Receiving Helpdesk

what was the difference between the upper and lower south

by Autumn Yost Published 3 years ago Updated 3 years ago

The Lower South was a land of cotton and slavery, a land dominated economically by the plantation agriculture. In contrast, the Upper south was primarily the domain of slaveless yeoman farmers, an area largely devoid of cotton and other subtropical cash crops.

Full Answer

How are the Upper South and lower South similar and different?

During the early to mid-19th century, the Upper South and Lower South are similar in the ways that they depend on slave labor for economic reasons. However, they differ through the environments they are located in, and the way they deal with the ideology of racism.

What was the upper and lower South known for?

One region was called the Upper South while the other region was called the Lower South. The Upper South included the states of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. Farming was the main job in these states. Farmers raised tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables in this region by 1860.

What is the difference between Upper South and Upland South?

The term "Upper South" is defined by the Southern states that are geographically north of the Lower or Deep South, whereas the "Upland South" is defined by landforms, history, and culture.

What states make up the Upper South?

The Encyclopædia Britannica defines the Upper South as the states of North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The Upper/Upland South is also described in the Encyclopædia Britannica as the "Yeoman South," in contrast to the "Plantation South."

How did slavery differ in the upper and Lower South quizlet?

How did the experience of slavery differ between the upper South and the lower South? The upper South began to sell slaves to the lower South when they started to plant corn and wheat, it was closer to the Northern abolitionist states, and had less labor.

What is considered Lower South?

LOWER SOUTH, or the Deep South, is that part of the southern United States lying wholly within the cotton belt, including South Carolina, Georgia, and the Gulf states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.

What was the primary crop in the Upper South?

By 1860, the Deep South and Upper South remained agricultural, but each region concentrated on different crops. The Upper South grew more tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables. The Deep South produced more cotton, as well as rice and sugarcane.

What invention increased the demand for African slaves in the American South?

With the invention of the cotton gin, cotton became the cash crop of the Deep South, stimulating increased demand for enslaved people from the Upper South to toil the land.

Where is the Upper South?

The term Upper South is a geographic term: the Southern states that are geographically north of the Lower or Deep South: primarily Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee, and to a lesser extent Delaware, the District of Columbia, and Maryland.

What is the difference between the South and the Deep South?

The Deep South is a descriptive category of cultural and geographic subregions in the American South. Historically, it is differentiated from the "Upper South" as being the states that were most dependent on plantation-type agriculture during the period before the American Civil War.

What kind of economy did the South have?

There was great wealth in the South, but it was primarily tied up in the slave economy. In 1860, the economic value of slaves in the United States exceeded the invested value of all of the nation's railroads, factories, and banks combined. On the eve of the Civil War, cotton prices were at an all-time high.

How many slaves did it take to pick cotton?

This happened along with a textile boom in the Northeastern U.S. By 1850, 1.8 million of the nation's 3.2 million enslaved people were growing and picking cotton. By 1860, enslaved labor produced over 2 billion pounds of cotton each year.

What were the two main crops in the South?

The cash crops of the southern colonies included cotton, tobacco, rice, and indigo (a plant that was used to create blue dye). In Virginia and Maryland, the main cash crop was tobacco. In South Carolina and Georgia, the main cash crops were indigo and rice.

What was another difference between the North and South?

All-encompassing sectional differences on the issue of slavery, such as outright support/opposition of slavery, economic practices, religious practices, education, cultural differences, and political differences kept the North and South at near constant opposition to one another on the issue of slavery.

Is the cotton gin still used today?

There are still cotton gins today that are currently used for separating and processing cotton. Cotton gins have changed over the many years since Eli Whitney first invented his. The cotton gins that are now used are much larger and more efficient although they still use the same ideas.

What year did slavery end?

1865The House Joint Resolution proposing the 13th amendment to the Constitution, January 31, 1865; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.

What is the Upper South?

The Upland South or Upper South is the inland part of the Southern, and lower Midwestern states in contrast to the low-lying coastal plains of the Tidewater region and Deep South . The term "Upper South" is defined by the Southern states that are geographically north of the Lower or Deep South, whereas the "Upland South" is defined by landforms, ...

Where is the Upper South today?

The heavily rhotacized Upland Southern dialect, still predominates in much of West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and portions of North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and Missouri.

What is the difference between the Deep South and the Upland South?

A key difference was the Deep South's plantation -style cash crop agriculture (mainly cotton, rice and sugar ), using African American slaves working large farms while plantation owners tended to live in towns and cities. This system of plantation farming was originally developed in the West Indies and introduced to the United States in South Carolina and Louisiana, from where it spread throughout the Deep South, although there were local exceptions wherever conditions did not support the system. The sharp division between town and country, the intensive use of a few cash crops, and the high proportion of slaves, all differed from the Upland South. Virginia and its surrounding region stand out as different from both the Upland South and the Deep South. Its history predates the West Indian plantation model, and while tobacco was a cash crop from the start, and African slaves were widely used, Virginia did not share many of the Deep South's characteristics, such as the early proliferation of towns and cities.

What are the hills and plateaus in the Upland South?

