What is the freezing point constant for ethylene glycol?
| Solvent | Boiling point (°C) | K f (°C/mol/kg) |
| Ethylene glycol | 197.3 | –3.11 |
| Formic acid | 101.0 | –2.77 |
| Naphthalene | 217.9 | –6.80 |
| Nitrobenzene | 210.8 | –7.00 |
What is the boiling and melting point of ethylene?
Some Chemical Facts about Ethylene. Chemical formula = C 2 H 2. Molar mass = 26.04 g/mol; Physical state at room temperature = colorless, flammable gas; Odor = odorless; Melting point = −80.8°C (triple point of acetylene) Boiling point = −84°C (sublimation point) Earlier, ethyne was mainly produced via partial combustion of methane.
Why is glycerol heavier than ethylene glycol?
Glycerol (1,2,3-trihydroxypropane) has three -OH groups per molecule while ethylene glycol (1,2-dihydroxyethane) has two -OH groups. The viscosity depends on the amount of hydrogen bonding between molecules, and the more -OH bonds there are, the more hydrogen bonding can occur.
Is the freezing point of liquid a chemical property?
Physical properties of matter include color, hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical conductivity, density, freezing points, melting points, and boiling points. Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to solid. Melting point is the temperature at which a solid is converted to a liquid.
What is the treatment for ethylene glycol?
Treatment should not be delayed pending results of ethylene glycol serum levels if the patient’s condition or history suggests such poisoning. Treatment advice can be obtained from a regional poison control center or medical specialists such as the following with expertise and experience treating patients exposed to ethylene glycol:
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What is the freezing point of ethylene glycol?
8.78°F (-12.9°C)Ethylene glycol / Melting point
What is the freezing point depression of this ethylene glycol solution?
Pure ethylene glycol has a freezing point of −12.9∘C , and water's freezing point is 0∘C . So, the solution's freezing point should actually be below 0∘C (what occurs is freezing point depression due to colligative properties of adding solutes into a solvent, so the freezing point should drop).
How do you find the freezing point constant?
The freezing point depression ∆T = KF·m where KF is the molal freezing point depression constant and m is the molality of the solute.
What is KF constant?
Kf is a constant for a given solvent. Kf is called the molal freezing point depression constant and represents how many degrees the freezing point of the solvent will change when 1.00 mole of a nonvolatile nonionizing (nondissociating) solute dissolves in one kilogram of solvent.
What is the KF of ethylene glycol?
–3.11List of boiling and freezing information of solventsSolventBoiling point (°C)Kf (°C⋅kg/mol)Ethylene glycol197.3–3.11Formic acid101.0–2.77Naphthalene217.9–6.80Nitrobenzene210.8–7.0046 more rows
What is the freezing point of a 50/50 ethylene glycol solution?
-35°FBOILING & FREEZING POINTS Pure water, as you may know, has a boiling point of 212°F (100°C) and a freezing point of 32°F (0°C). However, when you create a 50/50 mixture using water and ethylene glycol, the boiling point rises to 223°F (106°C) and the freezing point lowers to -35°F (-37°C).
How do you calculate KF?
Divide the freezing point depression by the molal concentration so you have: Kf = delta Tf / cm. Insert the values for delta Tf and cm. For instance, if you have a solution with a molality of 0.455 which freezes at 3.17 degrees Celsius, then Kf would equal 3.17 divided by 0.455 or 6.96 degrees Celsius.
What does the KF represent in the freezing point depression equation?
The proportionality constant, Kf, is called the molal freezing-point depression constant. It is a constant that is equal to the change in the freezing point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute.
What is the value of KB for water?
0.512oC/mThe proportionality constant, Kb, is called the molal boiling-point elevation constant. It is a constant that is equal to the change in the boiling point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute. For water, the value of Kb is 0.512oC/m.
How do you find KF and KB?
0:056:29ALEKS: Using Kf and Kb equations - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo let's start by just writing the kf and kb equation. So we have them handy the kf equation whichMoreSo let's start by just writing the kf and kb equation. So we have them handy the kf equation which is the change to the freezing point of a solution is delta tf equals kf times little m molality.
