Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual works are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR
Photoresistor
A photoresistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photocell) is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits, and lig…
What is automatic street light control system?
Simplest DC Motor Ever. By using this Automatic system for street light controlling, we can reduce energy consumption because the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset.
How does a street light work?
When there is a need of light it automatically switches ON. When darkness rises to a certain level then sensor circuit gets activated and switches ON and when there is other source of light i.e. daytime, the street light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of automatic street lights?
Advantages: By using this Automatic system for street light controlling, we can reduce energy consumption because the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset.
What are the applications of a smart street light?
The applications are: 1 Smart Street lights could be equipped with Radar Sensors which could detect if any object comes near the pole and the light gets brighter. 2 It could act as a hub for smart applications. 3 It could also be equipped with charging station for electric vehicles. 4 It is also used for digital signage.
How does an automatic street light works?
So when light shines on the photocell, it turns the transistor on, which energizes the relay's electromagnet, which turns the light off. When it is dark, the photocell has high resistance, so no current flows through the base and the relay is not activated -- the light is on.
What is the principle of street light?
Diffusion Principle The diffusing nature of street or road surface causes the reflection of a certain portion of incident light in the direction of the observer which makes the surface of the road appear brighter to the observer. In the case of the diffusion principle, the lamps are filled with suitable reflectors.
Which relay is used in automatic street light?
This Automatic Street Light Controller Circuit uses an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) which is responsible for detecting light and darkness. LDR increases its resistance in darkness and reduces it in the presence of light. Here, Two BC547 NPN transistors are used to operate the relay.
How does LDR work in automatic street light?
LDR sensor is used for detecting the presence of surrounding light so that during the day time when sun is bright, the street light is switched off automatically. During the night time when there is no light, the LDR sends signal to microcontroller to turn on the street light.
How do you make an automatic street light system?
How to Make Automatic Street LightStep 1: Take All Components As Shown Below. Components required - ... Step 2: Pins of BC547 Transistor. ... Step 3: Connect LED. ... Step 4: Solder LDR. ... Step 5: Connect 20K Resistor. ... Step 6: Solder Battery Clipper Wire. ... Step 7: How to Use This Automatic Street Light.
Who discovered automatic street light?
In 1923, Garrett Morgan patented an electric automatic traffic signal. Morgan was the first African-American to own a car in Cleveland. He also invented the gas mask.
What is automatic light controller?
Therefore, an automatic room-light controller automatically turns on the lights when a person enters into a room, and turns off the lights when the person leaves the room. This automatic room controller can be implemented by using a simple microcontroller and wireless IR technologies.
What are the advantages of automatic street light?
There are lower chances of the automatic street light system overheating & risk of accidents is also minimized. Cost of operating automatic solar street lights is far less when compared to the conventional street lights. The automatic street light system is eco-friendly & hence helps in reducing the carbon footprint.
What is LDR made up of?
cadmium sulphideAs its name implies, the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is made from a piece of exposed semiconductor material such as cadmium sulphide that changes its electrical resistance from several thousand Ohms in the dark to only a few hundred Ohms when light falls upon it by creating hole-electron pairs in the material.
What is the full form of LDR sensor?
A photoresistor (also known as a Photocell, or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photo-conductive cell) is a passive component that decreases resistance with respect to receiving luminosity (light) on the component's sensitive surface.
What is street lighting?
Street lighting is a community service that consumes a major chunk of energy resources. Research shows that 18% – 38% of power resource goes toward fulfilling this need. With the rise in demand for power and significant gap between demand and supply, issues such as power outages and unoptimized usage like bright street lights in low footfall areas lead to substantial wastage. There is a need to optimize the consumption using Smart Street Light without compromising the safety of the citizens.
How do LED street lights work?
The street lights work automatically by detecting the movements of objects on the street. IR sensor is used to detect the object.
What sensors do smart street lights use?
Smart Street lights could be equipped with Radar Sensors which could detect if any object comes near the pole and the light gets brighter.
How does the Internet of Things help street lights?
The Internet of Things (IoT) primarily enables the concept of Smart Street Lights by collecting different types of electronic data from different physical devices using sensors and supplying information to the devices. By this, the expense spent on street lights can be significantly reduced and the amount saved can be invested in other development of the nation.
What is smart street light?
The Smart Street Light System proposes the installation of the wireless system to remotely control and track the consumption of energy of the street lights. This helps take appropriate measures and reduce energy consumption using power conditioning and control.
