Receiving Helpdesk

what is the difference between bingham plastic and pseudoplastic

by Prof. Nathan Kreiger Jr. Published 3 years ago Updated 3 years ago

The key difference between plastic and pseudoplastic flow is that plastic flow describes the flowing behavior of a material after application of stress, whereas pseudoplastic flow exhibits the behavior of both Newtonian flow and plastic flow.Dec 12, 2021

Full Answer

What is the difference between Bingham and pseudoplastic fluid?

In contrast to a Bingham fluid, a pseudoplastic fluid is a fluid that increases viscosity as force is applied. A typical example is a suspension of cornstarch in water with a concentration of one to one. This cornstarch behaves like water when no force is applied; however, it is solidified as force is applied.

What is a Bingham plastic?

A Bingham plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress. It is named after Eugene C. Bingham who proposed its mathematical form.

Is Bingham plastic model suitable for sediment-laden flows?

The Bingham plastic model is well suited to sediment-laden flows with large concentrations of fine particles (Wan and Wang, 1994; Julien, 1995 ). 4. The yield stress of hyperconcentrated mixture is generally formulated as a function of sediment concentration.

What is the shear stress in Bingham plastic?

In the Bingham plastic model, the shear stress should exceed a certain value to break the gelation bonding of the drilling fluid and allow it to flow. This behavior enables drilling fluid to suspend the drilling cuttings and solids within the drilling fluid when the circulation stops.

What is a Bingham pseudoplastic?

Small amounts of force applied to the fluid will not deform the fluid, but once enough force is applied, the fluid can deform and flow like any fluid without a yield stress. A Bingham Pseudoplastic fluid has a yield stress, but also decreases in viscosity as it shears at higher rates.

What is a pseudoplastic fluid?

In contrast to a Bingham fluid, a pseudoplastic fluid is a fluid that increases viscosity as force is applied. A typical example is a suspension of cornstarch in water with a concentration of one to one. This cornstarch behaves like water when no force is applied; however, it is solidified as force is applied.

What is the difference between pseudoplastic and thixotropic?

The key difference between thixotropic and pseudoplastic is that the viscosity of thixotropic fluids decreases upon applying a force whereas the viscosity of pseudoplastic fluids increases upon applying a force. Fluids are liquid or gaseous substances that have a viscosity.

What is pseudoplastic fluids dilatant fluids and Bingham fluids?

- Fluids That Decrease in Viscosity When Force Is Applied - Substances that decreases in viscosity when force is applied to them are called pseudoplastic fluids. Before force is applied, these substances have a high viscosity, appearing at a glance to be Bingham fluids, but they do not have a yield value.

What is a Bingham?

A Bingham plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress.

What is the difference between plastic and pseudoplastic?

The key difference between plastic and pseudoplastic flow is that plastic flow describes the flowing behavior of a material after application of stress, whereas pseudoplastic flow exhibits the behavior of both Newtonian flow and plastic flow.

What is pseudoplastic material?

A pseudoplastic material is one in which viscosity decreases with increasing rate of shear (also termed shear thinning). This property is found in certain complex solutions, such as ketchup, whipped cream, blood, paint, and nail polish.

What is the difference between dilatant and pseudoplastic?

An example of dilatant fluid is sand in water. On the other hand, when viscosity decreases when stress increases, the fluid is called pseudoplastic fluid.

What is the difference between dilatant and rheopectic?

The difference between dilatant and rheopectic materials is that rheopectic materials' viscosity is time dependant and thus increases the longer the stress is applied [4][5], whereas dilatant materials' viscosity increases just with an increase in stress.

Is Bingham plastic a Newtonian fluid?

For Bingham plastic fluid, the shear stress beyond the yield stress is linearly proportional to the shear rate. If the yield stress approaches zero, the Bingham plastic fluid can be approximately treated as a Newtonian fluid.

Is toothpaste a Bingham plastic?

