What is a European colonial power?
Since the 16th century, genuine European colonial powers such as Spain, Portugal, France and Britain were distinguished by developing a concept of their world rule and basing it on the legacy of Rome.
Why did Europeans colonize the world?
It is characteristic that the impetus for colonialism was often derived as an answer to European history itself. This includes capitalist striving for profit, the colonies as valves for overpopulation, the spirit of exploration, scientific interest, and religious and ideological impulses up to Social-Darwinistic and racist motives.
How did European colonial expansion shape world history?
Transfer processes within Europe and in the colonies show that not only genuine colonial powers such as Spain and England, but also “latecomers” such as Germany participated in the historical process of colonial expansion with which Europe decisively shaped world history. In turn, this process also clearly shaped Europe itself.
How did colonialism change Europe’s self-perception of the world?
The overseas as well as the continental colonial empires of Europe were together characterised by constructing their imperial rule over a developmental differential against the “Other” and, thus, significantly contributed to a changed self-perception of Europe in the world. Essentially, it was more about self-image than the image of others.
How did World War I and the language of liberty and freedom shape the labor movement and workers expectations?
How did World War I and the rhetoric of freedom shape the labor movement and workers' expectations? Wartime rhetoric inspired hopes for social and economic justice. The Fourteen Points: sought to establish the right of national self-determination.
Why were Americans divided over the outbreak of the Great War?
Why were Americans divided over the outbreak of the Great War? Irish-Americans and Russian Jews resented Allied powers Great Britain and Russia, and some American reformers lobbied against the war in the name of social justice and peace.
What did freedom mean to garveyites?
What did freedom mean to Garveyites? National self-determination. The combined efforts of women during the war won them suffrage through the Eighteenth Amendment. The Espionage Act of 1917 prohibited not only spying and interfering with the draft but also "false statements" that might impede military success.
What triggered the surge of conservative governments in Central Europe at the end of world war 1?
What triggered the surge of conservative governments in central Europe at the end of World War I? A worldwide revolutionary upsurge. Why did many people in Eastern Europe consider Woodrow Wilson a "popular saint"? His criticism of imperialism helped Eastern European peoples carve out new independent nations.
What were the main reasons for US involvement in the war?
The main reasons the US got involved in the war was because of nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and forming allies. Many countries were scared of Germany's nationalism.
What were three things that influenced Americans feelings about the war quizlet?
What were three things that influenced Americans' feelings about the war? Socialists saw the war as an imperialist struggle between German and English businessmen. Pacifists believed all wars were bad. Immigrants sympathized with their homelands.
What is garveyites?
Garveyite (plural Garveyites) A supporter of Marcus Garvey (1887–1940), Jamaican journalist and racial campaigner.
How did jazz spread from its roots in the South to the North in the 1920s?
How did jazz spread from it's roots in the south to the north in the 1920s? African American artists and musicians migrated to the North during the great migration.
What is the great migration refers to?
The Great Migration generally refers to the massive internal migration of Blacks from the South to urban centers in other parts of the country. Between 1910 and 1970, an estimated 6 million Blacks left the South.
How were economic competition and imperialism a cause of ww1?
How were economic competition and imperialism causes of World War 1? There were many economic rivalries between countries. Britain felt threatened by the rapid growth of Germany. Germany also felt that the other countries didn't give it enough respect.
What event directly caused the United States to join WWII?
On December 7, 1941, following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States declared war on Japan. Three days later, after Germany and Italy declared war on it, the United States became fully engaged in the Second World War.
What effect did the entry of the United States into World War I have on the course of the war?
The entry of the United States was the turning point of the war, because it made the eventual defeat of Germany possible. It had been foreseen in 1916 that if the United States went to war, the Allies' military effort against Germany would be upheld by U.S. supplies and by enormous extensions of credit.
Who led the European colonial powers in the 18th century?