Why is LDR resistance so high?
They induce high resistance as they are made up of semiconductor materials. It works on the principle of Photo-Conductivity. When the light falls on the LDR, its resistance drops and current flows into the base of the first and second resistors respectively. When LDR is kept in dark, the resistance is quite high.
What is the purpose of street lighting?
The main objective of street lighting are: (i) To make the traffic and obstructions on the road clearly visible in order to promote safety and convenience. (ii) To make the street more attractive. (iii) To increase the community value of the street.
How many lumens per square meter is required for street lighting?
An average well-lighted street, will require illumination level between 8 to 15 lumens per square metre.
What is the cut off of a reflector?
In this case the lamps fitted with suitable reflectors are used. The reflectors are so designed that they may direct the light downwards and spread as uniformly as possible over the road surface. In order to avoid glare the reflectors are made to have a cut-off of between 30° to 45° so that the filament is not visible except from underneath it.
How many lumens per square meter?
An average well-lighted street, will require illumination level between 8 to 15 lumens per square metre. ADVERTISEMENTS: Excellent illumination is considered when the distance apart is not more than 8 times the height of the luminaires; that is, with the luminaires 8 metres above street level, they should be spaced not more than 64 metres ...
How to calculate the illumination of a road?
The illumination at any point on the road surface is calculated by applying point to point or inverse-square law method. Over certain proportions of the road the surface is illuminated from two lamps and the resultant illumination is the sum of the illuminations due to each lamp.
Why is high level of illumination not necessary?
High level of illumination is not necessary, because firstly one has seldom to look continuously at nearby objects, secondly it is the impression of whole scene that is required. In fact in case of interior lighting the objects are seen by the light reflected by them but in case of street lighting the objects are seen in relatively bright back ...
Is street lighting only for straight sections of the road?
This method of street lighting is only suitable for straight sections of the road. This method is more economical also as compared to the diffusion method of lighting but it suffers from the disadvantage that it produces glare for the motorists.
Step 2: Principle of LDR and Transistor Used
The working principle of LDR is that it gives less resistance in high light intensity and high resistance in low light intensity (ie) it gives high resistance in dark or night and low resistance in day or light. Here we use transistor as a two way switch. If the voltage through base is greater than 5V it send through the emitter.
Step 3: Circuit and Connections
Place the transistor on the breadboard. Connect the Emitter to the negative of the battery. Base to one terminal of LDR Connect the resistor (R2) to base and positive terminal of battery Collector to the anode of LED (Small leg) From cathode of LED (Long leg) to resistor (R1) Another end of resistor (R1) to positive terminal of battery Another terminal of LDR to negative terminal of battery (The circuit and the reference for E B C of transistor have been attached).
Step 4: Large-Scale Idea
If this is done in large-scale the a lot of electricity can be saved. No need to search of other forms of electricity. Let's first time spend money on useful ideas of the YOUNG SHINERS LETS BE HAPPY WITH WHAT WE HAVE!!!!!!! :-) :-) :-)
Why use automatic street lights?
Advantages: By using this Automatic system for street light controlling, we can reduce energy consumption because the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset.
How to make LED glow in less darkness?
LED GLOWS EVEN IN LESS DARKNESS. Use torch light or Lighter if the LED glows in less darkness. in addition, you can try to adjust the sensitivity of this circuit by using a variable resistor in place of R1-300Ohm. Try this circuit with other resistances as well, (e.g, 1KΩ, 10KΩ and 100KΩ, etc)
Why does my LED not glow?
As Light is falling on LDR ( Light Dependent resistor) So LED does not glow. ( LED = Off).
Where is the ve terminal on a battery?
Connect wires across emitter pin of both transistors and –ve terminal of battery (lowest/ bottom row of breadboard.)
How does automatic street light control work?
By using this system manual works are 100% removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight comes, visible to our eyes.
What is street light controller?
Street light controllers are smarter versions of the mechanical or electronic timers previously used for street light ON-OFF operation. They come with energy conservation options like twilight saving, staggering or dimming. Also many street light controllers come with an astronomical clock for a particular location or a Global Positioning System (GPS) connection to give the best ON-OFF time and energy saving.
What is the term for an electrical component that reduces the current?
Resistor is an electrical component that reduces the electric current. The resistor 's ability to reduce the current is called resistance and is measured in units of ohms (symbol: Ω).If we make an analogy to water flow through pipes, the resistor is a thin pipe that reduces the water flow.
What is an LDR?
LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.
