What are some landmark Supreme Court cases that have shaped history?
Participate in interactive landmark Supreme Court cases that have shaped history and have an impact on law-abiding citizens today. Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987) Holding: Students do not have a First Amendment right to make obscene speeches in school.
What was the most important Supreme Court case in 1973?
The Supreme Court: Landmark Cases (Continued) Roe v. Wade, 1973. The Constitutionally implied right to privacy protects a woman’s choice in matters of abortion. Norma McCorvey sought an abortion in Texas, but was denied under state law.
What Supreme Court case established separate but equal in 1896?
African American students at a segregated school following the supreme court case Plessy v Ferguson established Separate But Equal, 1896. Plessy v. Ferguson was a Supreme Court decision that upheld the separate but equal doctrine.
What are the 7 most important Supreme Court cases?
7 Important Supreme Court Cases. 1 Marbury v. Madison (1803) James Madison, America's Third President. He was named in the key Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison. traveler1116 / ... 2 McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 3 Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 4 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 5 Korematsu v. United States (1946) More items
Which case gave the Supreme Court a very significant power?
of Marbury v. MadisonThe best-known power of the Supreme Court is judicial review, or the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution, is not found within the text of the Constitution itself. The Court established this doctrine in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803).
Why was Marbury v. Madison significant?
Marbury v. Madison, arguably the most important case in Supreme Court history, was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of "judicial review" -- the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution.
What was the Supreme courts first case of significance?
The first cases reached the Supreme Court during its second year, and the Justices handed down their first opinion on August 3, 1791 in the case of West v. Barnes. During its first decade of existence, the Supreme Court rendered some significant decisions and established lasting precedents.
What is the most significant power of the courts?
The federal courts' most important power is that of judicial review, the authority to interpret the Constitution.
Why is McCulloch v Maryland important?
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.
What is Marbury v. Madison quizlet?
Marbury v. Madison 1803. The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789).
Why are landmark cases of the Supreme Court Important?
Landmark cases are important because they change the way the Constitution is interpreted. When new cases are brought before the courts, the decisions made by the Supreme Court in landmark cases are looked at to see how the judge shall rule.
How did early Supreme Court decisions such as McCulloch v Maryland and Gibbons v Ogden impact the relationship between the federal and state governments?
1:033:54U.S. History | McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipHe referred to the implied powers of the Necessary. And Proper Clause. That powers not specificallyMoreHe referred to the implied powers of the Necessary. And Proper Clause. That powers not specifically granted to Congress by the Constitution.
What is a landmark case quizlet?
the power of the U.S. courts to examine the laws or actions of the legislative and executive branches of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the U.S. Constitution. landmark. an important or unique decision, event, fact, or discovery. legal equality.
Which Supreme Court is the most powerful?
The Supreme Court is the most powerful court of law in the United States. It was authorized by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution. It says, "the judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish."
What was Marbury vs Madison summary?
Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.
What powers are granted to the Supreme Court?
As the final arbiter of the law, the Court is charged with ensuring the American people the promise of equal justice under law and, thereby, also functions as guardian and interpreter of the Constitution.
What did the Supreme Court say about segregation?
Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court sanctioned segregation by upholding the doctrine of "separate but equal.". The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People disagreed with this ruling, challenging the constitutionality of segregation in the Topeka, Kansas, school system.
What case was Honor the important figures involved in?
Honor the important figures involved in the related cases Brown v. Board of Education and Mendez v. Westminster using a readers theater presentation.
What is the case of Bethel v. Fraser?
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987) Holding: Students do not have a First Amendment right to make obscene speeches in school. Matthew N. Fraser, a student at Bethel High School, was suspended for three days for delivering an obscene and provocative speech to the student body. In this speech, he nominated his fellow classmate ...
Why was the New York Times sued?
The New York Times was sued by the Montgomery, Alabama police commissioner, L.B. Sullivan, for printing an advertisement containing some false statements. The Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favor of the newspaper saying the right to publish all statements is protected under the First Amendment.
