Value and Criterion Values are, essentially, overarching and non-specific ideas We need a way to measure if Value exists Criterion: A way to measure the presence of a Value Like a measuring stick Value and Criterion The Value criterion is a “weighing standard” for arguments Criterions must be both necessary and sufficient
What is the purpose of the value criterion?
The value criterion's main purpose is to weigh the value premise; otherwise, the impacts of the arguments in the round are left hanging. An argument in a Lincoln-Douglas Debate generally contains an impact or the effect of that argument (why it matters).
What is the difference between value premise and value criterion?
Unlike the value premise, the value criterion is often swayed to either the affirmative or negative side. It can be shortened to v.c. The value criterion's main purpose is to weigh the value premise, otherwise, the impacts of the arguments in the round are left hanging.
What is criterion validity?
Criterion validity refers to how well the measurement of one variable can predict the response of another variable. One variable is referred to as the explanatory variable while the other variable is referred to as the criterion variable.
How do you predict the value of a criterion variable?
For example, we may use the predictor variables hours studied and hours of sleep the night before the test to predict the value of the criterion variable test score. In this case, our criterion variable is the variable being predicted in this analysis.
What is value criterion examples?
6:5710:09Value Structure and Value Criterion (1 of 2) - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipThe judge so the person reading the sides of the debate round is given the value criterion as a wayMoreThe judge so the person reading the sides of the debate round is given the value criterion as a way to evaluate the round so the judge gets this as a way to evaluate the round.
What concept is a value criterion?
In Lincoln-Douglas Debate, the value criterion (criterion, VC, or standard) is the means of weighing the value premise. Unlike the value premise, the value criterion is often swayed to either the affirmative or negative side.
What is a criterion in debate example?
A criterion should be the mechanism by which you weigh the values at stake and ultimately come to the conclusion that your value premise is achieved. Examples of criterion include the social contract, giving each his due, protection of individual rights, etc.
What is value in Lincoln-Douglas debate?
In Lincoln-Douglas debate, we use values to judge, whether or not something is good, right, or of worth. Values can be an end in an of themselves, as an ultimate aim of existence such as peace on Earth, or a means of behavior to reach that ultimate end, such as sacrifice. Values are belief systems or principles.
What is considered a value?
Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or another. They serve as a guide for human behavior. Generally, people are predisposed to adopt the values that they are raised with. People also tend to believe that those values are “right” because they are the values of their particular culture.
What is a contention in debate?
Contention – a debate case is organized into contentions (claims made for or against the resolution) usually stated in one declarative sentence. Cross Examination – questioning period. Refutation – directly attacking the opposing debater/s' arguments.
How do you win a value debate?
There are three main ways to win an L-D round: 1. Prove that your value is supported by your case, not supported by your opponent's case, and superior to your opponent's value. 2. Prove that your case better supports your value than your opponent's case supports theirs.
How do you write 1NC?
To write 1NC: 1. Directly respond to arguments. 2....The 1NC:lays out the negative philosophy, or the position your team is taking in the round.Example: parity between privacy & security.Responds to the case.
What are the formats of debate?
Policy Debate: At one end of the spectrum, policy debate is a very rigorous format which requires a great deal of research, leaving the student an expert on a specific area. ... Lincoln-Douglas Debate: ... Public Forum Debate: ... Parliamentary Debate:
What did Lincoln and Douglas debate?
Lincoln-Douglas debates, series of seven debates between the Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas and Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign, largely concerning the issue of slavery extension into the territories.
What is solvency in LD debate?
Solvency is a stock issue in policy debate, referring to the effectiveness of the affirmative plan or the negative counterplan in solving the harms or problems of the status quo.
What are observations in LD?
Observations. Observations are the only specific type of argument that we haven't yet explicitly gone over, but in a way they act very similarly to definitions. Observations are arguments that set up a framework regarding how we should interpret things in the resolution.
Why is life considered a snstrumental value?
Many claim that life is an snstrumental value because it is a necessity which is required before anything else can be attained or enjoyed. Majority Rule- A principle of democracy that holds the greater number of individuals in a society should determine the leaders and policies of that society. Morality- The principles and standards set by society ...
What is distributive justice?
Distributive Justice- The attempt to establish a connection between the properties or characteristics of persons and morally correct distribution of benefits and burdens in society. The function of distributive justice is to justify principles of justice and serves as a rationale for social inequalities.
