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why was the encomienda system used

by Wilson Wisoky V Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

The encomienda was designed to meet the needs of the American colonies’ early mining economy. With the catastrophic decline in the Indian population and the replacement of mining activities by agriculture in Spanish America, the system lost its effectiveness and was gradually replaced by the hacienda

Hacienda

A hacienda, in the colonies of the Spanish Empire, is an estate, similar to a Roman latifundium. Some haciendas were plantations, mines or factories. Many haciendas combined these activities. The word is derived from the Spanish word "hacer" or "haciendo", which means: to make or be making, respectively; and were largely business enterprises consisting of various money making ventures including r…

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system of landed estates.

Although the original intent of the encomienda was to reduce the abuses of forced labour (repartimiento) employed shortly after Europeans' 15th-century discovery of the New World, in practice it became a form of enslavement.

Full Answer

What is the bad effect of encomienda system?

Unfortunately, many Spanish encomenderos committed abuses, such as: Seizure of the people’s animals and crops without just compensation Because of the abuses of encomenderos, much bad feeling resulted. First, peace and order, which the colonizers and the early Spanish friars had established, was disturbed.

How did the encomienda system really work?

Vocabulary

  • conquistador: The name for the Spanish or Portuguese military leaders who conquered Central and South America in the 1500s.
  • encomenderos: The name for people who controlled encomiendas.
  • encomienda: A grant by the Spanish king or queen that allowed a person to demand tribute and forced labor from the Native people in a defined territory.

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What is meant by encomienda system?

Which country has best economy?

  • United States.
  • China.
  • Japan.
  • Germany.
  • India.
  • United Kingdom.
  • France.
  • Italy.

Why was encomienda system replaced by hacienda system?

The encomienda system granted a Spanish leader a number of Native American laborers. The Spanish colonists abused the encomienda system, essentially rendering it a system of slave labor. The attempt failed, as encomenderos ignored the laws and revolted against any attempt to weaken their power of the their laborers.

What is the purpose of the encomienda system?

Derived from the Spanish verb encomendar (to entrust a mission for someone to fulfill), the mission of the encomienda was to care for and protect indigenous people by awarding part of their labor and produce to men who had served the crown—encomenderos.

How did the Spanish use the encomienda system?

In the encomienda, the Spanish Crown granted a person a specified number of natives from a specific community but did not dictate which individuals in the community would have to provide their labour. Indigenous leaders were charged with mobilising the assessed tribute and labour.

Where was the encomienda labor system used?

the AmericasExplanation: The Encomienda System was used in the Spanish colonial empire in the Americas during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and early eighteenth centuries. The system is based on the forced labor of the native population.

Why was the encomienda system used quizlet?

At the beginning, the encomienda system was introduced with the intention of looking after the welfare of the natives, to educate them as well as to teach them Christianity. What did it turn out to be? It turnt out to be a way to control,enslave and exploit (abuse) the tainos.

What did the encomienda system provide for new Spain?

what did the encomienda system provide for New Spain? a cheap labor source. What prompted a wave of new businesses and trade practices in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries? New wealth and the growth of overseas trade.

How were people treated in the encomienda system?

Administration of the Encomiendas The Indigenous people were often forced to walk for days with heavy loads to be delivered to their encomendero. The lands were run by cruel overseers and Native chieftains who often demanded extra tribute themselves, making the lives of the Indigenous people even more miserable.

Is encomienda system is helpful for the Filipino?

In 1570 the encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by King Philip II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu to loyal Spanish subjects. These men had helped conquer the Philippines.

What was the encomienda system in simple terms?

The encomienda system is a labor system established by the Spanish Crown in the 1500s. This new system rewarded Spanish explorers, conquistadors, and military men with land in the New World. But they didn't just get the land, they got the labor of the people living on the land as well.

What was the encomienda system first used for in the Spanish American empire quizlet?

The encomienda system was implemented by Spain to the colonial America. The encomienda System in writing, stated native americans had to pay a tribute (Gold, Silver, labor, food, and other goods) to Encomenderos. In exchange Native American would receive protection and education.

How did the encomienda system function in the Spanish colonies quizlet?

How did the encomienda system function? The Spanish Crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter.

Who were the conquistadors and what did they do?

