Difference Between Subjunctive and Indicative
- Indicative is a realis mood whereas subjunctive is irrealis mood.
- Indicative describes facts whereas subjunctive tells us desires or wishes.
- Subjunctive has more or less vanished from English language though it can be seen in many other Indo-European languages.
- Indicative is the most common of the verb moods.
What is present perfect continuous tense with examples?
Use of Present Continuous Tense with Examples
- An on-going action. The present continuous tense is used to explain an action that goes on at the time of speaking. ...
- Habits or Customs. It is used to express habits or customs. ...
- Temporary Actions. ...
- To express ‘Future’. ...
- To express ‘intention’. ...
- Time Expressing Adverbs. ...
- No use of Stative Verbs. ...
- Examples of Stative Verbs. ...
What is the past perfect subjunctive?
What Is the Past Subjunctive?
- Examples and Observations. The past subjunctive form has existed for many years, and it might be more common than you think. ...
- An Untensed Form. The past subjunctive form doesn't fit neatly into any form: "The meaning of the past subjunctive is not factual but counterfactual (e.g.
- Formal Usage. ...
- Correctness and Acceptability. ...
- Sources. ...
What is the present perfect tense for give?
Present Perfect Tense Examples
- Using Present Perfect Tense. To create the present perfect tense of any verb, you will combine the present tense of the verb "to have" plus the past participle of the ...
- Examples of Present Perfect Tense. I have lost my purse. ...
- Other Combinations of Words. ...
- The Importance of Present Perfect Tense. ...
What is the present perfect tense of the verb study?
Steps to Forming the Perfect Verb Tense
- The past perfect tense refers to an action that has been completed in the past.
- The present perfect tense is used for actions that have been completed at an unspecified time, or that are continuing to happen.
- The future perfect tense depicts the completion of future tasks as if they have happened.
What is the difference between present subjunctive and present indicative?
The subjunctive mood is used to talk about desires, doubts, wishes, conjectures, emotions, and possibilities. The indicative mood is used to talk about facts and other statements that are believed to be true and concrete. The imperative mood is used to give commands.
What is the difference between subjunctive or indicative?
The main difference between indicative and subjunctive mood is that Indicative mood is used to state facts while subjunctive mood is to indicate imaginary or conditional situations.08-Oct-2015
How do you know when to use the present perfect subjunctive in Spanish?
Present perfect subjunctive is used whenever we want to speak about an action that was supposed to happen in the past, but we don't know whether it happened or not, or how it went. For example: It's possible that I've lost all my money – Es posible que haya perdido todo mi dinero.
What is the present perfect indicative?
The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past (e.g., we have talked before) or began in the past and continued to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient over the last hour). This tense is formed by have/has + the past participle.
What is subjunctive present?
The present subjunctive is used in constructions such as: They suggested that he come with them. In English, the present subjunctive functions independently of time. It is formed by taking the infinitive form of the verb and removing to.
Is present indicative the same as present tense?
Present Indicative. The present indicative* tense is used similarly in Spanish and in English. The main difference is that the present tense is often used in Spanish when one would use the present progressive tense in English.
What is the present perfect of the subjunctive?
The present perfect subjunctive is used to describe what has happened in instances where the subjunctive is signaled: denial, doubt, recommendation, etc. For example: 'I hope that you have studied', 'I doubt that you have completed your homework', 'Ron is surprised that she has done it'.
What triggers present perfect subjunctive?
The present perfect subjunctive is used to talk about past actions connected to the present, as well as actions that will have been completed in the future. Certain words and phrases, such as those expressing emotions and desires, trigger the use of the present perfect subjunctive.
What is past perfect subjunctive in English?
The past perfect subjunctive has the same form as the past perfect tense: had + past participle. It is used in subordinate clauses and expresses unreal past situations: I wish they had arrived on time.
Where do we use present perfect tense?
The present perfect is often used for an action that started at some time in the past and is still continuing now. In this case, the words for (with a length or period of time) and since (with a specific starting time) are usually used with the present perfect. He has lived in Canada for five years.
