What are the dangers of sodium benzoate?
Some of the most common side effects include:
- Confusion
- Cancer
- Head Aches
- Dry Mouth
- Mood Swings
- Increased Thirst
- Decreased Appetite
What food products contain sodium benzoate?
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- Coca-Cola Life. Although Coke Life is sweetened with stevia, it's certainly not a "diet" beverage. ...
- Dry Sparkling Vanilla. The vanilla variation of this soda sneaks ahead of its ginger sister flavor, thanks to it being 5 calories less.
- Dry Sparkling Ginger. ...
- Orangina. ...
- Moxie. ...
- Blue Sky Black Cherry. ...
- Sprite. ...
- Blue Sky Lemon Lime. ...
- Ale 8 Cherry. ...
- Blue Sky Cola. ...
What are the dangers of potassium benzoate?
- Leukemia
- Cirrhosis of the liver, and
- Parkinson’s disease
What are the properties of sodium benzoate?
Uses of Sodium Benzoate
- Food. In the food industry, sodium benzoate is used to prevent spoilage from harmful bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
- Drink. Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in soft drinks to increase the acidity flavor and as a preservative to extend the shelf life.
- Coca-Cola. ...
- PepsiCo. ...
- Cosmetics. ...
- Personal care products.
- Toothpaste. ...
- Pharmaceuticals. ...
Is sodium benzoate an acid or base?
Benzoic acid, as its name implies, is an acid. Sodium benzoate is a salt of the conjugate base, the OBz- or benzoate ion. Whenever sodium benzoate dissolves in water, it dissociates into its ions. The benzoate ion then acts as a base toward water, picking up a proton to form the conjugate acid and a hydroxide ion.
Is benzoate a strong or weak base?
Hydroxide ions are formed by weak bases after partial ionization. For example, benzoate ion forms benzoic acid and hydroxide ions. Here, the benzoate ion is behaving as a weak base.
What is the pH of sodium benzoate?
pH 3Sodium Benzoate is the inactive salt of benzoic acid. It is soluble in water where it converts to benzoic acid, its active form, at a low pH. Benzoic acid is very pH dependent. While it shows some activity up to pH 6 (about 1.55%), it is most active at pH 3 (94%)....Info.pH% Active Benzoic Acid704 more rows
Is sodium benzoate pH dependent?
Sodium Benzoate is the inactive salt of benzoic acid. It is soluble in water where it converts to benzoic acid, its active form, at a low pH(<4.0). Benzoic acid is very pH-dependent, it is most active at pH 3 (94%).
Is benzoic acid strong or weak?
weakAcetic acid, like benzoic acid, is a weak organic acid that accumulates intracellularly under acidic conditions.
What are some strong bases?
What are 5 examples of bases? Some common strong Arrhenius bases include Potassium hydroxide (KOH), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Caesium hydroxide (CsOH), Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2), and Lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
Does sodium benzoate react with NaOH?
Benzoic acid and NaOH reaction Benzoic acid reacts with aqueous NaOH to sodium benzoate salt. Benzoic acid is a white precipitate. But during the reaction, that precipitate dissolve in aqueous phase. That tells us, sodium benzoate is soluble in water due to forming positive and negative ions.
Why does sodium benzoate dissolve in NaOH?
Due to its acidic nature, benzoic acid can undergo a reaction with NaOH as follows, resulting in the carboxylate salt sodium benzoate. The solubility properties of carboxylic acids are substantially different than their corresponding carboxylate salts.
What is the pH of benzoic acid?
The pH of a 0.01 M benzoic acid solution is 3.11.
Why is benzoic acid effective at low pH?
Benzoic acid's antimicrobial activity is primarily against yeasts and molds. As mentioned for other organic acids, antimicrobial activity is greatest at low pH. The effect results from greater permeability of the unionized form into microorganisms.
Is sodium benzoate a carboxylic acid?
carboxylic acids The sodium salt, sodium benzoate, is used as a preservative in many foods.
Is sodium benzoate soluble in water?
Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid used as a white crystalline or amorphous (without crystal structure) powder, very soluble in water (66 g of sodium benzoate in 100 g of water at 20 °C) but poorly soluble in alcohol.
What is the chemical formula for sodium benzoate?
Chemical compound. Sodium benzoate is a substance which has the chemical formula C 6 H 5 COONa . It is a widely used food pickling agent, with an E number of E211. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water. It can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid .
What is sodium benzoate used for?