What is the purpose of the value criterion?
The value criterion's main purpose is to weigh the value premise, otherwise, the impacts of the arguments in the round are left hanging. Any argument in an Lincoln-Douglas Debate must contain an impact or the effect of that argument (why it matters). This necessitates an objective order to determine which impacts are more important. The value criterion provides this objective order and the round reduces to whichever side achieves the value criterion better. Whether this is done quantifiably or qualitatively is left up to the debaters to decide.
Why do debaters use the value premise?
Because "democratic ideals" is what is trying to be achieved in the resolution, most debaters would find it best and effective to use it as a value premise. Therefore, the debate turns to the value criterion. The affirmative, in this case, may use "preservation of procedure" which explains how their value premise is weighed. While the negative may opt to choose "preservation of autonomy". In both instances, both value criteria are attainable by both sides and therefore fair to weigh the round. It would be left up to the debate to determine which value criterion should be used to weigh the round.
What is value criterion?
The Value criterion is a “weighing standard” for arguments
What is a value in LD debate?
A Value is: . An ultimate truth or standard of morality. An idea about non-tangible concepts. Important to belief systems. Value in Lincoln-Douglas. Values in LD Debate work the same way. An Ultimate truth or standard of morality. Debate lies in which Truth or Moral Standard is MOST correct.
What is a criterion variable?
A criterion variable is simply another name for a dependent variable or a response variable. This is the variable that is being predicted in a statistical analysis. Just as explanatory variables have different names like predictor variables or independent variables, a response variable also has interchangeable names like dependent variable ...
Which axis is the criterion variable on a scatterplot?
In general, the criterion variablewill be along the y-axis when we create a scatterplot and the predictor variable will be along the x-axis.
Can you use simple linear regression to predict a criterion variable?
In this case, we would use simple linear regression to attempt to predict the value of our criterion variable test score.
What is the measure of criterion validity?
We typically measure criterion validity using a metric like the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, which takes on value between -1 and 1 where:
What is the criterion variable for entrance exam?
The entrance exam would be the explanatory variable and the criterion variable would be the first semester GPA.
What is the definition of criteria validity?
Criterion validity refers to how well the measurement of one variable can predict the response of another variable. One variable is referred to as the explanatory variable while the other variable is referred to as the criterion variable.
What happens if the correlation coefficient is further away from zero?
The further away the correlation coefficient is from zero, the stronger the association between the two variables.
Is GPA predictive validity?
The previous example of measuring a student’s college entrance exam score and their first semester GPA is an example of measuring predictive validity because we measure the two variables at different points in time.
What is contract theory?
Contract Theory -A set of theories which seek to explain the origin of society and government and to establish the authority and obligations that exist for all involved.
What is comparative advantage?
Comparative Advantage - Usually thought to be primarily a term for cross-examination debate, is in reality an economic theory which holds that countries should only produce what they do best and other countries should not try to duplicate those products.
Which theory argues that all knowledge is gained through experience and that no knowledge is a priori?
Empiricism - A thoery which argues that all knowledge is gained through experience and that no knowledge is a priori. Epiphenomenalism - A theory which holds that mental activity is the result of bodily changes, but do not change the body.
Which theory holds that the rightness or wrongness of an act is relative to the attitudes and beliefs of the person?
Ethical Hedonism - A theory which advances the idea that an act is right in so much as it achieves pleasure and wrong in so much as it produces pain. Ethical Relativism - A theory which holds that the rightness or wrongness of an act is relative to the attitudes and beliefs of the person judging the act.
What is the Akaike information criterion?
Revised on June 18, 2021. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) is a mathematical method for evaluating how well a model fits the data it was generated from. In statistics, AIC is used to compare different possible models ...
Why does model 1 have a lower AIC score?
You run an AIC test to find out, which shows that model 1 has the lower AIC score because it requires less information to predict with almost the exact same level of precision. Another way to think of this is that the increased precision in model 2 could have happened by chance.
How to compare models using AIC?
To compare models using AIC, you need to calculate the AIC of each model. If a model is more than 2 AIC units lower than another, then it is considered significantly better than that model. You can easily calculate AIC by hand if you have the log-likelihood of your model, but calculating log-likelihood is complicated!
Which model is always listed first?
The best-fit model is always listed first. The model selection table includes information on:
