What is a transistor?
What is a Transistor? A transistor is a type of a semiconductor device that can be used to both conduct and insulate electric current or voltage. A transistor basically acts as a switch and an amplifier.
What is the power dissipation across the transistor?
The power dissipation across the transistor mainly occurs at the collector junction. This is due to the fact that the collector junction is reverse biased, so offers more resistance to current flow. Hence more voltage drop occurs across the collector junction. Power dissipation across the transistor is given by
What is transconductance of transistor?
The Transconductance of transistor is defined as the ratio of incremental collector current to incremental base to emitter voltage with collector to emitter kept constant. It is denoted by gm.
How to choose the correct transistor for a circuit?
Few things are considered while using the correct transistor for the circuit. These are the maximum voltage rating between the emitter and the collector (UCEmax), maximum power to build a circuit, and maximum collector current (ICEmax). An electric circuit must not exceed these maximum values in order to function properly.
What is the relation between alpha and beta in physics?
∴β=1−αα.
What is alpha DC equal to?
Alpha (αdc): It is defined as the ratio of collector current to emitter current. I I α d c = I c I E -----------------(Equation 1) Beta (βdc): It is the current gain defined as the ratio of collector current to the base current.
What is alpha AC and alpha DC and beta DC of a transistor?
Alpha=αdc:It is defined as the ratio of collector current to emitter current. αdc=IEIc ......( 1) Beta=βdc:It is the current gain defined as the ratio of collector current to base current.
What is the value of alpha in transistor?
For a transistor the value of alpha is 0.9 .
What is the relation between A and beta?
β=α1+α
What is the relation between α β and γ?
⟹α:β:γ=1:2:3.
What is Gamma in transistor?
Gamma: It is defined as the current gain in common collector configuration and it is the ratio of emitter current (output current) to base current (input current)
What is Alpha in transistor called?
Alpha is the relationship of collector current (output current) to emitter current (input current). Alpha is calculated using the formula : α=ΔIEΔIC.
What is beta and alpha in BJT?
A transistors current gain is given the Greek symbol of Beta, ( β ). As the emitter current for a common emitter configuration is defined as Ie = Ic + Ib, the ratio of Ic/Ie is called Alpha, given the Greek symbol of α.
What is β of a transistor?
The beta (β) of a transistor, or transistor current gain, is the ratio of the transistor's collector current (Ic) to its base current (Ib), as shown in Equation 1. β = Ic/Ib. (1) The β value is fixed for a given transistor and operating condition.
Why is alpha less than 1?
The value of alpha is less than one and still it is called as current amplification factor because it is used to check whether the base current is zero. Explanation: The alpha value is obtained by calculating the ratio between the change in the collector current and the change in the emitter current.
What is alpha and beta in CE configuration?
α=β21−β2. Hint: Common emitter is the configuration of an amplifier. The circuit is assembled in such a way that the emitter is connected between the collector and the base of the amplifier. This emitter is common to both the input and the output of the circuit.
How do you calculate alpha?
Alpha = R – Rf – beta (Rm-Rf) R represents the portfolio return. Rf represents the risk-free rate of return. Beta represents the systematic risk of a portfolio. Rm represents the market return, per a benchmark.
How do you calculate DC Beta?
calculate alpha DC (emitter to collector dc current gain) and beta DC (base to collector dc curent gain) for a transistor which has Ic=2.5ma, Ie=2.6ma . formula 1) alpha DC=Ic/Ie. formula 2) beta DC =Ic/Ib.
How do you find alpha?
0:142:55How to calculate an alpha level - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipPercent subtract that from 100%. And you get 2 percent which is your alpha level what this means isMorePercent subtract that from 100%. And you get 2 percent which is your alpha level what this means is the entire area under the curve is 100%.
How do you find alpha in trigonometry?