In the 18th century, the foremost European colonial powers, led by England, solidified their global hegemonic position. If they did not create overseas empires, they conquered territories in the form of a continental colonialism as the Russian monarchy did in Siberia and the Habsburgs in South-eastern Europe.
Which countries participated in the colonial expansion?
Transfer processes within Europe and in the colonies show that not only genuine colonial powers such as Spain and England, but also “latecomers” such as Germany participated in the historical process of colonial expansion with which Europe decisively shaped world history.
What is the depiction of Columbus on his knees?
The heroical depiction of the explorer triumphant reflects the prevalent Western self-conception of the 19th and early 20th centuries: the pioneer of all progress, Western man stands superior to all other civilization.
What island was named after Christopher Columbus?
The picture from the late 19th century shows the discovery and occupation of the island of San Salvador (Watling Island) named after Christopher Columbus (c. 1451–1506). Columbus is depicted on his knees in the centre of the picture.
What were the European exchanges based on?
Financially, they were based on the exchanges, which were becoming ever more central to European economic life, and a modern banking system that coordinated the international trade in luxury goods, such as silk, with that in foods novel to Europe, such as potatoes, maize and rice.
What is the colonial encirclement of the world?
The colonial encirclement of the world is an integral component of European history from the Early Modern Period to the phase of decolonisation. Individual national and expansion histories referred to each other in varying degrees at different times but often also reinforced each other. Transfer processes within Europe and in the colonies show that not only genuine colonial powers such as Spain and England, but also “latecomers” such as Germany participated in the historical process of colonial expansion with which Europe decisively shaped world history. In turn, this process also clearly shaped Europe itself.
Which colonial empires shared the common perception of the Other?
The Dutch, English, Portuguese, Spanish, French and Russian colonial enterprises, which each surveyed the world in its own manner with soldiers, scientists, merchants and missionaries, shared the common perception of the “Other” on the basis of the presumed cultural superiority of the “Self”.
What did the Boers of South Africa do to dominate the natives?
The Boers of South Africa pioneered this racism as an ideological ruling device, using it to dominate the natives by designating themselves as ‘more than human’ and chosen people of divine origin (Arendt 1979: 195), demonstrating a situation analogous (albeit on a lesser scale) to Nazi ideology.
Who glorified the genocidal aspect of imperialism?
Furthermore, the genocidal aspect of imperialism was glorified in themes of ‘genocidal fantasms’ by Karl Angebauer and ‘fraternity and frenzy’ by Carl Koch, both examples of prominent German colonial literature (Lehmann 2011: 121-122).
What period did Arendt describe?
To Arendt it was the period of imperialism from 1884-1914 and the ‘scramble for Africa’ that ensued after the Berlin Conference that saw the rise of the methods and mentalities familiar to totalitarianism.
What is Edward Said's culture and imperialism?
Edward Said’s Culture and Imperialism (1994) captures the way in which the European image of the colonial world was designed to legitimize its domination; this is also evident in imperial German culture.
What was the principle of Pan-Germanic imperialism?
Pan-Germanic imperialism adopted the principle of racism in the form of an ‘enlarged tribal consciousness’, with the Slavic peoples depicted as untermenschen in a familiar colonial paradigm of racial hierarchy (Kopp 2011: 35-40). Furthermore, it used methods of bureaucratic rule and secrecy, pseudo-science, and absolutist ideology ...
How did race thinking transform into racism?
Race-thinking was transformed into racism by the context of imperialism, becoming ‘ideologized’ as a systematic worldview, ‘politicized’ as the organizing principle of politics, and ‘biologized’ with scientific (or pseudo-scientific) theories to generate a justification for imperialism (King 2004: 103-4).
Who was the greatest pioneer of German colonialism?
Carl Peters’ brutal colonial policies became glamorized, and he figured as ‘the greatest pioneer of German colonialism’ (Saré 2011: 160) in Nazi cultural propaganda which attempted to gain popular approval for past atrocities in Africa in order to commit those of their own regime in Europe.