What is freezing and freezing point?
freezing point, temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. As with the melting point, increased pressure usually raises the freezing point. The freezing point is lower than the melting point in the case of mixtures and for certain organic compounds such as fats.
Why does ethylene glycol increase boiling temperature?
The increase in boiling temperature is due to pure ethylene glycol having a much higher boiling point and lower vapor pressure than pure water, as is typical with most binary mixtures of volatile liquids .
What is the highest yield of ethylene glycol?
The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be achieved. The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. The separation of these oligomers and water is energy-intensive.
What is ethylene glycol used for?
The major use of ethylene glycol is as an antifreeze agent in the coolant in for example, automobiles and air-conditioning systems that either place the chiller or air handlers outside or must cool below the freezing temperature of water. In geothermal heating /cooling systems, ethylene glycol is the fluid that transports heat through the use of a geothermal heat pump. The ethylene glycol either gains energy from the source (lake, ocean, water well) or dissipates heat to the sink, depending on whether the system is being used for heating or cooling.
What is the process of converting ethylene oxide to ethylene carbonate?
In the OMEGA process , the ethylene oxide is first converted with carbon dioxide ( CO. 2) to ethylene carbonate. This ring is then hydrolyzed with a base catalyst in a second step to produce mono-ethylene glycol in 98% selectivity.
Why does propylene glycol taste bitter?
Industrial-grade propylene glycol usually has a slightly bitter or acrid taste due to impurities. See the article on propylene glycol for more information. The relative sweetness of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol is discussed in the Merck Index, and neither compound is described as bitter.
How long does it take for ethylene glycol to break down?
Ethylene glycol is a high-production-volume chemical; it breaks down in air in about 10 days and in water or soil in a few weeks. It enters the environment through the dispersal of ethylene glycol-containing products, especially at airports, where it is used in de-icing agents for runways and airplanes.
What is the chemical name for ethylene glycol?
Chemical compound. Ethylene glycol ( IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 2 OH) 2. It is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid.
What is ethylene glycol used for?
Ethylene glycol is also commonly used in heating applications that temporarily may not be operated (cold) in surroundings with freezing conditions - such as cars and machines with water cooled engines.
Can you use propylene glycol in water?
Ethylene glycol should be avoided if there is a slightest chance of leakage to potable water or food processing systems. Instead solutions based on propylene glycol are commonly used. Specific heat, viscosity and specific weight of a water and ethylene glycol solution vary significantly with the percent of ethylene glycol and the temperature ...
Can you use deionized water for ethylene glycol?
Distilled or deionized water should be used for ethylene glycol solutions. City water may be treated with chlorine which is corrosive. Systems for automatic makeup water should not be used since a leakage would contaminate the environment and dilute the antifreeze protection of the system.
Overview
This page provides supplementary chemical data on ethylene glycol.
Uses
Production
Chemical reactions
The major use of ethylene glycol is as an antifreeze agent in the coolant in for example, automobiles and air-conditioning systems that either place the chiller or air handlers outside or must cool below the freezing temperature of water. In geothermal heating/cooling systems, ethylene glycol is the fluid that transports heat through the use of a geothermal heat pump. The ethylene glycol either gai…
Toxicity
Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation:
C2H4O + H2O → HO−CH2CH2−OH
This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under …
Environmental effects
Ethylene glycol is used as a protecting group for carbonyl groups in organic synthesis. Treating a ketone or aldehyde with ethylene glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst (e.g., p-toluenesulfonic acid; BF3·Et2O) gives the corresponding a 1,3-dioxolane, which is resistant to bases and other nucleophiles. The 1,3-dioxolane protecting group can thereafter be removed by further acid hydrolysis. …
External links
Ethylene glycol has high mammalian toxicity when ingested, roughly on par with methanol, with an oral LDLo = 786 mg/kg for humans. The major danger is due to its sweet taste, which can attract children and animals. Upon ingestion, ethylene glycol is oxidized to glycolic acid, which is, in turn, oxidized to oxalic acid, which is toxic. It and its toxic byproducts first affect the central nervous system, then the heart, and finally the kidneys. Ingestion of sufficient amounts is fatal if untreate…