Sample Questions
| Generalized transduction | Specialized transduction |
| Generalized transduction is done by the ... | Specialized transduction is done by temp ... |
| Generalized transduction undergoes a lyt ... | Specialized transduction undergoes a lys ... |
| Bacterial cell lyses quickly. | These bacteria cells take some time to u ... |
| A portion of donor bacterial DNA is encl ... | Small parts of bacterial DNA remain atta ... |
What is meant by generalized transduction?
1. Generalized transduction: If all the fragments of donor DNA from any region of chromosome have a chance to enter into transducing bacteriophage then it is known as generalized transduction.
What is the difference between generalized and specialized transduction in phages?
Temperate phages show specialized transduction. During generalized transduction, the virus destroys the bacterial cell. In specialized transduction, bacterial cells are not quickly destroyed unless there is an induction. This is the main difference between generalized and specialized transduction.
What is restricted or specialized transduction?
This transfer of bacterial genes adjacent to prophage only to the recipient chromosome is called restricted or specialized transduction (Fig. 8.19 A-H). For the first time Morse (1956) discovered specialized transduction.
What is meant by specialized transduction in bacteria?
In specialized transduction, bacteriophage transfer only a few restricted gene (DNA fragments) from donor bacteria to recipient bacteria. Specialized transduction is carried only by temperate bacteriophage which undergoes lysogenic cycle in donor cell.
What's the difference between generalized transduction and specialized transduction?
There are two types of transduction: generalized and specialized. In generalized transduction, the bacteriophages can pick up any portion of the host's genome. In contrast, with specialized transduction, the bacteriophages pick up only specific portions of the host's DNA.
What is the difference between generalized and specialized?
Number: Generalization involves multiple entities and combines them into a generalized entity. Specialization involves a single entity broken down into multiple sub-entities. Size: Generalization reduces the schema of the data by unifying components. Specialization expands the schema by multiplying the components.
How is generalized transduction different from specialized transduction quizlet?
Transduction: Generalized Transduction How is generalized transduction different from specialized transduction? Generalized transduction is initiated during lytic cycle of a virulent bacteriophage; specialized transduction is initiated during the lysogenic cycle of a temperate bacteriophage.
What is a Specialised transduction?
Specialized transduction is the process by which a restricted set of bacterial genes is transferred to another bacterium. The genes that get transferred (donor genes) depend on where the phage genome is located on the chromosome. Biology.
What is the difference between generalization and specialization in ER model?
In Generalization process, what actually happens is that it takes the union of two or more lower-level entity sets to produce a higher-level entity sets. Specialization is reverse of Generalization. Specialization is a process of taking a subset of a higher level entity set to form a lower-level entity set.
What is the difference between specialization and generalization Why do we not display this difference in schema diagram?
In generalization, a higher entity must have some lower entities whereas, in specialization, a higher entity may not have any lower entity present. Generalization helps in reducing the size of schema whereas, specialization is just opposite it increases the number of entities thereby increasing the size of a schema.
What is specialized transduction quizlet?
- specialized transduction. Generalized transduction. donor bacterial genes are randomly transferred to a recipient bacterial cell with the help of bacteriophage, mediated by lytic phage.
How does specialized transduction differ from regular Lysogeny How does specialized transduction differ from regular Lysogeny?
How does specialized transduction differ from regular lysogeny? The resulting bacteriophage from specialized transduction cannot infect a new host cell. The prophage is not excised during specialized transduction. The prophage in specialized transduction carries with it pieces of the host chromosomal DNA.
Which of the following is a description of generalized transduction?
Which of the following is a description of generalized transduction? Random pieces of bacterial DNA can become incorporated into a phage coat.
What are the steps of specialized transduction?
Steps of Specialized Transduction The phage containing some part of the bacterial chromosome then infects a new host, and the donor DNA is incorporated into the recipient bacterium during the lysogenic cycle of the replication. The recipient then expresses the newly acquired genetic trait.
What is specialized transduction?
In specialized transduction, bacteriophage transfer only a few restricted gene (DNA fragments) from donor bacteria to recipient bacteria. Specialized transduction is carried only by temperate bacteriophage which undergoes lysogenic cycle in donor cell.
What are the two types of transduction?
There are two types of transduction. Generalized transduction. Specialized transduction. 1. Generalized transduction: If all the fragments of donor DNA from any region of chromosome have a chance to enter into transducing bacteriophage then it is known as generalized transduction.
What happens when a lysogenic cell is exposed to a stimulus?
When such lysogenic cell is exposed to certain stimulus such as some chemicals or UV lights, it causes induction of virus genome from host cell genome and begins lytic cycle. On induction from donor DNA, this phage genome sometimes carries a part of bacterial DNA with it.
What is transduction in biology?
Transduction is a method of gene transfer in bacteria from donor to recipient using bacteriophage. In transduction at first bacteriophage infects donor bacteria and then carries some part of donor genome with it. When this bacteriophage infects new bacterial cell, it transfer that DNA in to recipient cell. 1.
