The reasons behind the Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attic…
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant. Although the sea is sometimes consider…
What are facts about the Peloponnesian War?
- The first major war between Athens and Sparta is often called the Archidamian War after Sparta's King Archidamus II.
- The "long walls" of Athens were around 4 ½ miles long each. ...
- After Sparta defeated Athens, they ended democracy and set up a new government ruled by the "Thirty Tyrants". ...
- The Greek soldiers were called hoplites. ...
Why did the Peloponnesian War last so long?
Why did the Peloponnesian War last so long? The Siege and plague must have made the Athenians feel discouraged plus losing their leader and one third of the population. This also made them vulnerable to attack. Despite the curse of the gods, the Athenians kept going. What effect do you think the siege and the plague had on the Athenians?
What were the consequences of the Peloponnesian War?
What were the consequences of the Peloponnesian War? What was the long-term effect of the Peloponnesian War? The wealth, prestige, policies, and power of Athens caused resentment among other city-states. A plague that killed many Athenians helped Sparta defeat Athens. The Peloponnesian War weakened all of the Greek city-states for 50 years.
What ended the Peloponnesian War?
The end of the Peloponnesian War: Once Alcibiades had changed sides, he taught the Spartans how to use a navy, and the Athenians started to lose the war. They tried to get help from the Persians, they tried having an oligarchy; they tried to get Alcibiades back, but by 404 BC the Athenians lost the war.
What were the effects of the Peloponnesian War?
Impact of the Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War marked the end of the Golden Age of Greece, a change in styles of warfare and the fall of Athens, once the strongest city-state in Greece. The balance in power in Greece was shifted when Athens was absorbed into the Spartan Empire.
What were the causes of Peloponnesian War?
The Peloponnesian War was caused by the growing power of Athens and Sparta. It was also caused by their rivalry, and the tensions built between city-states by the Delian League.
What was the main effect of the Peloponnesian War quizlet?
What effect did the Peloponnesian War have on democracy? - It spread democracy to Sparta and a few other small city-states.
What were 3 outcomes of the Peloponnesian War?
Peloponnesian WarDate431 – April 25, 404 BCLocationMainland Greece, Asia Minor, SicilyResultPeloponnesian League victory Thirty Tyrants installed in Athens Spartan hegemonyTerritorial changesDissolution of the Delian League; Spartan hegemony over Athens and its allies; Persia regains control over Ionia.
What caused the Peloponnesian War quizlet?
What caused the Peloponnesian War? Greece was not big enough for the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League to be in control. Each league was fighting for allegiance with the city-states.
What was the Peloponnesian War?
The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.). This war shifted power from Athens to Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the region.
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
SpartaAthens was forced to surrender, and Sparta won the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. Spartans terms were lenient.
What caused Sparta to want to go to war with Athens?
The reasons for this war are sometimes traced back as far as the democratic reforms of Cleisthenes, which Sparta always opposed. However, the more immediate reason for the war was Athenian control of the Delian League, the vast naval alliance that allowed it to dominate the Mediterranean Sea.
How did the Athenian government change after the Peloponnesian War?
After the Peloponnesian War, the Spartans set up an oligarchy in Athens, which was called the Thirty. It was short-lived, and democracy was restored. And due to an ill-conceived Spartan foreign policy, Athens was able to recover.
What effect did the conflict between Athens and Sparta have on ancient Greek civilization?
What effect did the conflict between Athens and Sparta have on ancient Greek civilization? It caused further fractures among the Greek city-states. What conclusion regarding Greek city-states does the satellite image support? Mountains and seas encouraged them to develop independently.
What were the causes of the Peloponnesian War?
The causes of the main Peloponnesian War need to be traced at least to the early 430s—the Great Gap period—although if Thucydides was right in his general explanation for the war, namely Spartan fear of Athenian expansion, the development of the entire…
What happened in 433, when Athens allied itself with Corcyra?
