Receiving Helpdesk

what is the calorimeter constant of a styrofoam cup

by Myrtice Friesen Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

Part of a video titled Calorimeter Constant - YouTube
2:44
12:39
And it's final temperature when it reached thermal equilibrium was 55 degrees.MoreAnd it's final temperature when it reached thermal equilibrium was 55 degrees.

Full Answer

What is the calorimeter constant of Styrofoam?

A styrofoam cup has a calorimeter constant of 9.8 cal / °C. (b) In the same calorimeter, a neutralization reaction was carried out wherein the m ass of the solution was 100. g with a specific heat of 1.03 cal / gm °C. Click to see full answer.

What is the specific heat of a styrofoam cup?

(1) Specific Heat Material (cal/g °C) (J/kg K) Styrofoam 0.27 1131 Air 0.240 1006 Water 1.000 4190 What is the calorimeter constant of a Styrofoam cup? A styrofoam cup has a calorimeter constant of 9.8 cal / °C.

Why does a metal calorimeter heat up faster than a styrofoam one?

Heat loss - As you note, metal conducts heat much more effectively than styrofoam. This means that the metal calorimeter will carry the heat of the reaction away from the reaction vessel to the outside world faster than styrofoam will. If that is the case, which reaction vessel will get hotter, styrofoam or metal?

What is the purpose of a styrofoam cup?

A styrofoam cup makes for a good adiabatic wall and helps keep all the heat released or absorbed by the reaction inside the cup so we can measure it. Popular Trending About Us

What is the heat capacity of a styrofoam cup calorimeter?

It is generally used to make food containers, coffee cups etc. The specific heat capacity of Styrofoam is calculated experimentally as 0.27calgm−1oC−1 or 1131Jkg−1K−1.

How do you find the calorimeter constant?

Subtract the energy gained by the cold water from the energy lost by the hot water. This will give you the amount of energy gained by the calorimeter. Divide the energy gained by the calorimeter by Tc (the temperature change of the cold water). This final answer is your calorimeter constant.

Is a styrofoam cup a perfect calorimeter?

Coffee Cup Calorimeter A Styrofoam™ cup is used because it is a good insulator. The cup will absorb (or supply) negligible amounts of heat during most General Chemistry experiments. Thus, any change in temperature is assumed to be due only to the reaction, and the heat transferred in the reaction may be calculated.

Is styrofoam cup a constant pressure or constant volume calorimeter?

A constant pressure calorimeter is also known as a coffee cup calorimeter. It is a very simple device; basically it can be made from two styrofoam cups, a stirrer and a thermometer.

How do you find the calorimeter constant in a coffee cup?

1:438:20Calculate Calorimeter Constant from the Lab - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipThe change in temperature of that cup. It was in thermal equilibrium with the cold water. So theMoreThe change in temperature of that cup. It was in thermal equilibrium with the cold water. So the initial final temperatures of the cold water those are the initial. And final temperatures.

How do you determine the calorimeter constant of a coffee cup calorimeter?

By comparing the amount of heat gained by the water inside the calorimeter with the amount of heat that the water inside the calorimeter should have gained, the amount of heat gained by the calorimeter can be found. With this, you can then find the calorimeter constant.

What is the Styrofoam calorimeter?

A coffee cup calorimeter is simply a styrofoam cup (or maybe one cup inside another) to provide insulation when materials are mixed inside of it. A styrofoam cover and a sensitive thermometer complete the apparatus.

What is a constant pressure calorimeter?

Constant-pressure calorimetry is used to measure the change in enthalpy, ΔH, for a physical or chemical process. In this technique, a process is carried out in solution in a coffee cup calorimeter, an inexpensive device composed of two Styrofoam cups.

Is coffee cup calorimeter constant volume?

A coffee cup calorimeter is a constant pressure calorimeter. As such, the heat that is measured in such a device is equivalent to the change in enthalpy. A coffee cup calorimeter is typically used for solution based chemistry and as such generally involves a reaction with little or no volume change.

What is a constant volume calorimeter?

Constant-volume calorimetry is used to measure the change in internal energy, ΔE, for a combustion reaction. In this technique, a sample is burned under constant volume in a device called a bomb calorimeter.

Why does styrofoam make a good calorimeter?

The role of the Styrofoam in a coffee cup calorimeter is that it reduces the amount of heat exchange between the water in the coffee cup and the surrounding air. The value of a lid on the coffee cup is that it also reduces the amount of heat exchange between the water and the surrounding air.

How do you make a calorimeter with a styrofoam cup?