0:002:47If a = 9, b = 7, and c = 10, find alpha - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipWe have a dental triangle here we want to find angle alpha which corresponds to side a so alphaMoreWe have a dental triangle here we want to find angle alpha which corresponds to side a so alpha citations can be 9 left 7 here this will be beta. Site YZ can be 10.
What is a transistor?
Transistor is a semiconductor device capable of transferring the signal from high resistance to low resistance or vice versa. Transistor has three terminals and is used in electronic circuits as amplifiers and switches. There are mainly three types of transistors used in electronic circuits they are a) bipolar junction transistor b) ...
How does reverse bias affect transistors?
As you increase collector to base voltage that is if you more reverse bias base collector junction the depletion layer width increases as depletion layer width is proportional to reverse bias voltage. This depletion layer protrudes more in to the base than collector because base is lightly doped compared to collector. As we increase base to collector voltage depletion layer width increases this in turn decreases effective base width. According to law of junction injected carrier concentration in base should reduce to zero at the onset of depletion layer in base. In the graph (plotted with minority carrier concentration on Y-axis and distance from emitter base junction to base collector junction on x-axis stands) shown below the left side is plotted for higher reverse bias compared to graph on right side with less slope compared to the one on the right .This is termed as Early effect.
What is the purpose of biasing circuits?
The main aim of biasing circuits is to stabilise the transistor’s operating point irrespective of variations in Ico, β, Vbe which vary because of varying temperature. Mainly the variation of Ico with temperature is a significant one and has to be taken care of. Accordingly a stability factor is defined o quantify the stability of biasing circuits with respect to variation in transistor parameters.
What are the three terminals of a bipolar transistor?
BJT has three terminals a) Emitter b) base c) collector analogous to cathode gate and anode in vacuum tube. Emitter is heavily doped collector is moderately doped and base is lightly doped as we need most of the current from emitter should reach collector; base current is needed only as a pilot signal for collector current variation. Transistor is active device which has the ability to control the electron flow through it. BJT is of two types 1) PNP transistor 2) NPN transistor .PNP transistor is formed by sandwiching n-type semiconductor between two P-type semiconductors. Similarly PNP transistor is formed by sandwiching n-type semiconductor between two P type semiconductors.
What is bipolar junction transistor?
Bipolar junction transistor internal design is in such a way that it will have high gain in normal active mode. Also when you interchange the roles of emitter and collector with emitter base junction reverse biased then break down voltage decreases as break down voltage is inversely proportional to the amount of doping.
What are the three configurations of a BJT?
BJT can be operated in three configurations with one terminal common to both input and output. They are a) Common Base b) Common emitter c) Common collector configurations.
What is the Ebers Moll model of transistors?
Ebers-moll model of transistor holds for all regions of operation of BJT. This model is based on assumption that base spreading resistance can be neglected.
What is a transistor?
A transistor is an electric device that regulates the flow of electric current and voltage. It acts as a switch or gate of electric signals. A transistor is usually composed of three layers of semiconductor components that carry current.
How to find the input characteristic of a transistor?
The input characteristic of a transistor is obtained between the inputs current IB and the input voltage VB by having a constant output voltage VCE. By keeping the output voltage VCE constant and changing the input voltage VBE of different points, we can examine the values of the input current of each of the points. Now, using the values obtained from different points, a graph is drawn by plotting the values of IB and VBE at constant VCE.
What is the principle of NPN transistors?
Ans- The concept behind the working principle of NPN transistors is that, when the supply of current to the base terminal is increased, the transistor turns ON and conducts the supply of current from the collector to the emitter. When the supply of current is low or reduced, the transistor stops conduction and shuts OFF.
What is the emitter current?
Under this condition, the emitter current is equivalent to the sum of base current and collector current.
How does an emitter work?
In this kind of configuration, an emitter is used as a common terminal for both input and output. It works as an inverting amplifier circuit. In this case, the input is applied in the region of base-emitter and the output is obtained from between the terminals of collector and emitter.
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