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what stage of the demographic transition is china in

by Dr. Brittany Stoltenberg II Published 3 years ago Updated 3 years ago

Examples of countries in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition are Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Brazil, most of Europe, Singapore, South Korea, and the U.S.Oct 17, 2014

Full Answer

What countries are in the stages of demographic transition?

Which country has the highest rate of family planning?

  • Russia (68% among sexually active women)
  • Cuba (74% among sexually active women)
  • Peru (74% among sexually active women)
  • Costa Rica (76% among sexually active women)
  • Iran (77% among sexually active women)
  • Vietnam (78% among sexually active women)
  • China (89% among sexually active women)

What stage is Kenya in of the demographic transition?

The Demographic Transition Model. Currently, Kenya is in stage 2. The population of Kenya is 40,046,566 (33rd in the world) and is a very young population. It is estimated that 73% of Kenyans are 30 or under. Specifically, 42.3% are 0-14 years old, 55.1% are 15-64 years old, and 2.6% are 65+ years old.

What are the four stages of demographic transition?

  • STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
  • In stage one, pre-industrial society, death rates and birth rates are high and roughly in balance. ...
  • In stage two, that of a developing country, the death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sa

What happens in Stage 2 of the demographic transition model?

What happens in stage 2 of the demographic transition model? Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by a rapid decrease in a country’s death rate while the birth rate remains high. As such, the total population of a country in Stage 2 will rise because births outnumber deaths, not because the birth rate is rising.

Which stage of demographic transition model will China be in 2030?

BEIJING, May 12 (Reuters) - China is expected to reach a "turning point" between 2026 and 2030 with its population plateauing or even shrinking as fewer babies mean a slow down and then a reversal in the momentum of growth, a state think tank said on Wednesday.

What is a Stage 4 country?

A country in Stage 4 will have a much smaller base of young people (fewer children), but a much larger population of elderly (decreased CDR). A nation with a large youth population is more likely to be rural with high birthrates and possibly high death rates.

What country is in stage 5 of Demographic Transition?

In recent years a few countries, primarily in Eastern and Southern Europe, have reached a negative rate of natural increase as their death rates are higher than their birth rates. Possible examples of Stage 5 countries are Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Japan, Portugal and Ukraine.

Does China fit the demographic transition model?

Demographically, China has transformed itself from a "demographic transitional" society, where reductions in mortality led to rapid population growth and subsequent reductions in fertility led to a slower population growth, to a "post-transitional" society, where life expectancy has reached new heights, fertility has ...

Is China a stage 4 Dtm?

That being said, Stage 4 of the DTM is viewed as an ideal placement for a country because total population growth is gradual. Examples of countries in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition are Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Brazil, most of Europe, Singapore, South Korea, and the U.S.

What countries are in stage 3?

As such, Stage 3 is often viewed as a marker of significant development. Examples of Stage 3 countries are Botswana, Colombia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates, just to name a few.

What countries are Stage 2?

Still, there are a number of countries that remain in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition for a variety of social and economic reasons, including much of Sub-Saharan Africa, Guatemala, Nauru, Palestine, Yemen and Afghanistan.

What is Stage 3 of the DTM?

Stage 3: Total population is rising rapidly. The gap between birth and death rates will narrow. Natural increase is high. Death rates will now remain low and steady (to 15 per 1,000) but birth rates will fall quickly (down to around 18 per 1,000).

What countries are in Stage 1 of the DTM?

Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model is considered the pre-industrial stage, or pre-transition, and today no countries are classified within Stage 1 of the DTM.

Is China a developed country?

China is a developing country. Despite having the world's second-largest economy and the largest military, China is still not classified as a developed country by the criteria of most organizations.

What is the population pyramid of China?

China - Population pyramidDate0-14 years %15-64 years %202017.71%70.32%201917.80%70.72%201817.88%71.20%201717.94%71.72%57 more rows

Is China a core country?