0:262:56Setting up a Calorimeter - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipIn most cases you will add 100 milliliters of water to the foam. Cup. You will measure aMoreIn most cases you will add 100 milliliters of water to the foam. Cup. You will measure a predetermined amount of solid in a lot of cases it's about 5 grams and add it to the cup.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version1.92sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[07:52:55] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • Booting (11.15ms)
  • Application (1.91s)
  • 1 x Application (99.4%)
    1.91s
    1 x Booting (0.58%)
    11.15ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed1.89s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-13 07:52:55' and `slug` = 'what-is-the-calorimeter-constant-of-a-styrofoam-cup' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      1.38ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-13 07:52:55
      • 1. what-is-the-calorimeter-constant-of-a-styrofoam-cup
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 200692 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      3.88msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 200692
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      420μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      280μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      210μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      1.88s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 41298 limit 1
      1.35msview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 41298
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        SBQJNMrsjPLSOynMswIimN58iRrJdjpidd5OG6o8
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-the-calorimeter-constant-of-a-styrof...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-is-the-calorimeter-constant-of-a-styrofoam-cup
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjQ4UzV5aTJTNUIwajZidEdKQVBZZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWDZhTzRwYnZmbGxURWlLT2U5YjNiVjd5VGxwL0NtL1o5YlFLYzlzR3hDWUFpdDk4T1FlV0djT294b2VJZ08xaHdKZ2Fpb2JoMUx0OWxrOHozWXc4eTM2cmN5WVF5Tm9iQWhzNkVRVVBjVTMvVzBSVWk3RFN5dGdqY1g2VUl5aDAiLCJtYWMiOiJlMmFjYThmMGEzMzUxNWUxMTQxMTE4ZjUwMDY3ZDI5ZTVjMDZiZmQzYTFkNzhkMzJiNmY3YzM5ZGJjZmFjYmYzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlE0ZkhCOTJ3aFdQRmR4bVJ6bzVjbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNE8rRFVNZGdkM2lVL3M0elZVSGxrVFc4UjdEMk1VaXpwamkrWUVPNWk5WnBWQS93aHY5VVlkbUNvd2IvalRpUUFCTm9ZN0tVcWJhSk9oUUNUSE5zM2gzZE83QUQ3TS9wUStwTFlJdGFNanVjdS9sY1hWeHpiTVpUaUlFZWxVWkwiLCJtYWMiOiJjNGZjMTk5N2UyMzcxODdiNjg0ODNiMzlkODgzODlhYjAzODU2ZDhhODY0YjJkODU4NDU2YjMyYTQzOWI4YzNiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _pk_id.64.7c30=53c98bfdcc211109.1749781370.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjQ4UzV5aTJTNUIwajZidEdKQVBZZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWDZhTzRwYnZmbGxURWlLT2U5YjNiVjd5VGxwL0NtL1o5YlFLYzlzR3hDWUFpdDk4T1FlV0djT294b2VJZ08xaHdKZ2Fpb" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.217.7" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94ee1f7d290302a2-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.217.7, 172.70.179.122" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-is-the-calorimeter-constant-of-a-styrofoam-cup" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-is-the-calorimeter-constant-of-a-styrofoam-cup" "REMOTE_PORT" => "59060" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.70.179.122" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjQ4UzV5aTJTNUIwajZidEdKQVBZZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWDZhTzRwYnZmbGxURWlLT2U5YjNiVjd5VGxwL0NtL1o5YlFLYzlzR3hDWUFpdDk4T1FlV0djT294b2VJZ08xaHdKZ2Fpb2JoMUx0OWxrOHozWXc4eTM2cmN5WVF5Tm9iQWhzNkVRVVBjVTMvVzBSVWk3RFN5dGdqY1g2VUl5aDAiLCJtYWMiOiJlMmFjYThmMGEzMzUxNWUxMTQxMTE4ZjUwMDY3ZDI5ZTVjMDZiZmQzYTFkNzhkMzJiNmY3YzM5ZGJjZmFjYmYzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IlE0ZkhCOTJ3aFdQRmR4bVJ6bzVjbHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNE8rRFVNZGdkM2lVL3M0elZVSGxrVFc4UjdEMk1VaXpwamkrWUVPNWk5WnBWQS93aHY5VVlkbUNvd2IvalRpUUFCTm9ZN0tVcWJhSk9oUUNUSE5zM2gzZE83QUQ3TS9wUStwTFlJdGFNanVjdS9sY1hWeHpiTVpUaUlFZWxVWkwiLCJtYWMiOiJjNGZjMTk5N2UyMzcxODdiNjg0ODNiMzlkODgzODlhYjAzODU2ZDhhODY0YjJkODU4NDU2YjMyYTQzOWI4YzNiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; _pk_id.64.7c30=53c98bfdcc211109.1749781370.