Can a bacteriophage transfer DNA?
Such abnormal bacteriophage when infects a new cell, it can transfer this donor DNA into new bacteria. Since this donor DNA is not viral DNA, it does not replicates inside recipient bacteria but undergoes homologous recombination with recipient cell’s chromosomal DNA forming recombinant cell. Figure: generalized transduction. 2. ...
Bacterial Transduction
Transduction refers to the transfer of a part of DNA between two bacteriums via a bacteriaophage.
A. Generalized Transduction
Generalized transduction occurs most commonly during the lytic cycles of virulent and temperate phages, but can sometimes occur during the cycle of temperate bacteria.
B. Specialized transduction
Specialized transduction occurs when only a small portion of the bacterial DNA is carried by transducing particle.
Why is generalized transduction important?
Generalized transduction also helps the mapping of bacterial genes because the chromosomal segment which has been transferred by bacteriophage contains hundreds of genes. These are tested by using the genetic markers. For example, two temperate (PI and 363) transfer markers from one strain of E. coli to the other.
What are the two types of transduction?
ADVERTISEMENTS: Transduction is of two types, generalized transduction and specialized transduction . Type # 1. Generalized Transduction: Generalized transduction was discovered in 1952 by Norton Zinder and Joshua Lederberg.
What is the name of the process of transduction of DNA into another bacterium?
8.18 E-F). This type of transduction is called complete transduction.
When was specialized transduction discovered?
For the first time Morse (1956) discovered specialized transduction. It is made possible by an error in the lysogenic life cycle of phage. When a phage genome is introduced in the bacterial cell, it becomes integrated with bacterial chromosome as prophage (A).
What is it called when the exogenote is not integrated into the endogenote?
In contrast, when the exogenote is not integrated into the endogenote and remains free, it is called abortive transduction (H). The recipient bacteria that contain this non-integrated transduced DNA and are partially diploid, are called abortive transductants.
Key Difference – Generalized vs Specialized Transduction
What Is Generalized Transduction?
- There are two types of bacteriophages: virulent and temperate. Virulent bacteriophage is capable of killing the host bacterium. They always undergo lytic life cycle which causes the death of host bacteria. Infection of a bacterium by a virulent bacteriophage and transferring bacterial DNA to another bacterium during the second infection is known as generalized transduction. Hence, ge…
What Is Specialized Transduction?
- Temperate bacteriophages show lysogenic life cycles. They are involved with specialized transduction process in which a fragment of bacterial DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another bacterium due to an error. Hence, specialized transduction can be defined as the transfer of donor bacterial DNA to another bacterium by the temperate bacteriophages. When temperat…
Bacterial Transduction
Principle of Bacterial Transduction
- The mechanism of infection is the basis of transduction.
- The bacterial donor DNA can be incorporated into the bacteriophage by either the lytic or the Lysogenic cycles.
- New phages are created from the bacteria cell after the bacterial genome is integrated into the phage.
- The mechanism of infection is the basis of transduction.
- The bacterial donor DNA can be incorporated into the bacteriophage by either the lytic or the Lysogenic cycles.
- New phages are created from the bacteria cell after the bacterial genome is integrated into the phage.
- These phages then infect host cells. Phages attach to a bacterial cell’s surface receptor and inject their donor DNA into the cytoplasm.
A. Generalized Transduction
- Generalized transduction occurs most commonly during the lytic cycles of virulent and temperate phages, but can sometimes occur during the cycle of temperate bacteria.
- This happens when a small portion of the phage viral virions generated during the lytic cycles are aberrant and contain a random fragment from the bacterial genome rather than phage DNA.
- Generalized transduction occurs most commonly during the lytic cycles of virulent and temperate phages, but can sometimes occur during the cycle of temperate bacteria.
- This happens when a small portion of the phage viral virions generated during the lytic cycles are aberrant and contain a random fragment from the bacterial genome rather than phage DNA.
- Each transducing Phage carries a distinct set of closely related genes. This represents a small part of the bacterial genomic DNA. The term generalized transduction is when transduction occurs thro...
- Each part of a bacterial genome is approximately equally likely to be transferred from donor to receiver bacteria.
B. Specialized Transduction
- Specialized transduction occurs when only a small portion of the bacterial DNA is carried by transducing particle.
- An error in the lysogenic process of temperate phages allows for specialized transduction. These phages insert their genomes in a specific spot on the host’s chromosome.
- Excision can sometimes be done incorrectly when a prophage leaves the host chromosome. …
- Specialized transduction occurs when only a small portion of the bacterial DNA is carried by transducing particle.
- An error in the lysogenic process of temperate phages allows for specialized transduction. These phages insert their genomes in a specific spot on the host’s chromosome.
- Excision can sometimes be done incorrectly when a prophage leaves the host chromosome. The phage genome that results is a phage contains some portions of the prophage chromosome (about 5-10% bacter...
- The transducing particle, however, is not virus-friendly and cannot reproduce by itself.