Bingham Plastics act as a rigid body until a certain force is applied, then it acts as a liquid. Toothpaste is a Bingham Plastic. Pseudo-plastics (shear thinning) decrease in viscosity when more force is applied. Example of pseudo-plastics include: nail polish, lava, ketchup, and whipped cream.

Is ketchup a Bingham plastic?

Ketchup is known as a Casson plastic, meaning it has a non-linear flow once the critical stress point is overcome. That's why you have to hit the bottle hard to get the ketchup to flow. This force overcomes the stress point and allows the ketchup to flow very quickly.

What is Plastic Flow?

Plastic flow is a chemical phenomenon that describes the flowing behavior of a material after applying stress which reaches a critical value. It is also known as plastic deformation. It is the permanent distortion that occurs if we subject a material to tensile, compressive, bending, or torsion stresses, which tend to exceed its yield strength.

What is Pseudoplastic Flow?

Pseudoplastic flow exhibits the behavior of both Newtonian flow and plastic flow. In the process of pseudoplastic flow, the liquid tends to flow as plastic at high shear rates. However, it does not have a yield point, and therefore, it will always flow under the shear stress similar to a Newtonian liquid.

What is the Difference Between Plastic and Pseudoplastic Flow?

Plastic flow is a chemical phenomenon that describes the flowing behavior of a material after applying stress which reaches a critical value. Pseudoplastic flow exhibits the behavior of both Newtonian flow and plastic flow.

Summary – Plastic vs Pseudoplastic Flow

Plastic and pseudoplastic behavior are two rheological processes regarding different materials. The key difference between plastic and pseudoplastic flow is that plastic flow describes the flowing behavior of a material after application of stress, whereas pseudoplastic flow exhibits the behavior of both Newtonian flow and plastic flow.

Why is the Bingham plastic model used?

The Bingham plastic model became widely used because it is simple and estimates pressure loss in a turbulent condition with accuracy close to the other models.

What is shear stress in Bingham plastic?

In the Bingham plastic model, the shear stress should exceed a certain value to break the gelation bonding of the drilling fluid and allow it to flow. This behavior enables drilling fluid to suspend the drilling cuttings and solids within the drilling fluid when the circulation stops.

What is the Bingham model?

The Bingham plastic model is the most common rheological model used in the drilling industry. This model is a two parameter model that includes yield stress and plastic viscosity of the fluid. As it is shown in Figure 2-15, the fluid initially resists flowing until the shear stress exceeds a certain value. After the fluid starts to flow there is a linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate.

Is Bingham plastic better than other models?

For drilling fluid treatment purposes, the Bingham plastic model is superior to other models as it indicates the nature of contamination of the drilling fluid and the required treatment. For instance, an increase in plastic viscosity of the fluid indicates solid contamination, while an increase in yield point suggests chemical contamination.

What are some examples of pseudoplastic fluids?

Typical examples for pseudo-plastic fluids are polymer solutions and similar solutions of high molecular weight substances. At low shear rates, these liquids will experience the formation of shear stress. The shear stress results in the reordering of the molecules in order to reduce the overall stress.

What is the Herschel-Bulkley model?

The Herschel–Bulkley model describes the behavior of pseudo plastic fluids that exhibit a yield stress. The flowrate of these fluids in laminar flow in a round pipe can be calculate by substituting the model equation 5.8 into equation 5.18

Why are shear thickening fluids useless?

In printing, shear-thickening fluids are useless, because the fluid will not distribute properly, particularly with fast-running presses related to the occurrence of the high shearing stresses. At times, stiff pastes of very high pigment concentration as a base for printing ink, or intaglio inks for copper and steel engraving to assist in clean wiping of the plate, exhibit shear-thickening fluids.

What is viscoelasticity in chemistry?

Viscoelasticity refers to the presence of viscous and elastic properties together ( Koleske, 2012; Mezger, 2014 ). Viscous properties are connected with the occurrence of irreversible deformations, which increase with time and remain upon removal of the stress. On the other hand, elastic properties refer to the appearance of reversible deformations of solid, which disappear spontaneously and immediately upon removal of the stress. However, more viscous or more elastic behavior depends on the time of deformation. In general, it can be concluded that a more rapid deformation of the material refers to greater elasticity, and in an opposite way, a less rapid, slower deformation relates to greater viscosity of the material. This property depends on the molecular structure, the presence of particles, and interactions of particles in the examined material.

