What results from the process of translation? The entire process is called gene expression. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in the ribosome decoding center to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide. The polypeptide later folds into an active protein and performs its functions in the cell.
What is formed in the process of translation?
Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins.
What is the product of translation?
proteinThe product of transcription is RNA, which can be encountered in the form mRNA, tRNA or rRNA while the product of translation is a polypeptide amino acid chain, which forms a protein.23-Jul-2020
What happens translation?
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. ... In the cell cytoplasm, the ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups of three bases to assemble the protein.
What is the result of transcription?
Explanation: Transcription results in production of RNA , it can be mRNA , rRNA and tRNA.27-May-2016
How to translate a text?
Specifically, for each phrase or section of text to be translated a translator needs to: 1 read and understand the source text 2 keep the meaning or message of that text in mind 3 select the most appropriate vocabulary in the target language 4 use the grammatical structure of the target language 5 compose that meaning/message in the target language 6 make sure the new text is worded in a natural way
Why is it bad to work with chunks?
Working with chunks that are too short or not discrete meaning units tends to produce an unnatural and potentially unclear translation. On the other hand, working with chunks that are too long to easily remember runs the risk of some meaning being missed in the translation.
What are the steps of translation?
The best-practice language translation process involves these 5 steps: 1. Scope out the text to be translated. 2.
Can you miss a nuance in a translation?
And if you concentrate on creating excellent wording, it’s easy to miss a nuance or component of the message in the translation.
Why is translation so difficult?
Because translation is a surprisingly difficult task involving complex mental processing. Translation is a surprisingly difficult task, so a robust language translation process is needed. Specifically, for each phrase or section of text to be translated a translator needs to: read and understand the source text.
What is the quality assurance step 3 to 5?
And that something is inevitably the quality assurance steps 3 to 5. The translator will be forced to rush, or even worse omit, the accuracy check and/or the final review of wording. More generally, when translators are feeling stressed due to time pressure, their translation quality is likely to drop away.
Can a translator be a translator without training?
But it isn’t instinctive, so a translator without specific training is unlikely to adopt it. If translation quality is important, you therefore need a translator who is aware of, and follows, this recognised translation process. Typically that means a professionally-trained translator with solid experience.
What is translation in biology?
Translation is the process of conversion of nucleic acid information into amino acids. There is no complementarity between amino acids and mRNA. Hence, translation is not controlled by complementarity but by the genetic code. Since amino acids cannot read this genetic code, they are dependent on an adapter molecule.
How does the central dogma describe how the DNA makes its own copies?
The central dogma describes how the DNA makes its own copies by DNA replication, then codes for the RNA by means of a transcription and RNA codes for the proteins by translation. For the creation of a new generation, the genetic information stored in the DNA has to be transferred from one generation to another.
Which subunit is mRNA held by?
The mRNA enters the smaller subunit which is held by the molecules of tRNA of the complementary codon, that exists in the bigger subunit. Hence, two codons are held by two molecules of tRNA, placed near to each other and a peptide bond is produced among them.
Where is the whole machinery of translation found?
It is a process where the expense of ATP is required and this energy is given by the charged tRNA. The whole machinery of translation is present in the ribosomes. The ribosomes consist of a bigger subunit and a smaller subunit.
What is the adapter molecule of amino acids?
Since amino acids cannot read this genetic code, they are dependent on an adapter molecule. This adapter molecule is called tRNA (transfer RNA). Structure of tRNA. Structurally, the tRNA is an inverted L-shaped molecule which has an anticodon loop and amino acid acceptor end.
What is the anticodon loop?
The anticodon loop makes bases complementary to the codes on the mRNA and amino acid end binds to the respective amino acids. Thus, it helps in protein synthesis. Each amino acid has a specific tRNA. Initiator tRNA initiates the translation while stop codons have no tRNA.
What is the process of converting mRNA into a chain of amino acids?
Protein synthesis – Translation. The process by which the mRNA codes for a particular protein is known as Translation. In the process, the ribosome translates the mRNA produced from DNA into a chain of specific amino acids. This chain of amino acids leads to protein synthesis.
Components of Translation
The key components required for translation are mRNA, ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA).
Initiation
For translation to begin, the start codon 5’AUG must be recognised. This is a codon specific to the amino acid methionine, which is nearly always the first amino acid in a polypeptide chain.
Elongation
The ribosome has two tRNA binding sites; the P site which holds the p eptide chain and the A site which a ccepts the tRNA.
Termination
One of the three stop codons enters the A site. No tRNA molecules bind to these codons so the peptide and tRNA in the P site become hydrolysed releasing the polypeptide into the cytoplasm.