Sodium benzoate, along with phenylbutyrate, is used to treat hyperammonemia. Sodium benzoate, along with caffeine, is used to treat postdural puncture headache, respiratory depression associated with overdosage of narcotics, and with ergotamine to treat vascular headache.
How does the body clear sodium benzoate?
The human body rapidly clears sodium benzoate by combining it with glycine to form hippuric acid which is then excreted . The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA, which is then metabolized by glycine N -acyltransferase into hippuric acid.
What is the replacement for sodium benzoate?
Sodium benzoate has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom. Sodium benzoate was one of the chemicals used in 19th century industrialised food production that was investigated by Dr. Harvey W. Wiley with his famous 'Poison Squad' as part of the US Department of Agriculture.
Is sodium benzoate a preservative?
Preservative. Sodium benzoate is a preservative, with the E number E211. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (i.e. acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks ( carbonic acid ), jams and fruit juices ( citric acid ), pickles ( acetic acid ), condiments, and frozen yogurt toppings. It is also used as a preservative in ...
Is sodium benzoate good for urea cycle?
Sodium benzoate is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids. This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels. Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia. Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
Is benzoic acid a preservative?
Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility. Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight. Sodium benzoate is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials.
What is the koc of sodium benzoate?
Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices (1), the Koc of sodium benzoate can be estimated to be 17 (SRC). According to a classification scheme (2), this estimated Koc value suggests that sodium benzoate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.
How is benzoate metabolized?
After oral and dermal uptake, benzoate is metabolized in the liver by conjugation with glycine, resulting in the formation of hippuric acid. The rate of biotransformation in humans is high: after oral doses of 40, 80 or 160 mg sodium benzoate/kg body weight, the transformation to hippuric acid was independent of the dose - about 17-29 mg/kg body weight per hour, corresponding to about 500 mg/kg body weight per day. Other /studies/ obtained higher values of 0.8-2 g/kg body weight per day.
How long does it take for benzoic acid to absorb?
... 100% absorption can be assumed. In humans, the peak plasma concentration is reached within 1-2 hr.
What is the pesticide code for sodium benzoate?
For sodium benzoate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009103) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
Can you give a low birthweight infant benzoate?
Low birthweight infants with immature livers may not be capable of metabolizing benzoate and hippurate. Sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate combination should not be administered to low birthweight infants unless the benefits of treatment outweight the risks.
Does sodium benzoate cause uric acid?
The GRAS report cited studies in which ingestion of sodium benzoate reduced the glycine -dependent formation of creatine, glutamine, urea, and uric acid and increased the effects of procaine, lidocaine, cocaine, tetracaine, and dibucaine. Under conditions of severely restricted fluid and salt intake, benzoates increased and prolonged the concentration of serum penicillin.
Is sodium benzoate a rust inhibitor?
It is used as food preservative, antiseptic, medicine, in tobacco, in pharmaceutical preparations, as an intermediate for manufacture of dyes, and as a rust and mildew inhibitor. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In a study with 2045 patients of dermatological clinics, only 5 persons (approximately 0.2%) showed a positive reaction in patch tests, while 34 of 5202 patients (approximately 0.7%) with contact urticaria reacted positively. Cases of urticaria, asthma, rhinitis, or anaphylactic shock have been reported following oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure to sodium benzoate. The symptoms appear shortly after exposure and disappear within a few hours. Chromosome aberration test was carried out on sodium benzoate using human embryonic lung culture cells. Sodium benzoate produced no significant increase in the aberration frequency in the anaphase chromosomes when tested at the dosage levels 0, 2.0 ug/mL, 20 ug/mL and 200 g/mL. In human embryonic lung cells (WI-38) treated with sodium benzoate both chromosome abnormalities and mitotic indices were within normal values. Sodium benzoate was mutagenic and cytotoxic in lymphocytes, where it caused micronucleus formation and chromosome break. ANIMAL STUDIES: An acute dermal irritation/corrosion study gave no indication for skin irritating effect in rabbits. Sodium benzoate was only slightly irritating to the eye. In a 90-day study with rats dosed with 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8% sodium benzoate via diet, the mortality in the highest dose group (approx. 6290 mg/kg body weight per day) was about 50%. Other effects in this group included a reduced weight gain, increased relative weights of liver and kidneys, and pathological changes in these organs. Sodium benzoate was given in drinking water to 50 female and 50 male mice from weeks 5 on for lifespan. The average daily intake of sodium benzoate was 119.2 mg for a female and 124.0 mg for a male (approx. 5.95 - 6.2 g/kg bw/d). There was no effect on the survival of the treated mice when compared with the untreated control. There were no significant differences between the tumor distribution in sodium benzoate-treated and untreated control mice. In a developmental study rats were injected intraperitoneally with 100, 315, or 1000 mg/kg sodium benzoate on gestation days 9 to 11 or 12 to 14. Reduced fetal body weight, increased in utero deaths (by 12%), and gross anomalies were noted at the highest dose. No evidence of teratogenicity was noted in rats administered 510 mg/kg of sodium benzoate by gavage on gestation days 9 to 11. Sodium benzoate (up to 3.0 mg/plate) was tested in the Salmonella/microsome test using S. typhimurium TA 92, TA 94, TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537. No significant increases in the numbers of revertant colonies were detected in any S. typhimurium strains at the maximum dose. Sodium benzoate tested negative in a cytogenetic assay (bone marrow) in rats after single or multiple oral application of doses up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. In a study with mice, there was also no indication of mutagenic activity in a host-mediated assay.