Conquistadors were fortune hunters with commissions from the Spanish Crown to explore, conquer and colonize territory on behalf of the Crown. Conqu...

What did the Encomienda system do?

Encomienda was a royal grant of authority to conquistadors to demand labor services from indigenous people in Spanish colonies. The system was a me...

Was the Encomienda system slavery?

The encomienda system was different from slavery on paper, but not all that different in practice. Encomienda involved forced labor, brutality, los...

Why was the Encomienda system created?

The encomienda was designed to meet the needs of the American colonies’ early mining economy. With the catastrophic decline in the Indian population and the replacement of mining activities by agriculture in Spanish America, the system lost its effectiveness and was gradually replaced by the hacienda system of landed estates.

What was the purpose of the Encomienda?

The encomienda was designed to meet the needs of the American colonies’ early mining economy.

What is an encomienda?

As legally defined in 1503, an encomienda (from Spanish encomendar, “to entrust”) consisted of a grant by the crown to a conquistador, a soldier, an official, or others of a specified number of “Indios” (Native Americans and, later, Filipinos) living in a particular area.

What is the legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population?

Encomienda , in Spain’s American and Philippine colonies, legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population.

When was the encomienda abolished?

Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain’s colonies was prohibited. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Jeff Wallenfeldt, Manager, Geography and History.

What was the Western colonial policy?

Western colonialism: Spanish colonial policies. …in early decades involved the encomienda, by which Indian groups were entrusted to Spanish proprietors, who in theory cared for them physically and spiritually in return for rights to tribute and labour but who in practice often abused and enslaved them.….

What is the Spanish policy?

Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. ... Encomienda, in Spain’s American and Philippine colonies, legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status ...

What is the significance of the Encomienda system?

Historyplex tells you the significance of the encomienda system, along with its purpose, effects, and facts. Home / Uncategorized / Encomienda System: Historical Significance and Important Facts. The encomienda system played a major role in helping Spain expand its colonies in the New World. In spite of this, why was it a failure, ...

When did the Encomienda system start?

The encomienda system began in the early 16th century, and continued till the beginning of the 18th century in most parts of the New World. The prime motivation for this system was to bring Christianity to the ‘heathens’, as the natives were called by the colonial settlers.

Why did the Encomenderos make the Natives slog in inhuman conditions?

Since the encomenderos had to be ready for resettlement orders at all times, they made the natives slog in inhuman conditions, wishing to make large profits in less time . They openly defied the restriction on land ownership, and grabbed land and livestock from the natives at an unfair compensation.

Why did the Encomenderos have to travel long distances?

Since the encomenderos did not live among the local populations, the latter were forced to travel long distances carrying heavy goods as tributes. Besides, the rate of taxation was not changed, even at times of crop failure, making work necessary for paying taxes, as well as to obtain money for food.

What was the impact of the Encomienda system on the West Indies?

In fact, the encomienda system decimated large sections of the native population, a tragedy first reported from West Indies under Columbus.

What is the difference between the Spanish and American encomiendas?

The difference between the Spanish and American encomiendas was that, in the former, the land was owned by the grantees, while in the New World, the right to the land was to remain with the natives. This system was not new to the Americas; a similar arrangement existed during the Inca and pre-Inca civilizations.

Why was the colonial system exploited?

While it was established to avoid slavery, the system was exploited by the colonial elite for their greed, to make it one of the harshest labor systems in the New World. From converting the natives’ beliefs, the goal eventually changed to obtaining revenue for the grantees.

What was the purpose of the Encomienda system?

Derived from the Spanish verb encomendar (to entrust a mission for someone to fulfill), the mission of the encomienda was to care for and protect indigenous people by awarding part of their labor and produce to men who had served the crown—encomenderos. The encomendero was to indoctrinate his wards into the Catholic faith while acculturating them to European standards. In return, the encomendero was authorized to collect tribute and receive personal services from his wards.

When did the Encomienda come into existence?

Then, in 1499, a former governor of Granada introduced the encomienda to Hispaniola in the Americas, and soon all the participants in the conquests of the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America expected an encomienda as reward for their services to the crown.

What was the encomienda in the Spanish Empire?

However, in some central areas of the Spanish empire, especially Mexico and Peru, an encomienda sometimes became the basis for a family fortune.

How did the population decline in the sixteenth century affect the Encomienda?

