The Sauk transgression was one of the most dramatic global marine transgressions in Earth history. It is recorded by deposition of predominantly Cambrian non-marine to shallow marine sheet sandstones unconformably above basement rocks far into the interiors of many continents.
What caused the Sauk transgression?
The transgression is attributed to thermal subsidence following the breakup of the supercontinent of Rodinia, combined with a rise in global sea level due to climate change or shifts in global tectonics.
What rock formation is the base of the Sauk transgression?
Based on various lines of evidence preserved in the rock record, Cambrian sandstone appears to have first been distributed by wind and rivers. The Sauk transgression that followed caused marine reworking of much of that sand.
What caused the Tippecanoe sequence?
It is an erosional surface resulting from a rapid drop in sea level. Throughout the Tippecanoe, sea level is transgressing onto the craton. As average sea level rose, there were fits and starts of smaller sequences, higher order sequences, within the Tippecanoe.
What are Sloss sequences?
DEFINITION: The Sauk Sequence (Sloss and others, 1949) comprises those strata that overlie an interregional conformity cut on late Pre- cambrian and older rocks and underlie an Page 4 96 L. L. SLOSS—SEQUENCES IN CRATONIC INTERIOR OF NORTH AMERICA interregional unconformity at the base of the succeeding Tippecanoe ...
What is meant by transgression and regression?
A transgression is a landward shift of the coastline while regression is a seaward shift. The terms are applied generally to gradual changes in coast line position without regard to the mechanism causing the change.
When did the Sauk sequence occur?
about 650 to 460 million years agorecognized of these are the Sauk Sequence (Late Precambrian to mid-Ordovician; about 650 to 460 million years ago), the Tippecanoe Sequence (mid-Ordovician to Early Devonian; about 460 to 400 million years ago), the Kaskaskia Sequence (Early Devonian to mid-Carboniferous; about 408 to 320 million years ago), and the ...
Why was the Battle of Tippecanoe so important?
The 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe was an important milestone on the frontier as the US victory negatively impacted Tecumseh's rising confederacy and halted any plans for a large-scale Native American war.
What was the cause of the Tippecanoe Battle conflicts over white expansion into?
Battle Overview Fought primarily over white expansion into Indian territory, the battle lasted approximately one day with the United States securing victory. The conflict at Tippecanoe was the primary catalyst for the War of 1812 between Britain and the United States.
What happened in the Battle of Tippecanoe?
Battle of Tippecanoe, (November 7, 1811), victory of a seasoned U.S. expeditionary force under Major General William Henry Harrison over Shawnee Indians led by Tecumseh's brother Laulewasikau (Tenskwatawa), known as the Prophet.
Which was the first major transgressive sequence onto the North American Craton?
The first major transgression onto the craton during the Paleozoic was the Tippecanoe. The four Paleozoic transgressive sequences are in order from oldest to youngest are Sauk, Tippecanoe, Kaskaskia, and Zuni.
What do Cyclothems represent?
A cyclothem is a series of repeating sediments representing the transgression and regression of H2O or the submergence and emergence of land. In coal-bearing strata, changes in depositional environment produced a cyclic repetition of beds.
What is a craton in geology?
craton, the stable interior portion of a continent characteristically composed of ancient crystalline basement rock. The term craton is used to distinguish such regions from mobile geosynclinal troughs, which are linear belts of sediment accumulations subject to subsidence (i.e., downwarping).
What is the Sauk transgression?
The Sauk transgression was one of the most dramatic global marine transgressions in Earth history. It is recorded by deposition of predominantly Cambrian non-marine to shallow marine sheet sandstones unconformably above basement rocks far into the interiors of many continents.
What is U-Pb analysis?
U–Pb analytical data are presented here in age–distribution diagrams, which account for both the age and analytical uncertainty of each analysis. These plots were generated by assuming normal uncertainty distributions for each grain age, followed by the summing of all normal distributions into composites, which were then normalized to subtend equal areas under the curves. A discordance filter of 10% was applied to grains older than 600 Ma.
Where is the Sixtymile Formation?
Below the Great Unconformity, the Sixtymile Formation 20, 24, 25 is exposed in the eastern Grand Canyon along the Chuar syncline, which formed during west-down normal slip on the Butte fault 20 (Supplementary Fig. S1 ). It underlies the Tapeats Sandstone with angular unconformity in places but can be locally disconformable (Supplementary Figs. S2 and S3 ). It includes lacustrine, shallow marine and fluvial units, with numerous landslides or subaqueous slumps in lower units suggesting that its deposition took place in a fault-controlled basin during reactivation of the Butte fault 20, 25. Before this study, the age of the Sixtymile Formation was bracketed by the 729.0 ± 0.9 Ma ash of the underlying Chuar Group 26 and 515–507 Ma Bolbolenellus euryparia to Glossopleura walcotti Zone trilobites of the overlying Bright Angel Shale 27, 28.
What happened during the late Proterozoic?
1. During the late Proterozoic, the global supercontinent began to break up so that by early Cambrian time, all the continental fragments were surrounded by slowly subsiding passive margins. 2.
What is the purpose of cross stratification in Cambrian sandstone?
6. Cross stratification in Cambrian sandstone helps geologists determine the direction of wind or water current at the time of sediment deposition. 7. Based on various lines of evidence preserved in the rock record, Cambrian sandstone appears to have first been distributed by wind and rivers.
What was the Tippecanoe transgression?
The Tippecanoe transgression ended this period of erosion, beginning with the deposition of clean sandstones across the craton, followed by abundant carbonate deposition. In the east these carbonates gradually become shales, representing sediments eroded from highlands created in the Taconic orogeny. The Tippecanoe sequence may have been the ...
Which Paleozoic period was the Tippecanoe sequence?
The Tippecanoe sequence may have been the deepest of the Paleozoic. At one point during the Silurian period, the Taconic highlands—which later became the Appalachian Mountains --were the only part of North America that was not submerged.
What is the Tippecanoe sequence?
Tippecanoe sequence. The Tippecanoe sequence was the cratonic sequence --that is, the marine transgression --that followed the Sauk sequence; it extended from roughly the Middle Ordovician to the Early Devonian .