Where did the Mescalero Apache live?
Where did the Mescalero Apache live in Texas? The pink south Texas Coahuiltecan region and the western part of the dark blue Karankawa land is the area the Lipan moved into. The light blue west Texas Jumano region is where the Mescaleros moved. They took the Lipan to the New Mexico reservations to live with the Mescalero Apache.
What region does the Lipan Apache live?
Present-day Lipan live mostly throughout the U.S. Southwest, in Texas, New Mexico, and the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona, as well as with the Mescalero tribe on the Mescalero Reservation in New Mexico; some currently live in urban and rural areas throughout North America (Mexico, United States, and Canada).
Where did the Indian tribe named Apache live?
- The Apache tribe lived in the American southwest desert regions in the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas
- Land: It was a dry, arid, rocky land dotted with cactus
- Climate: The climate was hot with little rain
- Animals: The desert animals were reptiles and snakes. ...
What are the surrounding states where the Apache lives?
Western Apache
- Cibecue is a Western Apache group, according to Goodwin, from north of the Salt River between the Tonto and White Mountain Apache, consisting of Ceder Creek, Carrizo, and Cibecue (proper) ...
- San Carlos. ...
- Tonto. ...
What Texas region did the Lipan Apache live?
The Apache maintained a presence in northern Mexico in subsequent decades, but the Lipan and Mescalero were often found in the region of south and Central Texas, particularly on the Nueces, the San Antonio, and Guadalupe river areas as well as the Colorado.
Where are the Lipan Apache located?
Lipan Apache are Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) Native Americans whose traditional territory includes present-day US states of Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado, and the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas, prior to the 17th century.
Where did the Apache tribe live?
The Apache dominated much of northern Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas for hundreds of years. It is estimated that about 5,000 Apache lived in the Southwest in 1680 AD. Some Apache lived in the mountains, while others lived on the plains.
When did the Lipan Apache arrived in Texas?
A nomadic tribe, the Lipan moved from out of the Southwest and settled on the Texas plains before 1650. Bénard de La Harpe, however, reported their presence in present Latimer County, Oklahoma, in 1719.
What are Lipan Apache known for?
The Lipan Apache Tribe is the descendent American Indian tribe of confederated eastern Apache bands that used to defend a homeland spanning from the Southern Great Plains to the Gulf of Mexico and who have had a long-standing existence in the vast area of Texas which pre-dates European settlements.
Where are the Apache originally from?
Historically, the Apache homelands have consisted of high mountains, sheltered and watered valleys, deep canyons, deserts, and the southern Great Plains, including areas in what is now Eastern Arizona, Northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua) and New Mexico, West Texas, and Southern Colorado.
Are Apaches Mexican?
They're known as Apaches, and they don't just live in the United States. They have homes and communities in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Sonora, northern Durango, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. They're alive, here and now, in the 21st Century, but officially they do not exist in Mexico.
Where are the Apache from?
The Apache traditionally lived in the Southern Great Plains including Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. They are closely related to the Navajo Indians. The Apache lived in two types of traditional homes; wikiups and teepees. The wikiup, also called a wigwam, was a more permanent home.
Where is the Lipan Apache Tribe located?
The Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas is headquartered in McAllen, Texas .
What is the language of Lipan Apache?
Lipan Apache is a Southern Athabaskan language. Two people in 1981 living on the Mescalero Apache reservation are to be native speakers. As of 2013, a concerted effort by Lipan-speaking members living off reservation throughout North America strives to keep the language and traditional culture alive.
What was the name of the Apache tribe that defeated the Hasinais?
During 1757, the Lipan Apache were involved in fighting with the Hasinais. The Lipan participated in a Spanish expedition against the Wichita and Comanche in 1759, but were defeated in the Battle of the Twin Villages . Their territory ranged from the Colorado River of Texas to the Rio Grande.
How many people were in the Lipan tribe in 1762?
Their territory ranged from the Colorado River of Texas to the Rio Grande. Two Lipan local group chiefs had a total of 700 people in 1762. Since at least 12 other local groups existed, Morris Opler estimated that the population was around 3,000–4,000. He estimated a total of 6,000 in 1700.
Where do Lipan live?
Present-day Lipan live mostly throughout the U.S. Southwest, in Texas, New Mexico, and the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona, as well as with the Mescalero tribe on the Mescalero Reservation in New Mexico; some currently live in urban and rural areas throughout North America (Mexico, United States, and Canada).
What was the name of the Mexican state that the US fought to get rid of the Lipan?
From 1875 to 1876, United States Army troops undertook joint military campaigns with the Mexican Army to eliminate the Lipan from the state of Coahuila in northern Mexico. In 1881, a large campaign by Mexican Army ’s Díaz division (assisted by US troops) forced all Lipan out of Coahuila and into Chihuahua .
What is the name of the people who lived in the river valleys of the southern Texan Plains?
Túntsaõde or Tuintsunde ("The People of Big Water", "The Big Water People"), called by the Lipan Kónitsàà, Kónitsàà-hîî ("Big Water People", "Great Water People"), "Eastern Lipan", because they lived in the river valleys of the southern Texan Plains against the Gulf of Mexico.