Which act established the doctrine of judicial review?
Madison (1803) Holding: Established the doctrine of judicial review. In the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress gave the Supreme Court the authority to issue certain judicial writs. The Constitution did not give the Court this power.
Who subpoenaed audio tapes of the Watergate affair?
The special prosecutor in the Watergate affair subpoenaed audio tapes of Oval Office conversations. President Nixon refused to turn over the tapes, asserting executive privilege. The Supreme Court ruled that the defendants' right to potentially exculpating evidence outweighed the President's right to executive privilege if national security was not compromised.
What was Gideon accused of?
Gideon was accused of committing a felony. Being indigent, he petitioned the judge to provide him with an attorney free of charge. The judge denied his request. The Supreme Court ruled for Gideon, saying that the Sixth Amendment requires indigent criminal defendants to be provided an attorney free of charge.
What is landmark court decision?
Landmark court decisions in the United States substantially change the interpretation of existing law. Such a decision may settle the law in more than one way: establishing a significant new legal principle or concept; overturning prior precedent based on its negative effects or flaws in its reasoning;
What is landmark court?
establishing a test or a measurable standard that can be applied by courts in future decisions. In the United States, landmark court decisions come most frequently from the Supreme Court. United States courts of appeals may also make such decisions, particularly if the Supreme Court chooses not to review the case or if it adopts the holding ...
Why are segregated schools unconstitutional?
483 (1954) Segregated schools in the states are unconstitutional because they violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court found that the separate but equal doctrine adopted in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) "has no place in the field of public education".
Which amendment is Eisenstadt v. Baird?
438 (1972) A Massachusetts law that criminalizes the use of contraception by unmarried couples violates the right to privacy established in Griswold as well as the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Why is Griswold v. Connecticut unconstitutional?
479 (1965) A Connecticut law that criminalizes the use of contraception by married couples is unconstitutional because all Americans have a constitutionally protected right to privacy.
What is the meaning of Dred Scott v. Sandford?
393 (1857) People of African descent that are slaves or were slaves and subsequently freed, along with their descendants, cannot be United States citizens. Consequently, they cannot sue in federal court. Additionally, slavery cannot be prohibited in U.S. territories before they are admitted to the Union as doing so would violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. After the Civil War, this decision was voided by the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution.
Which amendment is the Muller v. Oregon case?
Muller v. Oregon, 208 U.S. 412 (1908) Oregon's restrictions on the working hours of women are constitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment because they are justified by the strong state interest in protecting women's health.
Which Supreme Court case allowed for implied powers of the federal government according to the "necessary and proper"?
Public Domain / Virginia Memory. In a unanimous decision for McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court allowed for implied powers of the federal government according to the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution.
What was the significance of the Marbury v. Madison case?
This court case and the others listed here are those that have had a significant impact on determining the abilities of the U.S. Supreme Court to determine civil rights cases and clarifies the power of the federal government over state's rights.
Why did Korematsu v. United States happen?
Korematsu v. United States upheld the conviction of Frank Korematsu for defying an order to be interned with other Japanese-Americans during World War II. This ruling placed the security of the United States over individual rights. This ruling remains in the spotlight as controversy swirls around the detention of suspected terrorists at Guantanamo Bay prison.
What is the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
Plessy v. Ferguson was a Supreme Court decision that upheld the separate but equal doctrine. This ruling interpreted the 13th Amendment to mean that separate facilities were allowed for different races. This case was a cornerstone of segregation in the South.
What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?
Scott v. Stanford, also known as the Dred Scott decision, had major implications about the condition of enslavement. The court case struck down the Missouri Compromise and the Kansas-Nebraska Act and ruled that just because an enslaved person was living in a "free" state, that didn't mean they weren't still enslaved.
What was the purpose of Gibbons v. Ogden?