Is cornstarch a solid?

This cornstarch behaves like water when no force is applied; however, it is solidified as force is applied. In addition to the above, there is fluid called time-dependent fluid. Fluid whose viscosity decreases over time is called Thixotropy fluid and fluid whose viscosity increases with time is called Rheopectic fluid.

Does chocolate flow over the vertical face?

The chocolate will not flow over the vertical face, as long as its weight is less than the yield force. The maximum thickness z of coating is then calculated from:#N#Azρg = Aτ 0 ⇒ z = τ0 ρg = 12 1011 × 9.8 = 0.0012 m. = 1.2 mm.

Is a polymer solution a fluid?

In general, a polymer solution behaves like a pseudoplastic fluid. The reduction in polymer solution viscosity as a function of shear rate () is described by the power-law model ( Bird et al., 1960 ), which is given by

What are some examples of pseudoplastic substances?

A common example of a pseudoplastic substance is a suspension of cornstarch in water. Here, the concentration of cornstarch has to be equal to the concentration of water. When no force is applied, this suspension behaves similar to water. But, when shear stress is applied on the fluid, it solidifies. Other common examples include paint and ketchup.

What is the difference between thixotropic and pseudoplastic fluids?

The key difference between thixotropic and pseudoplastic is that the viscosity of thixotropic fluids decreases upon applying a force whereas the viscosity of pseudoplastic fluids increases upon applying a force. Fluids are liquid or gaseous substances that have a viscosity.

What is the opposite of pseudoplastic fluid?

The opposite type of fluid for pseudoplastic is Bingham fluid. It is a time-dependent fluid because the shear stress applied to the fluid during a particular amount of time is taken to determine the change in viscosity. A common example of a pseudoplastic substance is a suspension of cornstarch in water.

