Receiving Helpdesk

what is the function of the fcs field in an ethernet frame

by Tyra Welch PhD Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

The FCS field is the only field present in the Ethernet trailer. It allows the receiver to discover whether errors occurred in the frame. Note that Ethernet only detects in-transit corruption of data – it does not attempt to recover a lost frame. Other higher level protocols (e.g. TCP) perform error recovery.

Full Answer

What does the FCS field in an Ethernet frame do?

  • Preamble – informs the receiving system that a frame is starting and enables synchronisation.
  • SFD (Start Frame Delimiter) – signifies that the Destination MAC Address field begins with the next byte.
  • Destination MAC – identifies the receiving system.
  • Source MAC – identifies the sending system.

More items...

How many bits in the FCS in an Ethernet frame?

Ethernet frame. When transmitting data over Ethernet, the Ethernet frame is primarily responsible for the correct rulemaking and successful transmission of data packets. Essentially, data sent over Ethernet is carried by the frame. An Ethernet frame is between 64 bytes and 1,518 bytes big, depending on the size of the data to be transported.

How to build an Ethernet frame?

An Ethernet frame starts with a header, which contains the source and destination MAC addresses, among other data. The middle part of the frame is the actual data. The frame ends with a field called Frame Check Sequence (FCS). The Ethernet frame structure is defined in the IEEE 802.3 standard. Here is a graphical representation of an Ethernet ...

What does the format for Ethernet frames specify?

They are as follows:

  • Ethernet header (it consist of Preamble, SFD, Destination, Source, and Type)
  • Encapsulated data (it consist of Data & Pad)
  • Ethernet trailer (it consist of FCS)

What is the function of FCS in the Ethernet frame?

The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is a part of the frame put in place to verify that the information each frame contains is not damaged during transmission. If a frame is corrupted during transmission, the FCS on the frame will not match with the recipient's calculated FCS.

What is FCS in Cisco?

Frame check sequence (FCS) errors indicate that frames of data are being corrupted during transmission. FCS error count is the number of frames that were transmitted/received with a bad checksum (CRC value) in the Ethernet frame. These frames are dropped and not propagated onto other ports.

What is the purpose of the FCS in the HDLC protocol?

FCS is basically calculated by sender and receiver both of a data frame. FCS is used to confirm and ensure that data frame was not corrupted by medium that is used to transfer frame from sender to receiver.

What is the 4 byte FCS field used for on a Ethernet frame?

The frame check sequence (FCS) is a four-octet cyclic redundancy check (CRC) that allows detection of corrupted data within the entire frame as received on the receiver side.

What is the purpose of the FCS field in a frame quizlet?

What is the purpose of the FCS field in an HDLC frame? Explanation: The FCS field is used for error detection and is included as a trailer in the HDLC frame. The address field in the HDLC header indicates the Layer 2 destination address.

What is FCS server?

The Fabric Configuration Server (FCS) provides discovery of topology attributes and maintains a repository of configuration information of fabric elements. A management application is usually connected to the FCS on the switch through an N port.

What is CRC and FCS?

CRC is a checksum type that uses a specific algorithm for checking computation or transmission integrity. FCS is the method of using algorithms to check frames.

What is Frame Check Sequence FCS )? Mcq?

- FCS (Frame Check Sequence) is an error-detecting code added to a frame in a communication protocol.

What is the function of the CRC value that is found in the FCS field of a frame?

What is the function of the CRC value that is found in the FCS field of a frame? Explanation: The CRC value in the FCS field of the received frame is compared to the computed CRC value of that frame, in order to verify the integrity of the frame. If the two values do not match, then the frame is discarded.

What is the purpose of a frame check sequence FCS footer quizlet?

What is the purpose of the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field? It detects errors in an Ethernet frame.

How many bytes is FCS?

FCS These last 4 bytes of the frame represent the frame check sequence (FCS), also known as the cyclical redundancy check, or CRC.

How large is the FCS field of an Ethernet II frame?

The Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field (4 bytes) is used to detect errors in a frame. It uses a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

What is FCS in Ethernet?

By far the most popular FCS algorithm is a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), used in Ethernet and other IEEE 802 protocols with 32 bits, in X.25 with 16 or 32 bits, in HDLC with 16 or 32 bits, in Frame Relay with 16 bits, in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) with 16 or 32 bits, and in other data link layer protocols .

What is the FCS field?

The FCS field contains a number that is calculated by the source node based on the data in the frame. This number is added to the end of a frame that is sent. When the destination node receives the frame the FCS number is recalculated and compared with the FCS number included in the frame. If the two numbers are different, an error is assumed and the frame is discarded.

How is FCS transmitted?