Also included in the Upland South are the plateaus, hills, and basins between the Appalachians and Ozarks, such as the Cumberland Plateau, part of the Allegheny Plateau, the Nashville Basin, the Shawnee Hills, and the Bluegrass Basin, among others.

What is the landform of the Upland South?

The "Upland South" is usually defined based on landforms. This generally refers to the southern Appalachian Mountains or Appalachia region (although not the full region as defined by the Appalachian Regional Commission ), the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains.

Which states were settled by Upland Southerners?

Later, similar processes resulted in divergent populations in states to the west. Northern Alabama, for example, was settled by Upland Southerners from Tennessee, while southern Alabama was one of the core regions of the Deep South cotton boom.

Where did the settlers of the Midwest come from?

A significant portion of 19th-century settlers of the Midwest was from the Upland South. The southern Midwest was most heavily settled by Upland Southerners, especially in Missouri, southern Indiana, and southern Illinois. This early migration to the southern Midwest included many African Americans.

image
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version424msRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:34:13] LOG.warning: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecat...
  • Booting (12.94ms)
  • Application (410ms)
  • 1 x Application (96.84%)
    410.12ms
    1 x Booting (3.05%)
    12.94ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed388ms
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-07-05 07:34:13' and `slug` = 'what-was-the-difference-between-the-upper-and-lower-south' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      5.41ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-07-05 07:34:13
      • 1. what-was-the-difference-between-the-upper-and-lower-south
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 217763 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      10.39msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 217763
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      1.29ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      990μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      790μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      363ms/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 48269 limit 1
      6.37msview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 48269
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        1zeEeyMnCPw3JqhfYKfMYBhP47xO2Aao5E0mWLKJ
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-was-the-difference-between-the-upper-an...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-was-the-difference-between-the-upper-and-lower-south
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=6fd2fc845e6096bf.1751681041.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ikp2YVVLUXRBR0hWLzVGT0hYbU53Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM25GcE8wOG41Sks2eGx5L2xmcy9pNVFXREtNdUhybjkvVWdOR0p0MXhkL1RaU3ZqS0xtSXkzdVNIR1BTSVNvQWZwc0dIS0dOR2p0b3pOWVhaRGR0UjVGaUZiSFhWK1VCaTJMVVRSZk1HdXFZTHJjakVCLzA1Zks4TkQrVmF6T3UiLCJtYWMiOiJiOTQxY2U1MTRlZDliODFiYjFkNGZhZmM3ZWIxODQ3NDRkZDA5NDUxYzUwMmFmZTUzMzlmNzdiMWRlNTY3OGFhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkljbDJ4OGFMMW1JZkFUOTMyQlF6K2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUnFkeUxHY1RXMmhlQ09HTzkvcDN2aUY1czJONjZGMzVvNk1IbDI1TG9OaTVkak1yems0QWtHSEpuclJ6V2pkdjR4RncwTEFRVVpwZWp3ZWVRWkpTOU90cE8yelFaOGtvN2tDQk5rakdGa3hDams2TlhWSzJBTVdTVkJIK1ZLUmwiLCJtYWMiOiJmZTRjNmRkOGMzMmYwOWYyYWI1OGJjNDEzMjdhNzA1ZDI5OTJiZTVlNTc5ODkzOTIzMDY1ZmQwZTljMmE1NWVlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=6fd2fc845e6096bf.1751681041.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ikp2YVVLUXRBR0hWLzVGT0hYbU53Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM25GcE8wOG41Sks2eGx5L2xmcy9pN" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.41" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "95a34a5a1b95d7f1-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.41, 172.69.58.194" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-was-the-difference-between-the-upper-and-lower-south" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-was-the-difference-between-the-upper-and-lower-south" "REMOTE_PORT" => "54840" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.58.194" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=6fd2fc845e6096bf.1751681041.