image
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version304msRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[15:40:08] LOG.warning: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecat...
  • Booting (11.95ms)
  • Application (292ms)
  • 1 x Application (95.96%)
    291.51ms
    1 x Booting (3.93%)
    11.95ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed275ms
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-27 15:40:08' and `slug` = 'what-is-the-difference-between-bingham-plastic-and-pseudoplastic' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      2.3ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-27 15:40:08
      • 1. what-is-the-difference-between-bingham-plastic-and-pseudoplastic
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 183235 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      12.99msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 183235
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      660μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      390μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      220μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      258ms/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 21992 limit 1
      680μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 21992
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        OBHQlqhUo78HE3hvO5tFZBIy60jEdfMKHkKzW9aS
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-the-difference-between-bingham-plast...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-is-the-difference-between-bingham-plastic-and-pseudoplastic
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjNqSC9lSWJzclNKeGNCd2pyNi8vNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUE4yTndzQU96b2lnU0lqZTZ1Y1R1b2JwbzBjVFowQVJCd2dzUzBjRkdHMUpieldtbXNyaUFQRmQyN2RJd0NxbkdaTXQ3dE80OVgrc29mZFhTTnoremtsV0dNeXBKbDF3aHdmd0V5cE1IRklYMFV3eU1SL2JNa0s0WlhIUkhXOFciLCJtYWMiOiIxYjFlMmExMzc3YjNkM2NlNTAxMzYwM2ZhY2ZhMmU4MmQ5NTI5Mzk3YTQwYmJjOTBlYWY3Y2IxM2ZhMjFiZTBhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ii9BNVRCUHMza3Zaang0bmFYWHNhaGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZUdYR2l3bzdUaVAxUGFLdU5jQVpHS0ZjQ2NUb0RyVkwxdG9hV3pkVGhpb1NkR2RjdmNRbnBIeUVsZ0hFbC9nUUdlb0ZDRnB3SWhMSXhmdWtWNGkyaEtuTS9KMzh5a1lFbWw0anFqRkJaMnU2VDB1ZmtnSkhIMGVWbHFDdVE3bGoiLCJtYWMiOiJmNGJhMjE3YmE3YmFjYTU3ZjkzYTZmYzljMTcxNjU5ZDI1M2Y2NDdmYzQ3MTQ3MDA1NjM1ZjljMTg5MzgxMTUyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _pk_id.63.7c30=17cdc7acf8915c89.1751019008.; _pk_ses.63.7c30=1; _pk_id.64.7c30=454a9065c27328df.1751019008.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjNqSC9lSWJzclNKeGNCd2pyNi8vNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUE4yTndzQU96b2lnU0lqZTZ1Y1R1b2JwbzBjVFowQVJCd2dzUzBjRkdHMUpieldtbXNyaUFQRmQyN2RJd0NxbkdaTXQ3d" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.235" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "956427234c77d84c-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.235, 172.70.127.201" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-is-the-difference-between-bingham-plastic-and-pseudoplastic" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-is-the-difference-between-bingham-plastic-and-pseudoplastic" "REMOTE_PORT" => "58704" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.70.127.201" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjNqSC9lSWJzclNKeGNCd2pyNi8vNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUE4yTndzQU96b2lnU0lqZTZ1Y1R1b2JwbzBjVFowQVJCd2dzUzBjRkdHMUpieldtbXNyaUFQRmQyN2RJd0NxbkdaTXQ3dE80OVgrc29mZFhTTnoremtsV0dNeXBKbDF3aHdmd0V5cE1IRklYMFV3eU1SL2JNa0s0WlhIUkhXOFciLCJtYWMiOiIxYjFlMmExMzc3YjNkM2NlNTAxMzYwM2ZhY2ZhMmU4MmQ5NTI5Mzk3YTQwYmJjOTBlYWY3Y2IxM2ZhMjFiZTBhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ii9BNVRCUHMza3Zaang0bmFYWHNhaGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZUdYR2l3bzdUaVAxUGFLdU5jQVpHS0ZjQ2NUb0RyVkwxdG9hV3pkVGhpb1NkR2RjdmNRbnBIeUVsZ0hFbC9nUUdlb0ZDRnB3SWhMSXhmdWtWNGkyaEtuTS9KMzh5a1lFbWw0anFqRkJaMnU2VDB1ZmtnSkhIMGVWbHFDdVE3bGoiLCJtYWMiOiJmNGJhMjE3YmE3YmFjYTU3ZjkzYTZmYzljMTcxNjU5ZDI1M2Y2NDdmYzQ3MTQ3MDA1NjM1ZjljMTg5MzgxMTUyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _pk_id.63.7c30=17cdc7acf8915c89.1751019008.; _pk_ses.63.7c30=1; _pk_id.64.7c30=454a9065c27328df.1751019008.