Gibbons v. Ogden established the supremacy of the federal government over states' rights. The case gave the federal government the power to regulate interstate commerce, which was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the Constitution.
What was the significance of the Ferguson case?
Ferguson. This landmark case was a significant step in the civil rights movement. In fact, President Eisenhower sent federal troops to force desegregation of a school in Little Rock, Arkansas, based on this decision. Cite this Article.
Who argued that the Constitution structured the federal judiciary so that it would be a federal system?
In Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton argued that the Constitution structured the federal judiciary so that it would
Which court determines the constitutionality of a government?
The authority of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of governmental action is known as
Which law must all laws in the United States comply with?
D. All laws in the United States must comply with the U.S. Constitution
Which law is binding only on the actions of the federal government?
A. Constitutional law is binding only on the actions of the federal government.
What is the principle of stare decisis?
The principle of stare decisis, a Latin phrase that means "let the decision stand," is the basis of the modern legal concept of
Overview
Landmark court decisions in the United States substantially change the interpretation of existing law. Such a decision may settle the law in more than one way:
• establishing a significant new legal principle or concept;
• overturning prior precedent based on its negative effects or flaws in its reasoning;
Individual rights
• Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857) People of African descent that are slaves or were slaves and subsequently freed, along with their descendants, cannot be United States citizens. Consequently, they cannot sue in federal court. Slavery cannot be prohibited in U.S. territories before they are admitted to the Union as doing so would violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. After the Civil War, this decision was voided by the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amend…
Criminal law
• Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383 (1914) Exclusionary rule, under which evidence obtained in violation of the Constitution cannot be admitted at trial, formulated for federal prosecutions.
• Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States, 251 U.S. 385 (1920) All evidence developed and obtained based on evidence obtained unconstitutionally is "fruit of the poisonous tree" and cannot be used at trial.
Election-related cases
• Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98 (2000) The recount of ballots in Florida during the 2000 presidential election violated the Equal Protection Clause because different standards of counting were used in the counties that were subjected to the recount. This decision effectively resolved the election in favor of the Republican nominee, George W. Bush.
• Chiafalo v. Washington, 591 U.S. ___ (2020) States have the ability to require Presidential electors to vote for the candidate who wins the state's po…
Federalism
• Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793) The Constitution prevents the states from exercising sovereign immunity. Therefore, the states can be sued in federal court by citizens of other states. This decision was voided by the Eleventh Amendment in 1795, just two years after it was handed down.
• Hylton v. United States, 3 U.S. 171 (1796) A tax on the possession of goods is not a direct tax that must be apportioned among the states according to their populations. This case feature…
• Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793) The Constitution prevents the states from exercising sovereign immunity. Therefore, the states can be sued in federal court by citizens of other states. This decision was voided by the Eleventh Amendment in 1795, just two years after it was handed down.
• Hylton v. United States, 3 U.S. 171 (1796) A tax on the possession of goods is not a direct tax that must be apportioned among the states according to their populations. This case featured th…
Native American law
• Johnson v. M'Intosh, 21 U.S. 543 (1823) Private citizens cannot purchase lands from Native Americans.
• Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. 515 (1832) The Supreme Court laid out the relationship between tribes and the state and federal governments. It is considered to have built the foundations of the doctrine of tribal sovereignty in the United States, because the relationship between the Indian Nations and the United States is that of nations.
First Amendment rights
• National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie, 432 U.S. 43 (1977) If a state seeks to impose an injunction in the face of a substantial claim of First Amendment rights, it must provide strict procedural safeguards, including immediate appellate review. Absent such immediate review, the appellate court must grant a stay of any lower court order restricting the exercise of speech and assembly rights.
Second Amendment rights
• United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1876) The Second Amendment has no purpose other than to restrict the powers of the federal government. The right to keep and bear arms for a lawful purpose is not a right granted by the Constitution or dependent upon the Constitution for its existence. (overruled by District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) and McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010)).