What is an example of present perfect tense?
Using Present Perfect Tense. ... One example of this tense is: "have jumped." "Have" is the present tense and "jumped" is the past participle. Some other forms of this tense are: Has lived: She has lived here all her life.
What are the two parts of the present perfect?
The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb.
What are the three grammatical moods?
In the English language, there are three grammatical moods: imperative, Indicative and Subjunctive. In a sentence, the grammatical mood expresses the speaker’s attitude about the state of being of what the sentence describes.
What does indicative mood mean?
What Does Indicative Mean. The indicative mood is used to state facts. This can be used to make factual statements, asking questions, or expressing opinions as if they were facts. In fact, this article is mostly written in the indicative mood as it contains facts.
When to use subjunctive mood?
Subjunctive: Subjunctive mood is used in conditional and hypothetical situations.
What is the most used mood in the English language?
Indicative: This is the mostly used mood in the English language.
How many people were injured in the Lahore landslide?
Thirty nine people suffered injuries from a landslide in Lahore.
Is "to" an infinitive or subjunctive?
In subjunctive mood, the infinitive form of the verb is used after omitting ‘to’. However, the difference between subjunctive and indicative is noticeable in only certain cases.
What is the difference between mood and perfect tense?
One glaring difference between the two moods is that the subjunctive present perfect tense verb will likely be found in a subordinate clause.
What is the present perfect tense?
The present perfect tense is usually used for past actions that continue into the present, or continue to affect the present.
When to use the present perfect subjunctive?
The present perfect subjunctive, also known as the past or perfect subjunctive, is used when a verb or expression requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or present perfect.
What are the three moods a verb can have?
Subjunctive and indicative are two of the three moods a verb can have. There are many languages of the world (mostly Indo-European) where these moods of the verb matter a lot and have to be understood before one can hope to become proficient. Thus, verbs have not just tenses but also moods that may reflect a command, a reality, or a question.
What is indicative mood?
Most of the sentences in English have verbs in the indicative mood which is one of reality and stating a fact. This mood describes what happens, what is happening, or what has happened in the past. Indicative mood states the facts always.
Why is subjunctive hard to describe?
Subjunctive is a mood of the verb that is hard to describe because of its rare use in English language at present times. However, a few centuries ago, subjunctive mood was in use and then slowly disappeared from the scene. Then this mood of the verb reflected a desire that was far away from reality. In modern times, subjunctive mood is hard ...
Is "god save the queen" a conditional or subjunctive?
God Save the Queen is one example where save is the verb in the subjunctive mood.
What is the present subjunctive of "be"?
The present subjunctive of the verb be is be, and the present subjunctive of have is have:
How to make subjunctive past tense negative?
To make the subjunctive past tense were negative, put not or -n’t after it, just the same as for the indicative:
What is indicative mood?
Verbs that are used to make statements and ask questions are said to be in the indicative mood.
Is there a difference between indicative mood and subjunctive mood?
There is very little difference in form between the subjunctive mood and the indicative mood in English, so little in fact that many English-speakers are not even aware that there is such a thing as a subjunctive in English.
When to use subjunctive?
The subjunctive may be used in subordinate clauses following verbs or expressions meaning ‘ask’, ‘insist’, ‘suggest’, ‘recommend’, ‘be important’, etc:
Is the past indicative the same as the past subjunctive?
In all other cases, the simple past indicative and the past subjunctive are identical, and most grammarians now simply treat all such verbs as indicatives:
Which adjectives are followed by the subjunctive?
Adjectives that may be followed by the subjunctive are advisable, appropriate, better, crucial, desirable, essential, fitting, important, necessary, preferable, reasonable, right, urgent and vital:
What does subjunctive 2 mean?
Summary. In addition to the various tenses, verbs can exist in three moods: Subjunctive II expresses hypothetical and “counterfactual” statements (“what if,” “I wish,” “I would,” “I could” etc.). Normally, if someone speaks about “the subjunctive,” they mean Subjunctive II.
