What are the optimum conditions for DMSO degradation?
This study used the Box-Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the optimum conditions of DMSO degradation. The highest DMSO removal was 98 % for pH 3, when the H2O2 to Fe (2+) molar ratio was 12. At pH 2 and 4, the highest DMSO removal was 82 %, when the H2O2 to Fe (2+) molar ratio was 6.5.
Why is DMSO used for decomposition?
DMSO decomposition has caused many industrial and laboratory explosions since the 1960s, according to accident reports. DMSO is widely used because it is so versatile: it can dissolve polar and nonpolar compounds alike and mixes well with water and organic solvents.
What happens when you aliquot a DMSO solution?
DMSO supercools easily and remelts slowly at room temperature. This means if you aliquot and store it frozen, you will have to deal with its slow liquefaction and end up wasting more valuable time in the lab. It may, therefore, arrive as a solid
What happens when DMSO is heated?
But when DMSO is heated close to its boiling point of 189 °C, for example during distillation to recover the solvent, it can rapidly decompose. This generates more heat along with gases such as hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide.
Does DMSO degrade over time?
When stored as indicated, DMSO has a shelf-life of two years.
Is DMSO stable?
DMSO is stable up to 100 °C in alkaline, acidic and neutral conditions. At temperatures approaching its boiling point, DMSO is stable in neutral or alkaline conditions. To prepare a sterile filtered DMSO solution, it is recommended to use a teflon or nylon membrane.
How long is DMSO stable at room temperature?
The relationship between length of storage and the probability of observing the compound was described by a repeated-measures logistic regression model. The probability of observing the compound was 92% after 3 months of storage at room temperature, 83% after 6 months, and 52% after 1 year in DMSO.
Does DMSO need to be refrigerated?
If there is no degradation while dissolving DMSO, you can store the solution in a refrigerator. Freezing might cause crystallizing your compound, and hence there could be a concentration gradient between top and bottom of the solution. and you may need to dissolve again by thawing the solution.
How do you dispose of DMSO?
Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Contaminated absorbent material may pose the same hazard as the spilled product. Note: see Section 1 for emergency contact information and Section 13 for waste disposal.
Does DMSO evaporate?
Because of its high boiling point, 189 °C (372 °F), DMSO evaporates slowly at normal atmospheric pressure. Samples dissolved in DMSO cannot be as easily recovered compared to other solvents, as it is very difficult to remove all traces of DMSO by conventional rotary evaporation.
Does DMSO crystallize?
All Answers (5) DMSO crystallizes at +18C. RT might not be enough to dissolve all crystals. Try 37C, there are hardly any reagent solutions that cannot stand that for a while.
Does DMSO react with water?
DMSO is a classified as a polar aprotic solvent and is miscible with water.
Can DMSO be contaminated?
DMSO gets contaminated easily despite its toxigenic nature. So it has to be aseptically sterilized ( filtered) , before using it for TC work. The tube / or container of DMSO should be airtight.
Will DMSO dissolve plastic?
DMSO is compatible with plastics like PETE, HDPE, LDPE ,PTFE and PP, however it is not compatible with other plastics such as , PVC, PS and poly carbonate due to its reactivity .
Why is DMSO toxic?
In vitro, DMSO is reported to induce apoptosis at concentrations >10% (v/v), due to plasma membrane pore formation (23, 24). Although rare, there are a few reports of effects of DMSO at low concentrations causing toxicity in cell types other than neurons.
Are there different grades of DMSO?
Grade. Procipient®(Dimethyl Sulfoxide USP, Ph. Eur.) is the only grade of DMSO suitable for Healthcare and Drug Delivery applications. Gaylord Chemical's USP grade is the only DMSO that is manufactured under cGMP conditions, in compliance with API guidelines (ICH Q7).
Overview
Safety
DMSO is a non-toxic solvent with a median lethal dose higher than ethanol (DMSO: LD50, oral, rat, 14,500 mg/kg; ethanol: LD50, oral, rat, 7,060 mg/kg ).
Early clinical trials with DMSO were stopped because of questions about its safety, especially its ability to harm the eye. The most commonly reported side effects include headaches and burning and itching on contact with the skin. Strong allergic reactions have been reported. DMSO can ca…
Synthesis and production
Dimethyl sulfoxide was first synthesized in 1866 by the Russian scientist Alexander Zaytsev, who reported his findings in 1867. Dimethyl sulfoxide is produced industrially from dimethyl sulfide, a by-product of the Kraft process, by oxidation with oxygen or nitrogen dioxide.
Reactions
The sulfur center in DMSO is nucleophilic toward soft electrophiles and the oxygen is nucleophilic toward hard electrophiles. With methyl iodide it forms trimethylsulfoxonium iodide, [(CH3)3SO]I:
(CH3)2SO + CH3I → [(CH3)3SO]I
This salt can be deprotonated with sodium hydride to form the sulfur ylide:
[(CH3)3SO]I + NaH → (CH3)2S(CH2)O + NaI + H2
Applications
DMSO is a polar aprotic solvent and is less toxic than other members of this class, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and HMPA. DMSO is frequently used as a solvent for chemical reactions involving salts, most notably Finkelstein reactions and other nucleophilic substitutions. It is also extensively used as an extractant in biochemistry and …
See also
• Varying oxidation of sulfur
• Related compounds with methyl on oxygen
• Gloria Ramirez, also known as the "Toxic Woman"
External links
• International Chemical Safety Card 0459
• Dimethyl Sulfoxide Information Center