Which country gave the French all the French possessions in America east of the Mississippi?
The Treaty of Paris (1763) gave Great Britain all the French possessions in America east of the Mississippi save two small fishing islands and the island of New Orleans. Spain, which had entered the war, ceded Florida to Great Britain.
What was the epic contest between two peoples?
In its century-long course and its far-reaching consequences, this became one of the epic contests of modern history. It was a protracted war between two peoples, two cultures, and two sets of political and religious institutions.
How many people were in the French colonies in 1754?
They had a population by 1754 of about 1,500,000, which was 15 times as great as that of New France. They held a superior strategic position; operating from inside lines, they could strike at almost any point in the long, thinly peopled French crescent extending from Louisbourg to New Orleans.
What was the final treaty of Rijswijk?
The final Treaty of Rijswijk left matters just as they had previously stood. After a brief breathing space, Queen Anne’s War (1702–13), contemporaneous with the War of Spanish Succession in Europe (1701–14), followed.
What did Louis XIV do to help the French?
His government sent out shiploads of emigrants, gave generous subsidies, encouraged exploration, and helped fur traders and missionaries carry French influence through the Great Lakes region.
What was the despotic if paternal government in Paris?
The despotic if paternal government in Paris kept the colonists under tight rein instead of encouraging self-government and individual initiative based on the English model; it refused to allow any but Roman Catholics to immigrate instead of inviting persons of all faiths.
Who led the French to establish Canada as a colony?
Led by Samuel de Champlain and by Jesuit, Recollect, and Franciscan churchmen, the French strove with little success in the first half of the 17th century to develop Canada as a colony. Seeking fish, furs, and converts in a chilly, difficult land, they failed to plant strong agricultural settlements.
When did the Rhenish aristocrats attempt to establish a German colony in the independent state
In 1844 Rhenish aristocrats attempted to set up a German colony in the independent state of Texas with about 7400 settlers involved. Around half of the colonists died, and the venture proved a complete failure. A constant lack of supplies and land didn't help, and the next year Texas joined the United States.
Who was responsible for the discovery of the unmarked regions on European maps?
Geologists and cartographers explored what were the unmarked regions on European maps, identifying mountains and rivers, and demarcating boundaries. Hermann Detzner and one Captain Nugent, R .A., had charge of a joint project to demarcate the British and German frontiers of Cameroon, which was published in 1913.
What was the result of the Treaty of Versailles?
With the concluding Treaty of Versailles, Article 22, German colonies were transformed into League of Nations mandates and divided between Belgium, the United Kingdom, and certain British Dominions, France and Japan with the determination not to see any of them returned to Germany — a guarantee secured by Article 119.
What were the British and German attitudes in the years before 1914?
Anglo-German colonial issues in the decade before 1914 were minor and both empires, the British and German, took conciliatory attitudes. Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey, considered still a moderate in 1911, was willing to "study the map of Africa in a pro-German spirit". Britain further recognized that Germany really had little of value to offer in territorial transactions; however, advice to Grey and Prime Minister H. H. Asquith hardened by early 1914 "to stop the trend of what the advisers considered Germany’s taking and Britain’s giving."
What did every colony in Africa and the Pacific establish?
Every African protectorate built rail lines to the interior, every colony in Africa and the Pacific established the beginnings of a public school system, and every colony built and staffed hospitals. Whatever the Germans constructed in their colonies was made to last. Qingdao with German buildings, c. 1900.
Which colonial country surrendered in 1915?
However, a few colonial military units held out in remote areas for a while longer: German South West Africa surrendered in 1915, Kamerun in 1916 and German East Africa in 1918.
Which countries gained the German islands?
In the Pacific, Japan gained Germany's islands north of the equator (the Marshall Islands, the Carolines, the Marianas, the Palau Islands) and Kiautschou in China. German Samoa was assigned to New Zealand; German New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and Nauru went to Australia as mandates.