hendecasyllabic poems

Most classical Italian poems are composed in hendecasyllables, including the major works of Dante, Francesco Petrarca, Ludovico Ariosto, and Torquato Tasso. The rhyme systems used include terza rima, ottava, sonnet and canzone, and some verse forms use a mixture of hendecasyllables and shorter lines.

Full Answer

What is a hendecasyllable poem?

The hendecasyllable (Portuguese: hendecassílabo) is a common meter in Portuguese poetry. The best-known Portuguese poem composed in hendecasyllables is Luís de Camões ' Lusiads, which begins as follows: As armas e os barões assinalados, Que da ocidental praia Lusitana,

What is hendecasyllabic?

The term "hendecasyllabic" is used to refer to two different poetic meters, the older of which is quantitative and used chiefly in classical ( Ancient Greek and Latin) poetry and the newer of which is accentual and used in medieval and modern poetry. The term is often used when a line of iambic pentameter contains 11 syllables.

How many of Catullus's poems are hendecasyllabic?

Forty-three of Catullus's poems are hendecasyllabic; for an example, see Catullus 1 . The metre has been imitated in English, notably by Alfred Tennyson, Swinburne, and Robert Frost, cf. "For Once Then Something."

What are the different types of hendecasyllabic verse?

Another form of hendecasyllabic verse is the “ Alcaic ” (Latin: hendecasyllabus alcaicus; used in the Alcaic stanza ), which has the pattern: The third form of hendecasyllabic verse is the “ Sapphic ” (Latin: hendecasyllabus sapphicus; so named for its use in the Sapphic stanza ), with the pattern:

What is an Alexandrine in poetry?

In English, a 12-syllable iambic line adapted from French heroic verse. The last line of each stanza in Thomas Hardy's “The Convergence of the Twain” and Percy Bysshe Shelley's “To a Skylark” is an alexandrine.

What is a 11 line poem called?

Terza Rima A type of poetry consisting of 10 or 11 syllable lines arranged in three-line tercets. Verse A single metrical line of poetry.

How many Catullus poems are there?

For the modern reader, Catullus's poetry amounts to the 113 or so poems that have come down to the present from the Verona manuscript (X). Modern texts are numbered 1-116, but the poems numbered 18-20 are usually excluded, since they were inserted without authority by Marc-Antoine Muret in his edition of 1554.

Does iambic pentameter have to be 10 syllables?

As the examples show, iambic pentameter need not consist entirely of iambs, nor need it have ten syllables.

What is a 13 lined poem called?

rondeauA rondel is a verse form originating in French lyrical poetry of the 14th century. It was later used in the verse of other languages as well, such as English and Romanian. It is a variation of the rondeau consisting of two quatrains followed by a quintet (13 lines total) or a sestet (14 lines total).

What is a 21 line poem called?

Structure. The pantoum is a form of poetry similar to a villanelle in that there are repeating lines throughout the poem. It is composed of a series of quatrains; the second and fourth lines of each stanza are repeated as the first and third lines of the next stanza.

What is Catullus most famous poem?

His poems are written in a variety of meters, with hendecasyllabic verse and elegiac couplets being the most common by far. Catullus is renowned for his love poems, particularly the 25 poems addressed to a woman named Lesbia, of which Catullus 5 is perhaps the most famous.

What type of poet is Catullus?

84 – c. 54 BCE), often referred to simply as Catullus (kə-TUL-əs), was a Latin poet of the late Roman Republic who wrote chiefly in the neoteric style of poetry, focusing on personal life rather than classical heroes.

What are two types of poetry that Catullus wrote?

Catullus is a Latin poet of whom little is known except that which has been extracted from his writings. Having lived from circa 84 BC to circa 54 BC he was able to write poems of adoration, grief, and vulgar abuse. It is believed that he was born into a wealthy and distinguished family in Verona, Italy.

What is an 11 syllable line called?

hendecasyllableIn poetry, a hendecasyllable is a line of eleven syllables. The term "hendecasyllabic" is used to refer to two different poetic meters, the older of which is quantitative and used chiefly in classical (Ancient Greek and Latin) poetry and the newer of which is accentual and used in medieval and modern poetry.

How many syllables is iamb?

Wondering why iamb is 2 syllables? Contact Us! We'll explain.

Is all of Shakespeare in iambic pentameter?

Shakespeare is famous for writing in iambic pentameter, and you can find it in multiple forms in every one of his plays. He often used the popular rhymed iambic pentameter, but not always. In "Macbeth," for example, Shakespeare employed unrhymed iambic pentameter (also known as blank verse) for noble characters.

What is the hendecasyllable in Italian poetry?

The hendecasyllable ( Italian: endecasillabo) is the principal metre in Italian poetry. Its defining feature is a constant stress on the tenth syllable, so that the number of syllables in the verse may vary, equaling eleven in the usual case where the final word is stressed on the penultimate syllable.

What is a hendecasyllable?

The hendecasyllable ( endecasílabo) is less pervasive in Spanish poetry than in Italian or Portuguese, but it is commonly used with Italianate verse forms like sonnets and ottava rima. An example of the latter is Alonso de Ercilla 's epic La Araucana, which opens as follows:

What is the pattern of the Phalaecian?

The pattern of the “ Phalaecian ” (Latin: hendecasyllabus phalaecius) is as follows (using “–” for a long syllable, “⏑” for a short and “⏓” for an “ anceps ” or variable syllable): ⏓ ⏓ – ⏑ ⏑ – ⏑ – ⏑ – ⏓ (where ⏓ ⏓ is one of – ⏑ or – – or ⏑ –) Another form of hendecasyllabic verse is the “ Alcaic ” (Latin: hendecasyllabus alcaicus;

What is the third form of hendecasyllabic verse?

