Physical Description:
- Head and Body Length: 12.6-22 inches
- Tail Length: 15-22 inches
- Body Mass: 2.4-7.3 pounds
- Dental Formula: 2:1:3:3
- Brain Size: 79.2 grams (slightly larger brain/body ratio than other new world monkeys)
- Sexual Dimorphism: adult males tend to have larger head and body proportions than females
What is the dental formula of an Old World monkey?
All Old World monkeys, apes, and humans share this 2.1.2.3 dental formula. This not only sets us apart from New World monkeys and prosimians, but it also reflects the evolutionary closeness of the Old World anthropoid species. By comparison, the general placental mammal dental formula is 3.1.4.3.
What is the dental formula of a chimpanzee?
This results in a dental formula of 2.1.3.2 or 2.1.3.3 . In contrast, all of the catarrhines have 2 premolars and 3 molars, making a dental formula of 2.1.2.3 . The chimpanzee shown below is an Old World anthropoid species and, therefore, has a catarrhine dental formula. All Old World monkeys, apes, and humans share this 2.1.2.3 dental formula.
What is the scientific name for New World monkey?
New World monkey. New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Central and South America and Mexico: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea, the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini.
What is the difference between Old World monkeys and New World monkeys?
In addition to these differences, New World monkeys are almost exclusively arboreal and most of them are smaller than Old World monkey species. Some Old World monkeys and apes are semi-terrestrial .
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What dental formula do monkeys have?
2.1.2.3All Old World monkeys, apes, and humans share this 2.1.2.3 dental formula. This not only sets us apart from New World monkeys and prosimians, but it also reflects the evolutionary closeness of the Old World anthropoid species. By comparison, the general placental mammal dental formula is 3.1. 4.3.
What is the dental formula for New World monkeys quizlet?
dental formula (2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars. New world monkeys have a 2.1. 3.3./ 2.1.
How many teeth do New World monkeys have?
Like most species of monkey, New World monkeys usually have 32 or 36 teeth; eight incisors, four canines, 8-12 premolars, and 8-12 molars.
Which primate has a 2.1 3.3 dental formula?
tarsiersThe tarsier dental formula, 2.1. 3.3/1.1. 3.3, is unique among primates, but tarsier teeth resemble those of anthropoids in overall proportions, with large upper central incisors, small lower incisors, and large canines. The postcranial skeleton of tarsiers is striking in many of its proportions.
What does a dental formula of 2.1 2 indicate?
In each set, the first number indicates incisors, the second, canines, the third, premolars, and the last, molars. For example, the formula 2.1.2.3 for upper teeth indicates 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars on one side of the upper mouth. The human dental formula is: 2.1.2.3.
What is the human dental formula quizlet?
The human, OWM and ape dental formula of 2123 signifies: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars.
Do New World monkeys have more teeth?
All Old World monkeys have the same dental formula: I2/2; C1/1; P2/2; M3/3 = 32, which differs from that of New World monkeys. They have fewer teeth than cebid monkeys due to the absence of one pair of upper premolars and one pair of lower premolars.
How do you calculate dental formula?
Dental Formulae of Animals 2 x (3142 / 3143) = 42 teeth (6 incisors 2 canine 8 premolars and 4 molar) / (6 incisors 2 canine 8 premolars and 6 molar) = 42 teeth. 2 x (3131 / 3121) = 30 teeth (6 incisors 2 canine 6 premolars and 2 molar) / (6 incisors 2 canine 4 premolars and 2 molar) = 30 teeth.
Do Old World monkeys have Y-5 molars?
More specifically, the apes can be distinguished from Old World monkeys by the number of cusps on their molars: apes have five, the "Y-5" molar pattern, while Old World monkeys have only four in a "bilophodont" pattern.
How do teeth of Old World monkeys and apes differ?
How do the teeth of Old World monkeys and apes differ? Apes have a Y-5 pattern of cusps, whereas Old World monkeys have a bilophodont pattern. Old World monkeys have a 2/1/3/3 dental formula, whereas apes have 2/1/2/3. Apes have a tooth comb, but Old World monkeys do not.
What is the difference between Old World and New World monkeys?
Old World monkeys differ from New World monkeys in having downward-pointing nostrils (Figure 1) and only two pre-molars, while the presence of tails in nearly all forms differentiates them from apes.
Do Old World monkeys have Bilophodont molars?
It is suggested that the development of bilophodont molars might be an adaptation by Old World monkeys to seed predation. Given their large size relative to other arboreal frugivores, seed predation could provide a dietary niche for Old World monkeys.
How big are New World monkeys?