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ikp2YVVLUXRBR0hWLzVGT0hYbU53Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM25GcE8wOG41Sks2eGx5L2xmcy9pNVFXREtNdUhybjkvVWdOR0p0MXhkL1RaU3ZqS0xtSXkzdVNIR1BTSVNvQWZwc0dIS0dOR2p0b3pOWVhaRGR0UjVGaUZiSFhWK1VCaTJMVVRSZk1HdXFZTHJjakVCLzA1Zks4TkQrVmF6T3UiLCJtYWMiOiJiOTQxY2U1MTRlZDliODFiYjFkNGZhZmM3ZWIxODQ3NDRkZDA5NDUxYzUwMmFmZTUzMzlmNzdiMWRlNTY3OGFhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkljbDJ4OGFMMW1JZkFUOTMyQlF6K2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUnFkeUxHY1RXMmhlQ09HTzkvcDN2aUY1czJONjZGMzVvNk1IbDI1TG9OaTVkak1yems0QWtHSEpuclJ6V2pkdjR4RncwTEFRVVpwZWp3ZWVRWkpTOU90cE8yelFaOGtvN2tDQk5rakdGa3hDams2TlhWSzJBTVdTVkJIK1ZLUmwiLCJtYWMiOiJmZTRjNmRkOGMzMmYwOWYyYWI1OGJjNDEzMjdhNzA1ZDI5OTJiZTVlNTc5ODkzOTIzMDY1ZmQwZTljMmE1NWVlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=6fd2fc845e6096bf.1751681041.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ikp2YVVLUXRBR0hWLzVGT0hYbU53Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM25GcE8wOG41Sks2eGx5L2xmcy9pN" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.41" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "95a34a5a1b95d7f1-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.41, 172.69.58.194" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1751681053.7953 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1751681053 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "1zeEeyMnCPw3JqhfYKfMYBhP47xO2Aao5E0mWLKJ" "askhelpdesk_session" => "gwqoiCqwv3RSYiWd6fHdRMlozjM6Vb7udnDN9Mqq" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sat, 05 Jul 2025 02:04:13 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldiRE4yVEE0ME01UHR0L2VsaityK2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid05OcHlwZGd0SXVsODUyUVB0Ujl2d2lQSVVCL3M0aUFQZTYwMjd3dlFhZ044cGJuZWhvbjFIVkttcEcrcVVON0NJejhlZVZSU3N5ak1GcGhRNFB0TDZCR1R2UllSMVZXcHpSQVcydklBU0RSN0luTUFDVkJuc1BCRmlGQVNnOXQiLCJtYWMiOiI0OTU1MGEwNWZhMWU5ZDg4MGI1OGM0YTMwNTQ5NmNmYzFkMTFhMWM5MzlhOTg5MzIxN2FiZWI5OWVjMTRhODQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 05-Jul-2025 04:04:14 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldiRE4yVEE0ME01UHR0L2VsaityK2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid05OcHlwZGd0SXVsODUyUVB0Ujl2d2lQSVVCL3M0aUFQZTYwMjd3dlFhZ044cGJuZWhvbjFIVkttcEcrcVVON0NJejhlZ" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ik9NQ2loQzRnUEJKeHBTR0cvcW1BK3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibnVwcTR4WW5vNDY2SjBORXVoQzN6aElyeHJjQkE4TUozWUxsNFhPeHNzaUZqL0xmdExSelpjakNKVW42ZXJqNTR6ajN0V2VHOEVMUExDZ0lHZXZGUTVSYXdMNjR1bHJqQ2xnSUhKa0JVbnRmR2lsUm5PeHpBYytYUVB1WmsweG4iLCJtYWMiOiJhODNiNWMzMjI4MjEwY2E0NmZiZjY3NDZjNGIyMzk3MjZhNzU4YjdiZWVhNDUwMjZlYThlY2UyNjQ1ZTIyMGRmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 05-Jul-2025 04:04:14 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ik9NQ2loQzRnUEJKeHBTR0cvcW1BK3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibnVwcTR4WW5vNDY2SjBORXVoQzN6aElyeHJjQkE4TUozWUxsNFhPeHNzaUZqL0xmdExSelpjakNKVW42ZXJq" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldiRE4yVEE0ME01UHR0L2VsaityK2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid05OcHlwZGd0SXVsODUyUVB0Ujl2d2lQSVVCL3M0aUFQZTYwMjd3dlFhZ044cGJuZWhvbjFIVkttcEcrcVVON0NJejhlZVZSU3N5ak1GcGhRNFB0TDZCR1R2UllSMVZXcHpSQVcydklBU0RSN0luTUFDVkJuc1BCRmlGQVNnOXQiLCJtYWMiOiI0OTU1MGEwNWZhMWU5ZDg4MGI1OGM0YTMwNTQ5NmNmYzFkMTFhMWM5MzlhOTg5MzIxN2FiZWI5OWVjMTRhODQ1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 05-Jul-2025 04:04:14 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IldiRE4yVEE0ME01UHR0L2VsaityK2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid05OcHlwZGd0SXVsODUyUVB0Ujl2d2lQSVVCL3M0aUFQZTYwMjd3dlFhZ044cGJuZWhvbjFIVkttcEcrcVVON0NJejhlZ" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ik9NQ2loQzRnUEJKeHBTR0cvcW1BK3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibnVwcTR4WW5vNDY2SjBORXVoQzN6aElyeHJjQkE4TUozWUxsNFhPeHNzaUZqL0xmdExSelpjakNKVW42ZXJqNTR6ajN0V2VHOEVMUExDZ0lHZXZGUTVSYXdMNjR1bHJqQ2xnSUhKa0JVbnRmR2lsUm5PeHpBYytYUVB1WmsweG4iLCJtYWMiOiJhODNiNWMzMjI4MjEwY2E0NmZiZjY3NDZjNGIyMzk3MjZhNzU4YjdiZWVhNDUwMjZlYThlY2UyNjQ1ZTIyMGRmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 05-Jul-2025 04:04:14 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ik9NQ2loQzRnUEJKeHBTR0cvcW1BK3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibnVwcTR4WW5vNDY2SjBORXVoQzN6aElyeHJjQkE4TUozWUxsNFhPeHNzaUZqL0xmdExSelpjakNKVW42ZXJq" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "1zeEeyMnCPw3JqhfYKfMYBhP47xO2Aao5E0mWLKJ" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-was-the-difference-between-the-upper-and-lower-south" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]