Where did the Lipan Apaches come from?
Lipan Apaches enter Texas from Great Plains; claim area around San Antonio as homeland and call it “Many Houses;” Lipans develop a tribal identity−Lipan means “Light Gray People.”. Lipans develop a trade route to the Pecos Pueblo by following Rio Grande upriver to the Pecos. Lipans call Pecos Pueblo “White House.”.
What tribes did the Lipans trade with?
Lipans establish stolen- horses-for-guns trade with east Texas tribes. 1751. A large group of Lipan traditionalists who wish no contact with Spanish other than raiding, and led by Bigotes (Whiskers or Mustached One), break away and cross the Rio Grande into Coahuila.
What mission did the Comanches enter?
1700. Comanches enter Texas and begin to contest the Plains Lipans for control of the high plains of Texas. 1703. Mission San Francisco Solano revived on site of older San Ildefonso mission (Coahuila). 1708. San Francisco Solano moved to the Rio Grande.
What battle did Lipan want to assist?
1836. Lipans watch Battle of Alamo unfold and want to assist Alamo defenders. Lipan proposed aid is based on friendship with Hispanic Tejano defenders, not on ties with Bowie and Travis, and dates back to Royalist-Republican battles of 1814, particularly the Battle of Medina. 1840−1880.
When did the Lipans attack the Béxar Presidio?
1745. On the night of June 30th, over 300 Lipans attack the Béxar presidio, setting fire to many buildings; when soldiers fire guns, Lipans break off and run down side streets seeking to attack from another direction; the Apache attackers are run off by a large body of mission Indians. 1749.
Where did the Béxar presidio move to?
Béxar presidio moved to a site west of the San Antonio River. The Solano mission on the Rio Grande is dismantled and moved to the San Antonio River; renamed Mission San Antonio de Valero. 1715−1720. Comanches and Lipans fight epic 9-day battle in Red River Basin. Lipan corpses are “left in piles like leaves.”.
When was the first mission dedicated to converting the Lipan?
1753. On Feb. 1st, villa of San Fernando de Austria is founded on Rio Escondido (Coahuila); first settlers come from families of San Juan Bautista. 1754. First mission dedicated to converting the Lipan is founded at the site of the old mission of San Ildefonso (Rio Escondido, Coahuila) on Dec. 21st.
Overview
Bands
By about 1720, the Apache were driven from the southern Great Plains by the Comanche and their allies, the so-called Norteños and those migrating to southern Texas were called the Lipan. The Lipan divided into several regional groupings/divisions comprising several bands - the Forest Lipan division (Chishîìhîî, Chishį́į́hį́į́, Tcici, Tcicihi – "People of the Forest") or Western Lipan, and the Plains Lipan division (Goãgahîî, Golgahį́į́, Kó'l kukä'ⁿ, Kó´l Kahäⁿ - "Tall Grass People", "High Gr…
Synonymy
The name "Lipán" is a Spanish adaption of their self-designation as Hleh-pai Ndé or Lépai-Ndé ("Light Gray People") reflecting their migratory story. The Lipan are also known as Querechos, Vaqueros, Pelones, Nde buffalo hunters, Eastern Apache, Apache de los Llanos, Lipan, Ipande, Ypandes, Ipandes, Ipandi, Lipanes, Lipanos, Lipanis, Lipaines, Lapane, Lapanne, Lapanas, Lipau, Lipaw, Apaches Lipan, Apacheria Lipana, and Lipanes Llaneros. The first recorded name is Ypan…
History
The Lipan are first mentioned in Spanish records in 1718 when they raided Spanish settlements in San Antonio. The Lipan likely had become established in Texas during the latter half of the 17th century. They moved southward during the 18th century; a Spanish mission for these people was built in Coahuila in 1754 and another on the San Sabá River in 1757. Both missions were burned and des…
Chiefs
• Bigotes (="Mustached One") (middle of the 18th century) (1751 he left Texas and crossed with his Kuné tsa the Rio Grande into Coahuila. About this date they lived along the Rio Escondido and Rio San Rodrigo in Coahuila)
• Poca Ropa (="few or scant clothes") (ca. 1750 – ca. 1790) (Chief of the Tcha shka-ó´zhäye along the lower Pecos River)
Language
Lipan Apache is a Southern Athabaskan language. Two people in 1981 living on the Mescalero Apache reservation are to be native speakers. As of 2013, a concerted effort by Lipan-speaking members living off reservation throughout North America strives to keep the language and traditional culture alive.
Further reading
• Carlisle, JD. Dissertation. "Spanish Relations with the Apache Nations East of the Rio Grande". The University of North Texas, May 2001
• Dunn, William E. "Apache relations in Texas, 1717-1750." Texas State Historical Association Quarterly, 14.
• Dunn, William E. "Missionary activities among the eastern Apaches previous to the founding of the San Sabá missions." Texas State Historical Association Quarterly, 15.
External links
• Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas, official website
• Lipan Apache Band of Texas, official website
• Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas Online Museum
• 1600-1900 Timeline of The Lipan Apache of Texas and Northern Mexico