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjQ4UzV5aTJTNUIwajZidEdKQVBZZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWDZhTzRwYnZmbGxURWlLT2U5YjNiVjd5VGxwL0NtL1o5YlFLYzlzR3hDWUFpdDk4T1FlV0djT294b2VJZ08xaHdKZ2Fpb" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.217.7" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94ee1f7d290302a2-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.217.7, 172.70.179.122" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749781375.5603 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749781375 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "SBQJNMrsjPLSOynMswIimN58iRrJdjpidd5OG6o8" "askhelpdesk_session" => "r0VQNAR3knR9G0G0Maw7Ny4KZgg3BISKBBxNvZBO" "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 13 Jun 2025 02:22:55 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5wQVVQQ0dsaVMzb3A1b1RxNXUyZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUUttbnVsWFhrYjFNVkdab3l6TGZ0d2p2SU5NWnpYa0Q2aFJnNnJqeFZhTWQ2bzZtVHRlc0sxbVpkbjd4bkJ2TXc0dmJZT2RLckQzcmhVaEpPVmRjTzhvclorajFkVXZRb0hRdnkrQUl0eVBYeTFVdUJHMVNZWjd3STZEUzU3RUEiLCJtYWMiOiIwMTkzNTkxMTExZWEzNGQ4NGQ2Nzg5YTYyMDZlMzMzZDgwNjUzMzgzMGQ5NmM3ZWViOWE4YWExYjY0N2ZlYzUwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 04:22:57 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5wQVVQQ0dsaVMzb3A1b1RxNXUyZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUUttbnVsWFhrYjFNVkdab3l6TGZ0d2p2SU5NWnpYa0Q2aFJnNnJqeFZhTWQ2bzZtVHRlc0sxbVpkbjd4bkJ2TXc0dmJZT" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjBpZEVadVlVTVRkS1dnU29FdndYeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT1RsZnNiVUhNYUMrM2YwaHpXS1pnM0R1K20yRHNUblF3aFBUMS9ZWGgvQ0swcHh2SnVNOHhQbXFsbFpCaDZNd1k5cG1tNVhLdlhSajZDNXdBNjVKa3kzMGRaM2ZkZnZvQmh1emxMMCtRRTh3a004dkZLbmxQVjd6NG9hc1M1V2UiLCJtYWMiOiI2NjI5ZWM5YjEyY2YyYzg0YzViYmI3MDQzMjM1NTljYWJmYmIyZmQ5ODhjNjc0MjlhZGVmMzlmZjNmMWI2ODE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 04:22:57 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjBpZEVadVlVTVRkS1dnU29FdndYeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT1RsZnNiVUhNYUMrM2YwaHpXS1pnM0R1K20yRHNUblF3aFBUMS9ZWGgvQ0swcHh2SnVNOHhQbXFsbFpCaDZN" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5wQVVQQ0dsaVMzb3A1b1RxNXUyZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUUttbnVsWFhrYjFNVkdab3l6TGZ0d2p2SU5NWnpYa0Q2aFJnNnJqeFZhTWQ2bzZtVHRlc0sxbVpkbjd4bkJ2TXc0dmJZT2RLckQzcmhVaEpPVmRjTzhvclorajFkVXZRb0hRdnkrQUl0eVBYeTFVdUJHMVNZWjd3STZEUzU3RUEiLCJtYWMiOiIwMTkzNTkxMTExZWEzNGQ4NGQ2Nzg5YTYyMDZlMzMzZDgwNjUzMzgzMGQ5NmM3ZWViOWE4YWExYjY0N2ZlYzUwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 04:22:57 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im5wQVVQQ0dsaVMzb3A1b1RxNXUyZWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUUttbnVsWFhrYjFNVkdab3l6TGZ0d2p2SU5NWnpYa0Q2aFJnNnJqeFZhTWQ2bzZtVHRlc0sxbVpkbjd4bkJ2TXc0dmJZT" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjBpZEVadVlVTVRkS1dnU29FdndYeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT1RsZnNiVUhNYUMrM2YwaHpXS1pnM0R1K20yRHNUblF3aFBUMS9ZWGgvQ0swcHh2SnVNOHhQbXFsbFpCaDZNd1k5cG1tNVhLdlhSajZDNXdBNjVKa3kzMGRaM2ZkZnZvQmh1emxMMCtRRTh3a004dkZLbmxQVjd6NG9hc1M1V2UiLCJtYWMiOiI2NjI5ZWM5YjEyY2YyYzg0YzViYmI3MDQzMjM1NTljYWJmYmIyZmQ5ODhjNjc0MjlhZGVmMzlmZjNmMWI2ODE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 13-Jun-2025 04:22:57 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IjBpZEVadVlVTVRkS1dnU29FdndYeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT1RsZnNiVUhNYUMrM2YwaHpXS1pnM0R1K20yRHNUblF3aFBUMS9ZWGgvQ0swcHh2SnVNOHhQbXFsbFpCaDZN" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "SBQJNMrsjPLSOynMswIimN58iRrJdjpidd5OG6o8" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-the-calorimeter-constant-of-a-styrofoam-cup" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]