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjNqSC9lSWJzclNKeGNCd2pyNi8vNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUE4yTndzQU96b2lnU0lqZTZ1Y1R1b2JwbzBjVFowQVJCd2dzUzBjRkdHMUpieldtbXNyaUFQRmQyN2RJd0NxbkdaTXQ3d" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.235" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "956427234c77d84c-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.235, 172.70.127.201" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1751019008.5448 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1751019008 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:6 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "OBHQlqhUo78HE3hvO5tFZBIy60jEdfMKHkKzW9aS" "askhelpdesk_session" => "i56IBpW1N0pP0bRbB0fiDtEELXWcihpGpqlGJLMg" "_pk_id_63_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_63_7c30" => null "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 27 Jun 2025 10:10:08 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlAraU13b3h5ZXV3cUV6Z201TDJuUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicTBqT01ZTFNZUUloTTR4aUJNM3ZQOTQxeFg2T3kwQmY3cEVuYzIrMERIWVcvdFpNbUluSFVjbHFyU01aNXIrSEljZFg2ZFZHRW1IMHB2QlF4UVNQYnlVa1QzRnppREtPblpjbXB0UE9ZQ0QwR0hHVHhGWEZrUmtYamtiL2ZpL20iLCJtYWMiOiIwNWJiZTRhOWZmMDI5MmYwYjlmODFhYzkxNTAxNTBlZjJhNWI5ZjhhNDIzMDA2NzllMWU1OGIwY2E5MWFmYmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 27-Jun-2025 12:10:08 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlAraU13b3h5ZXV3cUV6Z201TDJuUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicTBqT01ZTFNZUUloTTR4aUJNM3ZQOTQxeFg2T3kwQmY3cEVuYzIrMERIWVcvdFpNbUluSFVjbHFyU01aNXIrSEljZFg2Z" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlJ3MU9hbDZzMGd2aXhvMU92U0hVbkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1BGUmFkMUJIdWViRTJ5bm9GN0dqUnRiMzg4cFprQjlYeWF4WGx2dWhWOGhacm5pUlFrZHR2d1lkV0JiT2w1a1ZDVi8vNW83a25rS2lLL3JtZFF6WGFXbTVrU1JySjkrMW13anFFOEU4U0lNbS90SzI3UVhYVEZXa0R1allZMi8iLCJtYWMiOiJkNGJlNjA0YzE0MzU4NGRkODNiM2VkMTUyYjMxNDA3Yjk5MDc0NzViMmRhODgwODM1NWFhZTEyNWNmYzNiZGMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 27-Jun-2025 12:10:08 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlJ3MU9hbDZzMGd2aXhvMU92U0hVbkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1BGUmFkMUJIdWViRTJ5bm9GN0dqUnRiMzg4cFprQjlYeWF4WGx2dWhWOGhacm5pUlFrZHR2d1lkV0JiT2w1" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlAraU13b3h5ZXV3cUV6Z201TDJuUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicTBqT01ZTFNZUUloTTR4aUJNM3ZQOTQxeFg2T3kwQmY3cEVuYzIrMERIWVcvdFpNbUluSFVjbHFyU01aNXIrSEljZFg2ZFZHRW1IMHB2QlF4UVNQYnlVa1QzRnppREtPblpjbXB0UE9ZQ0QwR0hHVHhGWEZrUmtYamtiL2ZpL20iLCJtYWMiOiIwNWJiZTRhOWZmMDI5MmYwYjlmODFhYzkxNTAxNTBlZjJhNWI5ZjhhNDIzMDA2NzllMWU1OGIwY2E5MWFmYmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 27-Jun-2025 12:10:08 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlAraU13b3h5ZXV3cUV6Z201TDJuUXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicTBqT01ZTFNZUUloTTR4aUJNM3ZQOTQxeFg2T3kwQmY3cEVuYzIrMERIWVcvdFpNbUluSFVjbHFyU01aNXIrSEljZFg2Z" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlJ3MU9hbDZzMGd2aXhvMU92U0hVbkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1BGUmFkMUJIdWViRTJ5bm9GN0dqUnRiMzg4cFprQjlYeWF4WGx2dWhWOGhacm5pUlFrZHR2d1lkV0JiT2w1a1ZDVi8vNW83a25rS2lLL3JtZFF6WGFXbTVrU1JySjkrMW13anFFOEU4U0lNbS90SzI3UVhYVEZXa0R1allZMi8iLCJtYWMiOiJkNGJlNjA0YzE0MzU4NGRkODNiM2VkMTUyYjMxNDA3Yjk5MDc0NzViMmRhODgwODM1NWFhZTEyNWNmYzNiZGMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 27-Jun-2025 12:10:08 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlJ3MU9hbDZzMGd2aXhvMU92U0hVbkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1BGUmFkMUJIdWViRTJ5bm9GN0dqUnRiMzg4cFprQjlYeWF4WGx2dWhWOGhacm5pUlFrZHR2d1lkV0JiT2w1" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "OBHQlqhUo78HE3hvO5tFZBIy60jEdfMKHkKzW9aS" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-the-difference-between-bingham-plastic-and-pseudoplastic" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]