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what is the ideal solvent for the crystallization of a particular compound

by Presley Schowalter Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

The ideal solvent for crystallization of a particular compound is one in which the product will be very soluble at high temperatures but only slightly soluble at room temperature or lower. The primary consideration: solvent should not react chemically with the substance to be crystallized.

Full Answer

What is the primary consideration in choosing a solvent for crystallizing?

What is the primary consideration in choosing a solvent for crystallizing a compound? • volatile in order to be easily removed from the purified crystals. • In selecting a solvent consider that like likes like.

What are the characteristics of a good recrystallization solvent?

Characteristics of a Good Recrystallization Solvent: 1. The recrystallization solvent should NOT dissolve the substance to be purified at room temperature, but it should dissolve it well at the solvent's boiling point 2. The solvent should dissolve soluble impurities well at room temperature.

What should be the solubility of a compound in a solvent?

The desired compound should be very soluble in the solvent when it is hot (near the boiling), but only slightly soluble at room temperature. Additionally, what are the qualities of a good solvent used in crystallization?

Why are low boiling solvents used for crystallization?

Along with fast evaporation, a relatively low boiling solvent is also ideal for crystallization as it minimizes the probability of a compound "oiling out", where material comes out of solution above its melting point and forms a liquid instead of a solid. When a compound liquefies first, it rarely crystallizes well. Click to see full answer.

When is a solvent soluble?

For this to happen 1) both the desired material and impurities must be soluble, to some degree, when the solvent is hot but that when cold, the desired material is not (or only minimally) soluble while the impurities are very (or completely) soluble at the prevailing concentrations.

What can I use to determine the number of compounds in a substance?

With a good solvent I can use Thin layer chromatography to determine the number of compounds in a substance. If TLC indicates there are many substances in the compound, I can dissolve it in a good solvent, and pour it through a Column chromatography set to help separate the substances in it.

What does "like dissolves like" mean?

Remember the dictum "like dissolves like": polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents, nonpolar compounds dissolve in nonpolar solvents. For example, sugar and salt (polar compounds) dissolve in water (polar solvent), but not in oil (nonpolar solvent).

What is the boiling point of diethyl ether?

Diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3) is useful as a solvent pair with ligroin, but its boiling point, 35 °C (95 °F), is too low to make it a good crystallization solvent, unless used with a dry ice/acetone bath. 10.

What is the best substitute for diethyl ether?

Methyl tert-butyl ether (CH3OC (CH3)3) is cheap, good replacement for diethyl ether given its higher boiling point, 52 °C (126 °F). Choose your solvent: Put a few crystals of the impure compound in a test tube and add a single drop of the solvent, allow it to flow down by the side of the tube.

What is the final step in purifying a compound?

The final step in purifying the extracted substance (s) from the compound is very often to dissolve it in a good solvent, filter it, and then slowly cool or evaporate the solvent. This process forms (hopefully) crystals of your desired substance with very high purity. This is called Recrystallization.

What is the boiling point of acetic acid?

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is useful for oxidation reaction, but will react with alcohols and amines, and is therefore difficult to remove (boiling point is 118 °C (244 °F)). 3 . Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methyl sulfoxide (CH3SOCH3) is used mainly as solvent for reactions; rarely for crystallization.

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