Population decline among the Indians in the later sixteenth century further weakened the encomienda by reducing the amount of Indian labor available, which prevented the encomienda from producing enough to satisfy the economic and social aspirations of the encomenderos.

When did the Encomenderos end their service?

Royal fears of the encomenderos' feudal power and continuing conflict between groups of conquerors in Guatemala and particularly Peru, led to the end of personal service to the encomenderos in 1546 under the New Laws of the Indies.

Did the Encomienda survive the Pueblo Indians?

These far northern encomiendas did not survive the 1680 revolt of the Pueblo Indians. By helping to establish race and ethnicity as the primary determinants of economic and political power, the encomienda system had long-reaching effects in the history of the Americas.

Where were the Encomiendas granted?

Encomiendas in Peru. In Peru, where encomiendas were granted on the ruins of the rich and mighty Inca Empire, the abuses soon reached epic proportions. The encomenderos there showed an inhuman indifference to the suffering of the families on their encomiendas.

Why were the Encomienda lands not supposed to be visited?

The owners of the encomiendas were not supposed to ever visit the encomienda lands: this was supposed to cut down on abuses. The Indigenous people instead brought the tribute to wherever the owner happened to be, generally in the larger cities. The Indigenous people were often forced to walk for days with heavy loads to be delivered to their encomendero. The lands were run by cruel overseers and Native chieftains who often demanded extra tribute themselves, making the lives of the Indigenous people even more miserable. Priests were supposed to live on the encomienda lands, instructing the Indigenous people in Catholicism, and often these men became defenders of the people they taught, but just as often they committed abuses of their own, living with Native women or demanding tribute of their own.

Why did the Spanish crown reluctantly approve the granting of Encomiendas?

The Spanish crown reluctantly approved the granting of encomiendas because it needed to reward the conquistadors and establish a system of governance in the newly-conquered territories, and the encomiendas were a quick-fix that killed both birds with one stone.

What did the Spanish conquer in the 1500s?

In the 1500s, Spain systematically conquered parts of North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean. With Indigenous governments such as the efficient Inca Empire in ruins, the Spanish conquistadors needed to find a way to rule their new subjects. The encomienda system was put in place in several areas, most importantly in Peru.

What was the role of the Encomendero in the enslaved people?

In return, the encomendero was responsible for the well-being of the enslaved people and was to see to it that they were converted and educated about Christianity.

Where did the word "encomienda" come from?

The Encomienda System. The word encomienda comes from the Spanish word encomendar , meaning "to entrust.". The encomienda system had been used in feudal Spain during the reconquest and had survived in some form ever since. In the Americas, the first encomiendas were handed out by Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean.

What did the New Laws provide for?

Reading them today, the New Laws do not seem radical — they provide for basic human rights such as the right to be paid for work and the right to not be unreasonably taxed.

image

Did You Know?

What Was The Encomienda System?

  • The encomienda system was a method by which the Spanish crown rewarded colonial settlers by entrusting them with a group of natives whom they would civilize and convert to Christianity, in return for gifts in the form of labor, taxes, or goods as tribute. The term ‘encomienda’ is derived from the Spanish word encomendar, which means ‘to entrust’.
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Formation

  • The encomienda system traces its roots to the ‘Reconquista’ or reconquest of Spain, from its Moorish invaders. The Spanish had been fighting to retake their land for 800 years, and when they succeeded in this mission, they established the encomienda system to organize labor and taxation from the conquered Muslim and Jewish occupants. Towards the end of the 15th centur…
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Characteristics

  • In this arrangement, a grant was conferred by the monarch to soldiers, officials, and other Spaniards who had played a major role in a conquest, giving each a control over all natives that lived in a specific region. These officials were called ‘encomenderos’, and had to ensure that the Indians under their control were trained in Spanish culture, educated in Christian beliefs, and pro…
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Intended Purpose

  • The conversion of the natives to Christianity had always been a driving force behind the invasions, along with the desire for riches. The Spanish monarchy believed that once an Indian accepted the authority of the Spanish crown, and the Roman Catholic faith, he should be treated as a subject of the crown and deserved their protection. When the settlers first arrived, they were reluctant to w…
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Effects