The FCS is often transmitted in such a way that the receiver can compute a running sum over the entire frame, together with the trailing FCS, expecting to see a fixed result (such as zero) when it is correct. For Ethernet and other IEEE 802 protocols, the standard states that data is sent least significant bit first, while the FCS is sent most significant bit (bit 31) first. An alternative approach is to generate the bit reversal of the FCS so that the reversed FCS can be also sent least significant bit (bit 0) first. Refer to Ethernet frame § Frame check sequence for more information.

image
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version2.83sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[21:46:20] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • Booting (12.28ms)
  • Application (2.82s)
  • 1 x Application (99.55%)
    2.82s
    1 x Booting (0.43%)
    12.28ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed2.8s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-06 21:46:20' and `slug` = 'what-is-the-function-of-the-fcs-field-in-an-ethernet-frame' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      1.91ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-06 21:46:20
      • 1. what-is-the-function-of-the-fcs-field-in-an-ethernet-frame
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 161471 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      430μsmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 161471
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      240μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      12.19ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      480μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      2.78s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 37679 limit 1
      900μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 37679
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        wYMGKSSnXUmeRV9nfjF3hE7tSQ47KsgCSQWDlsmc
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-the-function-of-the-fcs-field-in-an-...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-is-the-function-of-the-fcs-field-in-an-ethernet-frame
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=c994c2b888f1ccde.1749226571.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ii9XTUppUHphTTdpVTZVNkZ3NThPbnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSVhkSGN2SlZxZWtHUHJ0cDZtTHByM2hNbTFvMmZ2MmZEOGhmWk5WZERjc1U3YkpHS1FMaW1NRTJ2dUpyVkxRbEhTT2FhZ3pwYUphM1JrSTZ3OUVWbU13Sk1hc2FSUWcvcllyNXgzSU1vMTdibzJFcTRGYlpldUVpNlNRSVR1ZXUiLCJtYWMiOiIzMTYyNzhiM2E0MTUxZWQ1NGVmMGRjMTgwOTYzMzQ4YjVlYzI3MTUxMzc5YmMxODhhYjdjZTAxOWYxNGY3OTcyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkRPZi9uUVY2eVFPTFNWWXhjSVpmNFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU081ZlFoWU03ZzlRK2IxTnkxaExZVW9ZaDVLVU1hL1JlSWQ3VDd6SDRTcU5MV0E5MUhtZWdqZnk4TDErV09wYTAwN1VVaDFZZmJSejhhZEtnTUZ4V3FHU25MYXlLRTRPRTJBN2tOTWRZRnFXeE4xV0tSbzFDMWlHZ3V2MGcxcVAiLCJtYWMiOiIyYTZjNzI4MjE3MDZkOGZlM2U2NGIzZTBmNThiYjBiOWQwYmQ5MmExMzdkYmQ4MDg5ZDUyZTZhMTUwYWFjODc4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=c994c2b888f1ccde.1749226571.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ii9XTUppUHphTTdpVTZVNkZ3NThPbnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSVhkSGN2SlZxZWtHUHJ0cDZtTHByM" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.115" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94b936ad7ecdeaed-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.115, 172.71.255.92" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-is-the-function-of-the-fcs-field-in-an-ethernet-frame" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-is-the-function-of-the-fcs-field-in-an-ethernet-frame" "REMOTE_PORT" => "37032" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.71.255.92" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=c994c2b888f1ccde.1749226571.