In the following years their respective blocs observed an uneasy peace. The events that led to renewed hostilities began in 433, when Athens allied itself with Corcyra (modern Corfu ), a strategically important colony of Corinth.
What happened to the Spartan fleet in 405?
The end came in 405 when the Athenian navy was destroyed at Aegospotami by the Spartan fleet under Lysander, who had received much aid from the Persians.
What was the Athenian alliance?
The Athenian alliance was, in fact, an empire that included most of the island and coastal states around the northern and eastern shores of the Aegean Sea. Sparta was leader of an alliance of independent states that included most of the major land powers of the Peloponnese and central Greece, as well as the sea power Corinth.
How long did the Spartans fight?
The years of fighting that followed can be divided into two periods, separated by a truce of six years. The first period lasted 10 years and began with the Spartans, under Archidamus II, leading an army into Attica, the region around Athens.
Who voted to massacre the men of Mytilene and enslave everyone else?
Urged on by the demagogue Cleon, the Athenians voted to massacre the men of Mytilene and enslave everyone else, but they relented the next day and killed only the leaders of the revolt. Spartan initiatives during the plague years were all unsuccessful except for the capture of the strategic city Plataea in 427.
Did Thucydides survive the plague?
Thucydides survived an attack of the plague and left a vivid account of its impact on Athenian morale. In the meantime (430–429), the Spartans attacked Athenian bases in western Greece but were repulsed. The Spartans also suffered reverses at sea.
What was the Peloponnesian War?
Vocabulary. The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.). This war shifted power from Athens to Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the region. The war featured two periods of combat separated by ...
How did Sparta start the war?
The Spartan army began by raiding lands within an Athenian allied territory, particularly a region near Athens called Attica. The Athenians had built walls stretching from their seaport to the city of Athens.
What was the agreement between Sparta and Athens?
After years of open warfare, Sparta offered peace and Athens accepted. The agreement was made official with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. The treaty stated that Athens and Sparta would defend each other for the next 50 years. However, the treaty only lasted six.
Why did the Athenians use the walls?
Instead, the Athenians used their navy to deliver troops into the Spartan territory to conduct raids on settlements.
Who defeated the Athenian fleet?
It would be another decade of warfare before the Spartan general Lysander defeated the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami. This defeat led to Athenian surrender. As a result, the Peloponnesian War was concluded. Simultaneous to the end of this conflict came the end of the golden age of ancient Greece.
Who was Sparta's allies?
One of Sparta’s allies, Corinth , had directly engaged the Athenian army. As a Spartan ally, Corinth resumed hostilities toward Athens when Athens threatened Corinth ’s interests in the region surrounding Corcyra. This eventually drew Sparta into the conflict.
Which Greek city had a lot of power?
To summarize everything up, Athens had gotten a lot of power. An example: The Delian League. Sparta felt like they had lost some of their glory, and got a little defensive.
What was Sparta's military alliance?
The Spartan alliances are referred to as the Peloponnesian League (N.S. Gill) .
Why did Sparta fight in the war?
However, the more immediate reason for the war was Athenian control of the Delian League, the vast naval alliance that allowed it to dominate the Mediterranean Sea.
When did Sparta and Athens sign a treaty of mutual protection?
In 433 BC , when Athens signed a treaty of mutual protection with Corcyra (modern-day Corfu) - one of the few other city-states with a major navy of its own - Sparta and its allies interpreted the move as an act of provocation.
What happened in 431 BC?
A year later Sparta cancelled its peace treaty with Athens . Then in 431 BC a contingent of soldiers from Thebes, Sparta's ally, tried to seize control of a town called Potidea. Caught and imprisoned, the townspeople put all 200 members of the advanced party to death.
When did the League of Nations become an empire?
By 454 BC, when the League's treasury was transferred to Athens, the alliance had become an empire in all but name. Over the next two decades it began treating its fellow members as ruled subjects rather than partners, and fought several short wars to force members who wanted to leave the League to rejoin it.