China as a Semi-Peripheral Country The core countries specialize in quasi-monopolistic, high-profit production processes, and the peripheral countries specialize in highly competitive, low-profit production processes.

Why is China a three child policy?

It is likely the Chinese government will soon consider a 'three child policy' to force couples into having more babies in order to maintain a low-cost workforce. China & India, 1995: Total Population by Age and Sex.

What was the life expectancy of China in 1949?

Pre - 1949: China had experienced a century of imperial decline, natural disasters, foreign invasion and civil unrest. Life expectancy was as low as 36 years. The communists took over in 1949 after the civil war and began to modernize China.

What was China's policy in 1949?

Communist Leader Mao was impatient with the rate China was developing and sought to quicken the pace, and from this was born the Three Red Flags Policy .

What is the two child policy in China?

This has additional implications: it is usually the rural villages that have established the 'two child policy', meaning that in future China's population may be dominated by undereducated peasants (who already comprise 70% of the population).

How much rice did the local authorities grow in one acre?

In many cases, local officials faked the production of crops. In one case, the local authority claimed that they managed to grow 65,217 kilograms of rice in one acre of land. It was discovered later that the farmers had plucked all the rice seedlings from other parts of the countryside and squeezed them into one plot.

What was the growth rate of the communists in 1949?

1949 - 1958: The communists shifted their attention to economic development and together with a rich resource base there was a 10% annual growth rate in the economy. A very successful healthcare program and better nutrition brought a marked fall in the death rate, especially in infant mortality.

Why was contraception practiced in China?

Contraception was widely practiced throughout China in order to reduce pregnancies and widen the spacing between births.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to chart the demographic transition in China, identify its proximate causes and analyze its socioeconomic implications with reference to, first, the proportion and composition of the dependent population, second, the age structure of the labor force and, third, the size and composition of households.

1. Introduction

The aim of this paper is to outline the demographic transition in China, consider its proximate causes and analyze its socioeconomic implications with reference to the following three: ––the proportion and composition of the dependent population; ––the age structure of the labor force; ––the size and composition of households.

2. Population, composition and the growth pattern

Currently totalling close to 1.27 billion the Chinese population is growing at 0.54% per year (2000 figures)––a low growth rate, which, nevertheless, translates into the large annual increment of roughly 6.7 million. The population divides 64:36 into rural and urban ( SSB, 2001a ).

3. Implications of the demographic transition

As sustained deceleration in population growth, the demographic transition began in 1970 and is at least three to four decades away from a nonrising total population. In 30 years to 2000, the total population increased by around 436 million at the rate of just over 1% per year.

4. Composition of the dependent population

The composition of the dependent population matters for two reasons. First, the respective needs of children and the elderly differ, a feature that is captured by equivalence scales (see for example, Cutler et al., 1990; Deaton, 1997 ).

5. Age-structure of working-age adults

The age structure of working-age adults matters because age, either on its own or as a correlate of features such as educational attainment and experience, is a central consideration in hiring decisions (see Figure 5 ).

6. Households

There are in all around 348 million households in China. Since the 1982 population census, there has been a marked change in the size and the composition of households, both of which have ramifications for the consumption pattern and the living standard.

A Classic Case

The demographic transition of China has played a huge role in the development of the country. Over the past few decades, China has put forth remarkable strategies to control its population, investing more in human capital.

Demographic Trends in China

As mentioned above, the one-child policy brought a lot of ease in reducing the population size of China. It helped reduce child mortality and achieve a decrease in fertility rate, as a result of which the country was able to achieve the economic transition.

The One-Child Policy

The one-child policy was taken up by the neo-Malthusian perspective. This policy has slowed down growth and encouraged changes in age structure, and yet its long-lasting effects have proven fruitful in its reinvestments on human capital and institutional development.

Conclusion

In many ways, China has been an early achiever in terms of low mortality rate, low fertility rate, increase in working-age population and much more. Nonetheless, its rapid growth has caused many challenges, resulting in infertility. This is alarming, since, in the next few years, China could lose more than half of its population.