The third form of hendecasyllabic verse is the “ Sapphic ” (Latin: hendecasyllabus sapphicus; so named for its use in the Sapphic stanza ), with the pattern: – ⏓ – ⏓ – ⏑ ⏑ – ⏑ – –. Forty-three of Catullus's poems are hendecasyllabic; for an example, see Catullus 1 .

What is the seventh syllable of a hendecasyllable called?

Lesser hendecasyllables often have an accent on the seventh syllable ( "fàtta di giòco in figùra d'amóre" ). Such a line is called dactylic ( dattilico) and its less pronounced rhythm is considered particularly appropriate for representing dialogue.

What is the hendecasyllable meter in Portuguese?

Novo Reino, que tanto sublimaram. In Portuguese, the hendecasyllable meter is often called "decasyllable" ( decassílabo ), even when the work in question uses overwhelmingly feminine rhymes (as is the case with the Lusiads ).

What is the first case of a hemistich?

The first case is called endecasillabo a minore, or lesser hendecasyllable, and has the first hemistich equivalent to a quinario; the second is called endecasillabo a maiore, or greater hendecasyllable, and has a settenario as the first hemistich.

How many lines are there in the Sapphic Stanza?

There are variations of the Sapphic Stanza and I have chosen the Loose Sapphic form created by Marie Marshall. The form is composed over four lines, the first three being hendecasyllabic and the fourth being pentasyllabic.

What is an aeolic verse?

Aeolic Verse refers to meters commonly used in the lyrical works of Sappho and Alcaeus. Aeolis was the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor which included most of the Greek city-states and the Island of Lesbos in the 8th to 6th centuries BC, the Greek Dark Ages. Four classic meters are known from that culture, the Alcaic Stanza, the Sapphic Stanza, Glyconics (the basic form of Aeolics) and Hendecasyllabic Verse. The verse is quantitative, usually hendecasyllabic, employing 11 syllables and often includes an anceps, a quantitative metric foot that includes a syllable that could be interpreted either long or short. The meter helped set a tranquil or contemplative tone. Aeolic poetry.

What is the meaning of the hendecasyllable?

The hendecasyllable (in Italian endecasillabo) is also used in Italian poetry. It has a historical role in Italian poetry, and a formal structure, comparable to that of iambic pentameter in English or the alexandrine in French.

How many syllables are in a hendecasyllable?

The term "hendecasyllable" is sometimes used in English poetry to describe a line of iambic pentameter hypercatalectic (meaning, five iambic feet or ten syllables, plus an extra syllable at the end), as in the first line of John Keats's Endymion: "A thing of beauty is a joy for ever."

What is Catullus' most famous poem?

His poems are written in a variety of meters, with hendecasyllabic verse and elegiac couplets being the most common by far. Catullus is renowned for his love poems, particularly the 25 poems addressed to a woman named Lesbia, of which Catullus 5 is perhaps the most famous.

Where was Catullus' poem found?

Almost all of Catullus' poems survived from antiquity in a single manuscript discovered c. 1300 in the Chapter Library of Verona, conventionally called "V" for the "Verona codex"; legend has it that the manuscript was found underneath a beer barrel. Two copies were made from the V manuscript, which was then lost.

What meter did Catullus use?

These avant-garde poets drew inspiration from earlier Greek authors, especially Sappho and Callimachus; Catullus himself used Sapphic meter in two poems, Catullus 11 and 51, the second of which is almost a translation. His poems are written in a variety of meters, with hendecasyllabic verse and elegiac couplets being the most common by far.

How were Catullus' poems copied?

For fourteen centuries ( c. 1st century BC- c. 14th century AD), the poems of Catullus were copied by hand from other hand-written copies, a process that gradually led to a few errors in the received text. Scholars have applied methods of textual criticism to undo these errors and reconstruct Catullus' original text as much as possible.

How many poems did Catullus write?

965 AD. That changed c. 1300 AD, with the discovery of a manuscript that contained 116 poems by Catullus.

What are the three groups of Catullus' poems?

Catullus' poems can be divided into three groups: the polymetrics (poems 1–60) the long poems (poems 61–68) the epigrams (poems 69–116)

Who was Catullus?

54 BC) lived in the waning days of the Roman Republic, just before the Imperial era that began with Augustus. Catullus is the chief representative of a school of poets known as the poetae novi or neoteroi, both terms meaning "the new poets". Their poems were a bold departure from traditional models, being relatively short and describing everyday occurrences and intense personal feelings; by contrast, traditional poetry was generally large and epic, describing titanic battles among heroes and gods. These avant-garde poets drew inspiration from earlier Greek authors, especially Sappho and Callimachus; Catullus himself used Sapphic meter in two poems, Catullus 11 and 51, the second of which is almost a translation. His poems are written in a variety of meters, with hendecasyllabic verse and elegiac couplets being the most common by far.

Overview

In classical poetry

The classical hendecasyllable is a quantitative meter used in Ancient Greece in Aeolic verse and in scolia, and later by the Roman poets Catullus and Martial. Each line has eleven syllables; hence the name, which comes from the Greek word for eleven. The heart of the line is the choriamb (– ⏑ ⏑ –). There are three different versions.
The pattern of the “Phalaecian” (Latin: hendecasyllabus phalaecius) is as follows (using “–” for …

In Italian poetry

In Polish poetry

In Portuguese poetry

In Spanish poetry

In English poetry

See also