How many tenses are there in subjunctive?
Subjunctive II exists in only two tenses: present and past, but there are two ways to form the present subjunctive, one formal (one-word form based on simple past of the verb), one informal (würde + infinitive). ==> Whereas you are used to having just one option for the present tense and two options for the past tense (formal–narrative past [one word]; informal–perfect [two words]) in the indicative, in the subjunctive you have two options for the present tense (one-word form, or würde + infinitive) and only one option for the past (based on perfect tense ==> hätte/wäre + past participle)
How many tenses are there in the indicative tense?
Whereas we expect you to learn five tenses of the indicative (Present, Perfect [two-word past tense], Narrative Past [one-word past tense], Past Perfect [what had happened before something else in the past] and Future, you only need to distinguish between two tenses of Subjunctive II: Present subjunctive [what someone would do] and past subjunctive [what someone would have done ].
Is "I wish I were a dog" past tense?
Note: “I wish I were a dog” sounds like past tense [I were ], but it’s not: you’re wishing you were a dog now! This happens because the English subjunctive is formed on the basis of the past tense [or alternatively as would + infinitive] just like the German subjunctive is formed on the basis of the simple past! So the German for this would be “Ich wünschte, ich wäre ein Hund” using present subjunctive.
What does "past perfect" mean?
Past Perfect [a.k.a. Plusquamperfekt]: what had happened before something else in the past happened : only rarely used; especially with bevor and nachdem!
Does a subjunctive have an umlaut?
Note 2: For the modals, the one-word subjunctive has an umlaut if the infinitive has one: könnte, dürfte, möchte and müßte, but sollte and konnte.
What does "present" mean?
Present [a.k.a. Präsens]: what happens, what is happening
What does indicative mean in a speech?
We use the indicative for facts, and things that are certain from the speaker’s point of view.
What is indicative mood?
Don’t freak out; the indicative is the mood that you normally use without even thinking about it. Here are some examples using a variety of tenses, which you may well already know!
What are the moods in Spanish?
Spanish has three moods: 1. The indicative. There are lots of ways to use the indicative. The following is a list of all the tenses (when something happens) that we can use in the indicative. You’ve probably seen most of them before, and we have learning materials for all of them! Present indicative.
What is the translation of "ojalá"?
A decent translation for ‘ojalá’ is ‘hopefully.’
What is an impersonal expression?
Impersonal expressions are for stating an observation or opinion. Instead of starting with any old verb conjugated to a specific person, we start with the verb ser in the third person singular.
What is one form of uncertainty?
One form of uncertainty is when the existence of something isn’t definite.
What is the mood used when giving commands?
3. Imperative. This is the mood used when giving commands.
Forming the Present Perfect Subjunctive
The present perfect subjunctive is a combination of the present subjunctive of the verb haber and a past participle. It's very similar to the present perfect indicative, but is triggered by the same sorts of words and phrases as the present subjunctive.
Present Perfect Subjunctive Uses
The present perfect subjunctive is used to talk about past actions connected to the present, as well as actions that will have been completed in the future. Certain words and phrases, such as those expressing emotions and desires, trigger the use of the present perfect subjunctive.
1. Past Actions Connected to the Present
The present perfect subjunctive can be used to talk about actions that happened in the past but are relevant in the present. It's very common to see it used to talk about things that just happened.
When not to use the subjunctive?
To express affirmation or certainty with “objective” verbs, use the indicative :
Regular verbs in French
The musical notes mean that the pronunciation is the same, despite the different endings.
Irregular verbs
For pronunciation, keep in mind that the 1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular and 3rd person plural always have the same pronunciation (even when not indicated by the musical note).
The future of the French subjunctive
If it can reassure you, the subjunctive is an unloved and mistreated mode, much to the displeasure of the Académie française, which is trying to save it at all costs. In some sentences, the subjunctive can seem a bit pedantic and thus create a social gap.