New World monkeys are small to mid-sized primates, ranging from the pygmy marmoset (the world's smallest monkey), at 14 to 16 cm (5.5 to 6.5 in) and a weight of 120 to 190 g (4.2 to 6.7 oz), to the southern muriqui, at 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in) and a weight of 12 to 15 kg (26 to 33 lb). New World monkeys differ slightly from Old World monkeys in several aspects. The most prominent phenotypic distinction is the nose, which is the feature used most commonly to distinguish between the two groups. The clade for the New World monkeys, Platyrrhini, means "flat nosed". The noses of New World monkeys are flatter than the narrow noses of the Old World monkeys, and have side-facing nostrils. New World monkeys are the only monkeys with prehensile tails —in comparison with the shorter, non-grasping tails of the anthropoids of the Old World.
What is the difference between a New World monkey and an Old World monkey?
New World monkeys differ slightly from Old World monkeys in several aspects. The most prominent phenotypic distinction is the nose, which is the feature used most commonly to distinguish between the two groups. The clade for the New World monkeys, Platyrrhini, means "flat nosed".
How many years ago was the woolly monkey?
In extant species, the 2n value varies from 16 in the titi monkey to 62 in the woolly monkey . A Bayesian estimate of the most recent common ancestor of the extant species has a 95% credible interval of 27 million years ago - 31 million years ago.
What are the closest relatives of the New World monkeys?
New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago.
Where are the New World monkeys found?
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea / sɛˈbɔɪdiːə /, the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini / plætɪˈraɪnaɪ /.
Do New World monkeys have trichromatic vision?
New World monkeys (except for the howler monkeys of genus Alouatta) also typically lack the trichromatic vision of Old World monkeys. Colour vision in New World primates relies on a single gene on the X-chromosome to produce pigments that absorb medium and long wavelength light, which contrasts with short wavelength light.
Do New World monkeys have a pair bond?
Unlike most Old World monkeys, many New World monkeys form monogamous pair bonds, and show substantial paternal care of young.
What is the dental formula for a placental mammal?
By comparison, the general placental mammal dental formula is 3.1.4.3. In addition to these differences, New World monkeys are almost exclusively arboreal and most of them are smaller than Old World monkey species. Some Old World monkeys and apes are semi-terrestrial .
What percentage of primates are monkeys?
Over 9 0 % of them are monkeys. The remaining species are apes and humans. The anthropoids have been the most successful primates in populating the earth. They are generally larger, more intelligent, and have more highly developed eyes than the prosimians.
How long have anthropoids been independent of each other?
There are two distinct Parv orders of anthropoids that have been evolving independent of each other for at least 30,000,000 years. They are the Platyrrhini ( New World monkeys) and the Catarrhini ( Old World monkeys, apes, and humans).
What are the incisors used for?
The incisors are used like scissors for nipping off pieces of food. The pointed canines are for piercing and tearing. The premolars (or bicuspids) and molars, with their multiple cusps , are used to grind and smash food. In platyrrhine species, there are 3 premolars and 2 or 3 molars.
How many incisors does a primate have?
Beginning at the front, each quadrant of the mouth has 2 incisors, 1 canine, and varying numbers of premolars and molars. The incisors are used like scissors for nipping off pieces of food.
Do monkeys have swollen skin?
In some species of Old World monkeys and apes, adult females have sexual skins or swellings , which are nearly hairless large swollen patches of skin around the genital area that become very prominent when they are in estrus .
Do monkeys have tails?
The y can even hang from their tails. None of the Old World monkeys or apes has this capability.
Overview
Characteristics
New World monkeys are small to mid-sized primates, ranging from the pygmy marmoset (the world's smallest monkey), at 14 to 16 cm (5.5 to 6.5 in) and a weight of 120 to 190 g (4.2 to 6.7 oz), to the southern muriqui, at 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in) and a weight of 12 to 15 kg (26 to 33 lb). New World monkeys differ slightly from Old World monkeys in several aspects. The most prominent phenotypic distinction is the nose, which is the feature used most commonly to distin…
Evolutionary history
About 40 million years ago, the Simiiformes infraorder split into the parvorders Platyrrhini (New World monkeys—in South America) and Catarrhini (apes and Old World monkeys—in Africa). The individuals whose descendants would become Platyrrhini are currently conjectured to have migrated to South America either on a raft of vegetation or via a land bridge. There are two possible rafting routes, either across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa or across the Caribbean from North Am…
Classification
The following is the listing of the various platyrrhine families, as defined by Ryland & Mittermeier (2009), and their position in the Order Primates:
• Order Primates
See also
• List of New World monkey species
• List of primates by population
Further reading
• Schneider, H. (2000). "The current status of the New World Monkey phylogeny". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 72 (2): 165–172. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652000000200005. PMID 10932115.
• Opazo, J. C.; et al. (2006). "Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 274–280. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.015. PMID 16698289.
External links
• "Primate Hunting Reaches Crisis Point in Latin America". Spiegel Online international. March 13, 2007.
• Geographic Distributions of Amazonian Primates – Tomas and Marc van Roosmalen, Pdf 3,2 Mb