  • The arrangement had a fairly good beginning; the natives learned Spanish, provided labor for wages, and were educated in the Christian faith on Sundays. However, the negative effects of granting encomiendas to conquistadors, whose sole interest lay in obtaining wealth, was soon apparent. Since the encomenderos had to be ready for resettlement orders at all times, they ma…
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Abolition

  • The first protests that went up against the encomienda system were raised as early as 1510, by preachers who had witnessed the atrocities of the encomenderos. Strange as it may seem, the monarchy had never fully backed this practice, and at times even openly showed its hostility to the encomenderos. However, the most prominent protest was raised by Bartolomé de las Casas, a p…
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Facts About The Encomienda System

  • The encomienda system began in the early 16th century, and continued till the beginning of the 18th century in most parts of the New World. The prime motivation for this system was to bring Christianity to the ‘heathens’, as the natives were called by the colonial settlers. The Roman Catholic Church had allowed newly conquered territories to be annexed by Spain, only if the nati…
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The Encomienda System

Image
The word encomienda comes from the Spanish word encomendar, meaning "to entrust." The encomienda system had been used in feudal Spain during the reconquest and had survived in some form ever since. In the Americas, the first encomiendas were handed out by Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean. Spanis…
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A Troublesome System

  • The Spanish crown reluctantly approved the granting of encomiendas because it needed to reward the conquistadors and establish a system of governance in the newly-conquered territories, and the encomiendas were a quick-fix that killed both birds with one stone. The system essentially made landed nobility out of men whose only skills were murder, ma...
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Encomiendas in Peru

  • In Peru, where encomiendas were granted on the ruins of the rich and mighty Inca Empire, the abuses soon reached epic proportions. The encomenderos there showed an inhuman indifference to the suffering of the families on their encomiendas. They did not change the quotas even when crops failed or disasters struck: many Native Peruvians were forced to choose between fulfillin…
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Administration of The Encomiendas

  • The owners of the encomiendas were not supposed to ever visit the encomienda lands: this was supposed to cut down on abuses. The Indigenous people instead brought the tribute to wherever the owner happened to be, generally in the larger cities. The Indigenous people were often forced to walk for days with heavy loads to be delivered to their encomendero. The lands were run by cr…
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The Reformers

  • While the conquistadors were wringing every last speck of gold from their miserable subjects, the ghastly reports of abuses piled up in Spain. The Spanish crown was in a tough spot: the "royal fifth," or 20% tax on conquests and mining in the New World, was fueling the expansion of the Spanish Empire. On the other hand, the crown had made it quite clear that the Indigenous peopl…
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The New Laws

  • The New Lawswere a series of royal ordinances designed to halt the abuses of the encomienda system, particularly in Peru. Native Peruvians were to have their rights as citizens of Spain and could not be forced to work if they did not want to. Reasonable tribute could be collected, but any additional work was to be paid for. Existing encomiendas would pass to the crown upon the dea…
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Rebellion

  • The colonial elite was livid with rage when the provisions of the New Laws became known. The encomenderos had lobbied for years for the encomiendas to be made permanent and passable from one generation to another, something the King had always resisted. The New Laws removed all hope of perpetuity being granted. In Peru, most of the settlers had taken part in the conquista…
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End of The Encomienda System

  • The King of Spain almost lost Peru during these conquistador uprisings. Gonzalo Pizarro's supporters had urged him to declare himself King of Peru, but he refused: had he done so, Peru might have successfully split from Spain 300 years early. Charles Vfelt it prudent to suspend or repeal the most hated aspects of the New Laws. The Spanish crown still steadfastly refused to …
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Sources

  1. Burkholder, Mark and Lyman L. Johnson. Colonial Latin America. Fourth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
  2. Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970).
  3. Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962
  1. Burkholder, Mark and Lyman L. Johnson. Colonial Latin America. Fourth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
  2. Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca London: Pan Books, 2004 (original 1970).
  3. Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962
  4. Patterson, Thomas C. The Inca Empire: The Formation and Disintegration of a Pre-Capitalist State.New York: Berg Publishers, 1991.
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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2025-06-28 07:17:51
        • 1. why-was-the-encomienda-system-used
        Backtrace
        • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
        • 19. Route binding:39
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 204966
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        • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
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        380μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
        • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
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        590μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
        • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
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        1.59s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. publish
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
        • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
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        Metadata
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        • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
        • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
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