 days.
Where is thallium obtained?
In the past, thallium was obtained as a by-product from smelting other metals; however, it has not been produced in the United States since 1984. Currently, all the thallium is obtained from imports and from thallium reserves..In its pure form, thallium is odorless and tasteless.
What are the medical procedures for thallium?
thallium /and thallium / compounds at potentially hazardous levels: Initial Medical Examination: A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the eyes, nervous system, lung, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and body hair should be stressed . Urinalysis: Since kidney damage has been observed in humans exposed to thallium, a urinalysis should be obtained to include at a minimum specific gravity, albumin, glucose, and a microscopic /examination/ on centrifuged sediment. Periodic Medical Examination: These medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis. / Thallium and thallium compounds/
How to dispose of thallium?
1. Ventilate area of spill. ... 2. For small quantities, sweep onto paper or other suitable material, place in sealed container for disposal. Large quantities may be reclaimed; However, if this is not practical, collect spilled material in the most convenient & safe manner & deposit in sealed containers for disposal. 3. Liquids containing sol thallium compounds may be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material & deposited in sealed containers for disposal. / Thallium and thallium cmpd/
When did thalium become a part of the EPA?
Thallium is included on this list with an effective date of June 1, 1987 and a sunset date of June 1, 1997.
What is the Melting Point for Thallium?
Thallium has a Melting Point of 303.5°F, meaning at 303.5°F it will turn to a liquid.
What is the Boiling Point for Thallium?
Thallium has a Boiling Point of 1457°F, meaning at 1457°F it will turn to a Gas.
What is the Electronegativity of Thallium?
Thallium's Electronegativty is 1.62. Electronegativity is a measure of how strongly atoms attract bonding electrons to themselves.
Uses
Its compounds are used in rat and ant poisons. Also for detecting infrared radiation.
Sources
Found in iron pyrites. Also in crookesite, hutchinsonite and lorandite. Most is recovered from the byproducts of lead and zinc refining.
Overview
Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a gray post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. When isolated, thallium resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. Chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861, in residues of sulfuric acid production. Both used the newly developed method of flame spect…
Characteristics
A thallium atom has 81 electrons, arranged in the electron configuration [Xe]4f 5d 6s 6p ; of these, the three outermost electrons in the sixth shell are valence electrons. Due to the inert pair effect, the 6s electron pair is relativistically stabilised and it is more difficult to get these involved in chemical bonding than it is for the heavier elements. Thus, very few electrons are available for metallic bonding, similar to the neighboring elements mercury and lead. Thallium, then, like its co…
Compounds
Thallium(III) compounds resemble the corresponding aluminium(III) compounds. They are moderately strong oxidizing agents and are usually unstable, as illustrated by the positive reduction potential for the Tl /Tl couple. Some mixed-valence compounds are also known, such as Tl4O3 and TlCl2, which contain both thallium(I) and thallium(III). Thallium(III) oxide, Tl2O3, is a black solid which decomposes above 800 °C, forming the thallium(I) oxide and oxygen.
History
Thallium (Greek θαλλός, thallos, meaning "a green shoot or twig") was discovered by William Crookes and Claude Auguste Lamy, working independently, both using flame spectroscopy (Crookes was first to publish his findings, on March 30, 1861). The name comes from thallium's bright green spectral emission lines.
After the publication of the improved method of flame spectroscopy by Robert Bunsen and Gusta…
Occurrence and production
Although thallium is a modestly abundant element in the Earth's crust, with a concentration estimated to be 0.7 mg/kg, mostly in association with potassium-based minerals in clays, soils, and granites, thallium is not generally economically recoverable from these sources. The major source of thallium for practical purposes is the trace amount that is found in copper, lead, zinc, and other heav…
Applications
The odorless and tasteless thallium sulfate was once widely used as rat poison and ant killer. Since 1972 this use has been prohibited in the United States due to safety concerns. Many other countries followed this example. Thallium salts were used in the treatment of ringworm, other skin infections and to reduce the night sweating of tuberculosis patients. This use has been limited due to their n…
Toxicity
Thallium and its compounds are extremely toxic, with numerous recorded cases of fatal thallium poisoning. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for thallium exposure in the workplace as 0.1 mg/m skin exposure over an eight-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) also set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.1 mg/m skin exposure over an eight-hour work…
See also
• Chemistry portal
• Myocardial perfusion imaging