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what is the parenteral route of medication administration

by Joanne Gorczany Published 4 years ago Updated 3 years ago

Routes of Medication Administration

  • Routes of Medication Administration. In general, two categories of medication administration exist: parenteral and nonparenteral. ...
  • Parenteral. This administration route involves medication that is injected in the body anywhere other than the mouth or alimentary canal (the entire passage along which food passes through the body ...
  • Nonparenteral. ...

Parenteral drug administration can be taken literally to mean any non-oral means of drug administration, but it is generally interpreted as relating to injection directly into the body, by-passing the skin and mucous membranes. The common routes of parenteral administration are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous and IV.Nov 19, 2007

Full Answer

What are the 10 routes of medication administration?

This route includes:

  • Oral (medications are taken by mouth and absorbed into the system through the digestive system. ...
  • Sublingual (medication is placed under the tongue for absorption by the body)
  • Topical (applied directly to a part of the body)
  • Transdermal (active ingredients are delivered via the skin for systemic distribution. ...

More items...

What are the different routes of medication administration?

What are the 8 routes of drug administration?

  • Oral route. Many drugs can be administered orally as liquids, capsules, tablets, or chewable tablets.
  • Injection routes. Administration by injection (parenteral administration) includes the following routes:
  • Sublingual and buccal routes.
  • Rectal route.
  • Vaginal route.
  • Ocular route.
  • Otic route.
  • Nasal route.

What are the 6 routes of Drug Administration?

intramuscular route; nasal route; oral route; parenteral route; pharmaceutical products; pulmonary route; rectal rou te; routes of administration; subcutaneous route; systemic medications ...

What are the different routes of Drug Administration?

The choice of route of administration may be influenced by many factors among which include:

  • convenience
  • state of the patient
  • desired onset of action
  • patient’s co-operation
  • the nature of the drug as some drugs may be effective by one route only e.g., insulin
  • age of the patient
  • effect of gastric pH, digestive enzymes and first-pass metabolism

What are examples of parenteral routes?

There are five commonly used routes of parenteral (route other than digestive tract) administration: subcutaneous (SC/SQ), intraperitoneal (IP), intravenous (IV), intrader- mal (ID), and intramuscular (IM).

What is the most common parenteral route?

The most commonly used parenteral routes of administration are subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and intradermal injections.

What is parenteral drug with example?

Parenteral Definition Thus, topical drugs, although not taken by mouth involving the digestive tract, are not considered parenteral as their actions are typically only local. Some examples of parenteral drugs include epinephrine, insulin, and IV infusions.

What is an example of parenteral drug administration?

Administration by injection (parenteral administration) includes the following routes: Subcutaneous (under the skin) Intramuscular (in a muscle) Intravenous (in a vein)

What are the four common parenteral routes?

Administration by injection (parenteral administration) includes the following routes:Subcutaneous (under the skin)Intramuscular (in a muscle)Intravenous (in a vein)Intrathecal (around the spinal cord)

When injecting insulin which parenteral route is most commonly used?

Many patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and all patients with T1DM require insulin to keep blood glucose levels in the target range. The most common route of insulin administration is subcutaneous insulin injections.

When is the parenteral route of administration preferred?

Parenteral administration is preferred at times over other drug-administrations routes, such as in emergency situations of cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock (Shi et al., 2009).

Is intradermal a parenteral route?

Intradermal injections (ID) are injections administered into the dermis, just below the epidermis. The ID injection route has the longest absorption time of all parenteral routes. These types of injections are used for sensitivity tests, such as TB (see Figure 7.13), allergy, and local anesthesia tests.

What does parenteral administration of drugs mean?

The parenteral administration of drugs means to inject them into the body via ID, SubQ, IM, or IV routes in order to bypass the first pass metaboli...

Why medications are given parenterally?

Medications are given parenterally for many reasons including when a patient is unable or unwilling to take medications orally, to achieve higher c...

Which route is an example of parenteral administration?

There are four basic example of routes of parenteral administration such as intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous. Oral and top...

Parenteral Definition

The term parenteral in medical terminology means beyond the intestine (par = beyond, enteral = intestines). Thus, parenteral in medicine means the input of drugs or medications into the human body in a way not involving the intestines or the digestive tract.

Use of Parenteral Therapy

The administration of medications via parenteral therapy is very important in certain situations such as:

Parenteral Route

Parenteral medications are typically injected in four different ways depending on the layer of the skin that is the target of administration of the drug. There are 4 different layers where parenteral medication can be injected: epidermis, venous, subcutaneous, and intramuscular.

What is medication administration route?

A medication administration route is often classified by the location at which the drug is applied, such as oral or intravenous. The choice of routes in which the medications are applied depends not only on the convenience but also on the drug’s properties and pharmacokinetics. This activity describes medication administration routes ...

What is parenteral route?

Parenteral Route of Medication. An intravenous route directly administers the medications to the systemic circulation. It is indicated when a rapid drug effect is desired, a precise serum drug level is needed, or when drugs are unstable or poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Why do you rotate the site of an injection?

It is recommended that instead of using the same site, patients rotate the sites of injection to avoid complications such as lipohypertrophy that can cause incomplete medication absorption.[14] The injection is usually at an angle if using a needle/syringe or at a perpendicular angle if using an injector pen.

What are the advantages of buccal and sublingual routes?

The sublingual and buccal routes also have advantages of rapid absorption, convenience, and low infection incidence. A rectal route is useful for patients with gastrointestinal motility problems such as dysphagia or ileus that can interfere with delivering the drug in the intestinal tract.

What is the choice of routes in which the medication is given?

The choice of routes in which the medication is given depends not only on the convenience and compliance but also on the drug’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile. Therefore it is crucial to understand the characteristics of the various routes and techniques associated with them.

Which muscle is used for intramuscular medication?

An intramuscular medication route can be administered in different body muscles, including deltoid, dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal, rectus femoris, or vastus lateralis muscles.

Where are subcutaneous injections administered?

Subcutaneous injections are another form of the parental route of medication and are administered to the layer of skin referred to as cutis, just below the dermis and epidermis layers. Subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels; therefore, the medications injected undergo absorption at a slow, sustained rate.

How many characters are in a route of administration?

Route of Administration shall consist of an alphabetic term which has a maximum length shall be restricted to 60 characters, with the hyphen and virgule being only punctuation permissible. Codes representing these Routes of Administration shall consist of three digits.

Where is the administration directed?

Administration directed toward the cheek, generally from within the mouth. Administration to the conjunctiva, the delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eyeball. Administration to the skin. Administration to a tooth or teeth.

Where is the administration of soluble salts?

Administration within the vitreous body of the eye. Administration by means of an electric current where ions of soluble salts migrate into the tissues of the body. Administration to bathe or flush open wounds or body cavities. Administration directly upon the larynx.

What is the intra- and endo- prefix?

In addition, since the prefixes intra- and endo- both mean within, the NSC generally felt that most US clinicians prefer the intra- prefix rather than the endo- prefix for route terms, with some exceptions (e.g., endotracheal). Some general terms (e.g., parenteral) should be reserved for instances when a particular route ...

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