What is a high flow oxygen delivery system?
Where the Airvo2 is used as an oxygen delivery device the flow from this device is independent to the flow of oxygen. High flow systems include: NB: There is separate CPG for HFNP use in the NICU (see NICU HFNP CPG) Oxygen therapy can be delivered using a low flow or high flow system.
What is the best oxygen delivery system for hypoxia?
Low-flow oxygen delivery systems Nasal cannula A nasal cannula is the most common oxygen delivery system, used for mild hypoxia (figure 4a). It delivers oxygen into the nasopharyngeal space and can be set to deliver between 1 and 6 L·min−1(24–40% FIO2) (table 2).
What are the different types of oxygen delivery in oxygen concentrators?
Generally, there are two types of oxygen delivery in oxygen concentrators: continuous flow dose delivery and pulse mode delivery.
How does an oxygen delivery device work?
When the tap is manually opened, the oxygen takes the line of least resistance to the patient viaan oxygen delivery device (e.g.tube with a mask or nasal cannula). A pressure reading (barometer) displays the remaining oxygen pressure in the cylinder, to estimate the amount of oxygen available for supply.
A Few Important Terms
Before we get into the different types of oxygen delivery systems, we need to go over a few key terms.
Partial Rebreather
Description: face mask with reservoir bag and a two-way valve that allows SOME of the exhaled air to enter the reservoir bag. This air (which contains some oxygen) is “reused” thereby increasing the amount of oxygen the patient receives
Salter Nasal Cannula
Description: A nasal cannula that can handle high-flow rates, so you also may hear it called a “high-flow” cannula, or simply a “salter”
High Flow Nasal Cannula
Description: The HFNC is an oxygen-delivery system that includes an air/oxygen blender, humidifier, heater and nasal cannula to deliver precise and very high flow oxygen to your patient
Oxymask
Description: looks like a simple face mask except it has big openings in it; its design directs oxygen toward the patient’s nose and mouth; the patient breaths this oxygen along with atmospheric oxygen through the openings…on exhale carbon dioxide is released into the air so there’s no need for valves or reservoirs like in a partial rebreather or non-rebreather..
Non Rebreather
Description: The non rebreather mask looks almost exactly like the partial rebreather, except it has two one-way valves; one of those valves prevents any exhaled air from entering the reservoir bag and the other valves prevents any room air from entering the mask while allowing CO2 to be exhaled out into the atmosphere
Venturi
Description: looks essentially like a face mask with the addition of color-coded adapters that direct a specific oxygen concentration to the patient; often used in persistent hypercarbia or moderate to severe hypoxemia
Fixed performance devices
These devices deliver a fixed inspired oxygen concentration to the patient, independent of the PIFR. Even at the time of PIFR no random entrainment of room air will occur to unpredictably alter the FiO2 with this equipment.
Variable performance devices
These devices deliver a variable inspired oxygen concentration to the patient, which depends on the PIFR.
What is the goal of oxygen delivery?
The goal of oxygen delivery is to maintain targeted SpO 2 levels in children through the provision of supplemental oxygen in a safe and effective way which is tolerated by infants and children to:
What is the name of the condition where the amount of water vapour that a gas can carry increases with temperature?
The amount of water vapour that a gas can carry increases with temperature. Hypercapnea: Increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypoxaemia: Low arterial oxygen tension (in the blood.) Hypoxia: Low oxygen level at the tissues.
What is CO2 narcotics?
CO2 Narcosis - This occurs in patients who have chronic respiratory obstruction or respiratory insufficiency which results in hypercapnea (i .e. raised PaCO 2 ). In these patients the respiratory centre relies on hypoxaemia to maintain adequate ventilation. If these patients are given oxygen this can reduce their respiratory drive, causing respiratory depression and a further rise in PaCO 2.
Can oxygen be delivered through a high flow system?
Oxygen therapy can be delivered using a low flow or high flow system. All high flow systems require humidification. The type of humidification device selected will depend on the oxygen delivery system in use, and the patient's requirements. The humidifier should always be placed at a level below the patient's head.
Does cyanosis require oxygen?
Tachycardia, cyanosis) may not routinely require oxygen therapy in most cases. The threshold for oxygen therapy can vary with the child’s general state and point in the illness. There is no physiological basis for the application of low flow oxygen therapy to a child with normal SpO2 and increased work of breathing.
Can oxygen be used in neonatal intensive care?
At the RCH, oxygen therapy via an isolette is usually only for use in the Butterfly neonatal intensive care unit. (See Isolette use in paediatric wards, RCH internal link only.)
Is continuous pulse oximetry necessary for oxygen therapy?
continuous pulse oximetry is recommended for the patients who are severely unwell, and who are likely to have rapid and clinically significant drop in oxygen saturations when the oxygen therapy is disconnected. continuous pulse oximetry may not be necessary in the stable patient receiving oxygen therapy.