What is the demographic transition in China?

The population in China grows slowly now. The demographic transition brings about the change of population age structure , which forms demographic window for the infinite supply of labor force. The demographic window provides a new driving force for China’s economic development; however, it will not turn into demographic dividend automatically. The practice of reform and opening up in China indicates that the demographic transition has created a window of opportunity conducive to economic growth and provided the potential for economic development. The demographic window could only be changed into demographic dividend and become an important source of economic growth if it is supplemented by the compatible domestic economic and social development policies and the globalized international economic environment for peaceful development. China has firmly grasped and developed the demographic opportunity, changed the demographic opportunity into economic dividend, harvested the demographic dividend successfully, which promoted the take-off of economic growth, and created the economic miracles in China.

What is the characteristic of the demographic transition in China?

The particular characteristic of the demographic transition in China is the external force of family planning policy. This external force had the policy implemented in an effective and efficient manner.

What is demographic dividend?

Demographic window is a compound variable, which will not automatically be converted into demographic dividend. Demographic window is the important precondition of harvesting demographic dividend and economic social policies are necessary conditions. Along with the demographic transition, the demographic window and demographic dividend are in transition as well.

What is the impact of family planning policy on China?

With the benefits of the family planning policy, China achieved a low crude birth rate and low population growth rate, and completed the demographic transition in a fast pace during the 1990s. In the process of rapid demographic transition, potential demographic opportunities are created explosively that are conducive to economic and social development. Meanwhile, China experienced the unprecedented program of “Reform and Opening up”, which has explored, innovated and established a series of economic and social development policies that suit China’s national conditions and a development path with Chinese characteristics. It has stimulated the potential vitality of population, kept the Chinese economy growing at a high speed for 40 years, and created a miracle of economic and social development. The future development of the population will be based on the stable low fertility rate and gradually decline toward to zero or even negative growth rate. China is expected to reach a new stage that economic growth keeps at medium–high rate and the mode of economic development must be transformed. China will face the new population situation and the new economic development path choice.

When did China transition from traditional to modern?

Despite lack of historical demographic data of China, it is certain that the demographic transition from the traditional to modern form started after the birth of New China in 1949.

When did China open up?

China began reform and opening up in 1978, when the total GDP was 365.02 billion. In 2015, the GDP reached to 67670.8 billion. Between 1978 and 2015, the average of GDP growth rate was 9.4–9.8%. From the growth path of China’s economic growth, before the 1990s, although the GDP grew at “linear scale”, it still fell behind the developed countries in the world. After the 1990s, China’s economy increased exponentially, especially after entering the 2000s, a growth spurt emerged in Chinese economy. In 2010, GDP of China reached up to 40.7 trillion yuan, overtaking Japan, becoming the second largest economy after the United States. Moreover, in 2014, China became the second country which GDP was more than 10 trillion US dollars after the United States. It was $13.7 trillion in 2018, accounting for 15 percent of global GDP and two-thirds of U.S. GDP (Fig. 6 ).

Is China a fast growing country?

Over the past four decades of reform and opening up, China’s economy has maintained at medium–high growth, which is undoubtedly one of the fastest growing countries in the world. At the same time, the Chinese economic development mode has completed the transition from extensive economy that depends on the endowment of natural resources to intensive economy, and realizes the sustainable development of economy. During the same period of the development process, China’s population has been changing rapidly. The emergence of the “demographic window” provides a new driving force for the development of China’s economy. In addition, the existence of urbanization, innovation and other factors become a booster to creating economic miracles of China.

Birth and death rates

China currently has relatively unstable death and birth rates. but in the last few decades, you can definately see the decline in deaths and births in the demographic transition chart. What is of concern right now is that the country is now at a point where the death rate is rising and the birthrate is still falling.

Demographic transition chart

For those who don't know, demographic transition charts indicate where the country is in the transition. There are five stages.

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