How much sodium benzoate is in food?
The FDA allows up to a 0.1% concentration of sodium benzoate by weight in foods and beverages. If used, it must be included in the ingredient list on the product being sold. Your body doesn’t accumulate sodium benzoate.
Why is sodium benzoate used in food?
Food. In the food industry, sodium benzoate is used to prevent spoilage from harmful bacteria, yeasts, and molds. It also helps maintain freshness in food by helping to slow or prevent changes in color, flavor, PH, and texture.
What are the three common preservatives in Coca Cola?
Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in soft drinks to increase the acidity flavor and as a preservative to extend the shelf life. Coca-Cola. Sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, and potassium sorbate are the three common preservatives in Coca-Cola’s drink.
Why do cosmetics need preservatives?
Like food and drink products, cosmetics also need preservatives to prevent the growth of bacteria. Preservative-free, natural products cannot be stored for a long time. Personal care products. Sodium benzoate can be used as an anti-corrosive and preservative in a large variety of personal care products such as:
How long does sodium benzoate stay in your urine?
Rather, you metabolize and excrete it in your urine within 24 hours, which contributes to its safety. Still, some people may be more sensitive to this additive. Consult a doctor for appropriate testing if you suspect you have an allergy to sodium benzoate. Pagination.
Is sodium benzoate safe to drink?
Sodium benzoate is generally recognized as safe and can be used as an antimicrobial agent and flavoring agent in food with maximum usage of 0.1%. It’s also generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a preservative in feed. The FDA considers the maximum allowable level for sodium benzoate in drinking water as 5 ppb.
Is sodium benzoate toothpaste safe?
When considering the antimicrobial effect, safety, and price, sodium benzoate is often the better choice compared with other commonly used preservatives in toothpaste. Pharmaceuticals.
What pH level is sodium benzoate?
PH Compatibility: Sodium Benzoate can have some activity at a pH of 6 but is most effective at a pH of 3. Recommended Usage Levels: The recommended usage level for Sodium Benzoate is up to 1%.
What pH is Benzoate?
Sodium Benzoate in cosmetics is most effective at a lower pH, preferably a pH as low as 3. It does have a small amount of efficacy at a pH of 6. When adding Benzoic Acid to a formula, the pH should be lowered to facilitate benzoic acid release. This preservative is often mixed with other preservatives such as potassium sorbate to create ...
How does sodium benzoate work?
Sodium benzoate works by releasing benzoic acid, which is absorbed into cells , inhibiting the growth and replication of microorganisms. This activity increases as pH falls. Is Sodium Benzoate Water Soluble? Sodium Benzoate is water-soluble.
Can you mix potassium sorbate with citric acid?
This preservative is often mixed with other preservatives such as potassium sorbate to create a synergistic effect covering a wide variety of bacteria, yeast, and molds. It is recommended that it not exceed a 1% usage level and that it is not mixed with L-ascorbic acid or citric acid.
Is sodium benzoate a preservative?
Sodium Benzoate is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be used in combination with other preservatives. It is most effective at preventing fungi growth; it does offer some protection from yeast and bacteria.
Is sodium benzoate safe to use?
Sodium Benzoate is generally safe, but it needs to be mixed with other preservatives such as Potassium Sorbate to provide broad-spectrum protection. Many ingredients can be safely combined with Sodium Benzoate; however, there are two that are cause for concern.