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ii9XTUppUHphTTdpVTZVNkZ3NThPbnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSVhkSGN2SlZxZWtHUHJ0cDZtTHByM2hNbTFvMmZ2MmZEOGhmWk5WZERjc1U3YkpHS1FMaW1NRTJ2dUpyVkxRbEhTT2FhZ3pwYUphM1JrSTZ3OUVWbU13Sk1hc2FSUWcvcllyNXgzSU1vMTdibzJFcTRGYlpldUVpNlNRSVR1ZXUiLCJtYWMiOiIzMTYyNzhiM2E0MTUxZWQ1NGVmMGRjMTgwOTYzMzQ4YjVlYzI3MTUxMzc5YmMxODhhYjdjZTAxOWYxNGY3OTcyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IkRPZi9uUVY2eVFPTFNWWXhjSVpmNFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU081ZlFoWU03ZzlRK2IxTnkxaExZVW9ZaDVLVU1hL1JlSWQ3VDd6SDRTcU5MV0E5MUhtZWdqZnk4TDErV09wYTAwN1VVaDFZZmJSejhhZEtnTUZ4V3FHU25MYXlLRTRPRTJBN2tOTWRZRnFXeE4xV0tSbzFDMWlHZ3V2MGcxcVAiLCJtYWMiOiIyYTZjNzI4MjE3MDZkOGZlM2U2NGIzZTBmNThiYjBiOWQwYmQ5MmExMzdkYmQ4MDg5ZDUyZTZhMTUwYWFjODc4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=c994c2b888f1ccde.1749226571.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ii9XTUppUHphTTdpVTZVNkZ3NThPbnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSVhkSGN2SlZxZWtHUHJ0cDZtTHByM" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.115" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94b936ad7ecdeaed-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.115, 172.71.255.92" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749226580.0939 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749226580 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "wYMGKSSnXUmeRV9nfjF3hE7tSQ47KsgCSQWDlsmc" "askhelpdesk_session" => "QzJQN4tIGnGcgyvbdavTwkV8o5XR9VX3x0Swcscs" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 06 Jun 2025 16:16:20 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjI0ekE5dTFCN2daSlllbVRPV0dXM2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic0c1R1l4OHJTdUJNckM1Y2h0V0Z1SFVtZGFwakl6ZVY1K0NaREFpY0VMZDF0MG9TZzM3cVNZdjdhUFFYNXExTldVMkVYN1A4dENvNllFQ2lxTXBKU2hhZktoV0p6cENxb2ErRUJaUFFzb3ZuRkJBeHRPYkR1ODAxRTQwZ2lBeGEiLCJtYWMiOiI2NDIzZmE4M2ZmNzYxMjJlMWMxNTkwM2EyZjE0MDNhZmNhYzBjMzE3NGEyZjMwZDZmZWExNTcwZWQ4Y2RiY2YzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 06-Jun-2025 18:16:22 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjI0ekE5dTFCN2daSlllbVRPV0dXM2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic0c1R1l4OHJTdUJNckM1Y2h0V0Z1SFVtZGFwakl6ZVY1K0NaREFpY0VMZDF0MG9TZzM3cVNZdjdhUFFYNXExTldVMkVYN" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6InZtTlZUaDN0dFh6QTdxdWJQRVI5OEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYzVVbWpvNE9aOHlwVytLK2w1MlFZSVNPa2Fva2hmSklUckJvRE5tUkcydTBCZzF4M2V1Ymw5ZnRZQWhHdy9neDRSajQydUMzdVRaT290ZFlqdm9QbFY1T0llUnlSMlBXWklmcStwUVlxVEhmanFyaVUzTFZUNGxsMWFRWlMzNUMiLCJtYWMiOiI0MmY2M2I0OTU1MTI1YmRhZDBlM2ZhMTcwODE4MDU1MDc4YzU3ODYyZTE1YWMzZDNhMGFmZTU4ZTQ4NmUyZTMzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 06-Jun-2025 18:16:22 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6InZtTlZUaDN0dFh6QTdxdWJQRVI5OEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYzVVbWpvNE9aOHlwVytLK2w1MlFZSVNPa2Fva2hmSklUckJvRE5tUkcydTBCZzF4M2V1Ymw5ZnRZQWhHdy9n" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjI0ekE5dTFCN2daSlllbVRPV0dXM2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic0c1R1l4OHJTdUJNckM1Y2h0V0Z1SFVtZGFwakl6ZVY1K0NaREFpY0VMZDF0MG9TZzM3cVNZdjdhUFFYNXExTldVMkVYN1A4dENvNllFQ2lxTXBKU2hhZktoV0p6cENxb2ErRUJaUFFzb3ZuRkJBeHRPYkR1ODAxRTQwZ2lBeGEiLCJtYWMiOiI2NDIzZmE4M2ZmNzYxMjJlMWMxNTkwM2EyZjE0MDNhZmNhYzBjMzE3NGEyZjMwZDZmZWExNTcwZWQ4Y2RiY2YzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 06-Jun-2025 18:16:22 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjI0ekE5dTFCN2daSlllbVRPV0dXM2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic0c1R1l4OHJTdUJNckM1Y2h0V0Z1SFVtZGFwakl6ZVY1K0NaREFpY0VMZDF0MG9TZzM3cVNZdjdhUFFYNXExTldVMkVYN" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6InZtTlZUaDN0dFh6QTdxdWJQRVI5OEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYzVVbWpvNE9aOHlwVytLK2w1MlFZSVNPa2Fva2hmSklUckJvRE5tUkcydTBCZzF4M2V1Ymw5ZnRZQWhHdy9neDRSajQydUMzdVRaT290ZFlqdm9QbFY1T0llUnlSMlBXWklmcStwUVlxVEhmanFyaVUzTFZUNGxsMWFRWlMzNUMiLCJtYWMiOiI0MmY2M2I0OTU1MTI1YmRhZDBlM2ZhMTcwODE4MDU1MDc4YzU3ODYyZTE1YWMzZDNhMGFmZTU4ZTQ4NmUyZTMzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 06-Jun-2025 18:16:22 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6InZtTlZUaDN0dFh6QTdxdWJQRVI5OEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYzVVbWpvNE9aOHlwVytLK2w1MlFZSVNPa2Fva2hmSklUckJvRE5tUkcydTBCZzF4M2V1Ymw5ZnRZQWhHdy9n" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "wYMGKSSnXUmeRV9nfjF3hE7tSQ47KsgCSQWDlsmc" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-the-function-of-the-fcs-field-in-an-ethernet-frame" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]