Fast mapping. In cognitive psychology, fast mapping is the term used for the hypothesized mental process whereby a new concept is learned (or a new hypothesis formed) based only on minimal exposure to a given unit of information (e.g., one exposure to a word in an informative context where its referent is present). Click to see full answer.
What is fast mapping and who is behind it?
Natalie is a teacher and holds an MA in English Education and is in progress on her PhD in psychology. The essence of quick-learning, Fast Mapping, is the idea of children acquiring a new word after just one exposure.
What is fast mapping in early childhood education?
If that word is new, or unknown, the kid’s mind catches it fast, as compared to other known words heard. The kid has heard the word only once, but within a day or two, he uses that word in reference to that object. The parents feel amazed, but this is an example of fast mapping.
Is fast mapping a specified mechanism for word learning?
This suggests that fast mapping is a specified mechanism for word learning. The process was first formally articulated and the term 'fast mapping' coined Susan Carey and Elsa Bartlett in 1978.
Does fast mapping reduce retention of words?
This removal appeared to result in a low retention of words over time. This is a possible explanation for why previous studies showed high retention of words learned by fast mapping. : 46 Some researchers are concerned that experiments testing for fast mapping are produced in artificial settings.
What is fast mapping in psychology?
the ability of young children to learn new words quickly on the basis of only one or two exposures to these words. See also Quinian bootstrapping. [ coined in 1978 by U.S. developmental psychologist Susan E. Carey (1942– ) and Elsa Bartlett]
What is fast mapping in word learning?
The process of rapidly learning a new word by contrasting it with a familiar word.
What is fast mapping in reading?
Fast mapping is a rapid process by which children hear a word and connect it with a general understanding of the concept (Carey & Bartlett, 1978). This often occurs when talking to a child about their immediate environment and labeling the objects in this environment.
What is fast mapping in child development example?
An example of fast mapping occurs when a child uses a familiar word to figure out an unfamiliar word. If someone shows a child a picture of a dog and a picture of a platypus, and then they are asked to point to the platypus, they should know what it is simply by knowing what the dog is.
What is fast mapping in preschool?
"Fast mapping" (Carey & Bartlett, 1978) is a hypothesized process enabling children to rapidly create lexical representations for the unfamiliar words they encounter. In this study, 35 normal preschool children, ages 2:1–5:11 (years:months), were exposed to a monosyllabic nonsense word and its novel object referent.
What is fast mapping quizlet?
FAST MAPPING. THE HYPOTHETICAL PROCESS IN WHICH CHILDREN FORM INITIAL ASSOCIATIONS WHEN FIRST EXPOSED TO A WORD (FIRST IMPRESSION OF WHAT A WORD MEANS)
How does fast mapping help children learn new words?
Children may be able to gain at least partial information about the meaning of a word from how it is used in a sentence, what words it is contrasted with, as well as other factors. This strategy, known as fast mapping, may allow the child to quickly hypothesize about the meaning of a word.
How does fast mapping aid the language explosion?
Fast-mapping aids the language explosion by making fast vocabulary acquisition. Children hear a word once and promptly place it into a category in their psychological language grid instead of attempting to figure out the precise meaning of a word.
What is the first step in fast mapping for VPK?
Fast mapping is a two-step process. First, the child establishes a referent. So, you look at a referent and in this example, we'll use a dog. So, the dog is the referent and the child establishes a definition for a dog.
At what age does fast mapping start?
two years of age1 Fast Mapping One interesting ability children as young as two years of age show is that of correctly and immediately mapping a novel word to a novel object in the presence of other familiar objects. The term “fast mapping” was first used by Carey and Bartlett (1978) to refer to this phenomenon.
Which of the following is true concerning fast mapping?
Which of the following are true about fast mapping? It explains children's ability to quickly learn the connection between a word and its referent. It allows children to learn word meanings in a deeper sense.
What is fast mapping and how does overextension and Underextension affect it?
What is meant by naming explosion, fast-mapping, underextension, and overextension is that basically naming explosion - at about 18 months, children learn new words - particularly names of objects - much more rapidly than before, fast-mapping - children's ability to connect new words to their meanings so rapidly that ...
Why is fast mapping bad?
It can really get you in trouble because saying a bad word just once can lead to the child repeating that word, often at the most inopportune moment! Fast mapping is the idea that children can learn a word based on a single exposure. They are 'fast' at picking the word up and figuring out how to use it.
What is extended mapping?
That's where extended mapping comes in. Extended mapping is the idea that children learn language based on a more extensive, drawn-out process. Let's go back to the mind's storage facility for a moment. Fast mapping is just what it says: it's fast.
Is fast mapping accurate?
Fast mapping is fast, but not always completely accurate, so it is complemented by extended mapping, whereby children refine their knowledge of a vocabulary word through repeated exposures to the word. Learning Outcome.
What is fast mapping?
In cognitive psychology, fast mapping is the term used for the hypothesized mental process whereby a new concept is learned (or a new hypothesis formed) based only on minimal exposure to a given unit of information ( e.g., one exposure to a word in an informative context where its referent is present). Fast mapping is thought by some researchers to be particularly important during language acquisition in young children, and may serve (at least in part) to explain the prodigious rate at which children gain vocabulary. In order to successfully use the fast mapping process, a child must possess the ability to use "referent selection" and "referent retention" of a novel word. There is evidence that this can be done by children as young as two years old, even with the constraints of minimal time and several distractors. Previous research in fast mapping has also shown that children are able to retain a newly learned word for a substantial amount of time after they are subjected to the word for the first time (Carey and Bartlett, 1978). Further research by Markson and Bloom (1997), showed that children can remember a novel word a week after it was presented to them even with only one exposure to the novel word. While children have also displayed the ability to have equal recall for other types of information, such as novel facts, their ability to extend the information seems to be unique to novel words. This suggests that fast mapping is a specified mechanism for word learning. The process was first formally articulated and the term 'fast mapping' coined Susan Carey and Elsa Bartlett in 1978.
Why is fast mapping important?
Fast mapping is thought by some researchers to be particularly important during language acquisition in young children, and may serve (at least in part) to explain the prodigious rate at which children gain vocabulary.
How does fast mapping affect aphasia?
Fast mapping in individuals with aphasia has gained research attention due to its effect on speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Research done by Blumstein makes an important distinction between those with Broca's aphasia, who are limited in physical speech, as compared to those with Wernicke's aphasia, who cannot link words with meaning. In Broca's aphasia, Blumstein found that whereas individuals with Wernicke's aphasia performed at the same level as the normal control group, those with Broca's aphasia showed slower reaction times for word presentations after reduced voice onset time stimuli. In short, when stimuli were acoustically altered, individuals with Broca's aphasia experienced difficulty recognizing the novel stimuli upon second presentation. Bloomstein's findings reinforce the crucial difference between one's ability to retain novel stimuli versus the ability to express novel stimuli. Because individuals with Wernicke's aphasia are only limited in their understanding of semantic meaning, it makes sense that the participant's novel stimulus recall would not be affected. On the other hand, those with Broca's aphasia lack the ability to produce speech, in effect hindering their ability to recall novel stimuli. Although individuals with Broca's aphasia are limited in their speech production, it is not clear whether they simply cannot formulate the physical speech or if they actually did not process the stimuli.
How old do you have to be to use the fast mapping process?
There is evidence that this can be done by children as young as two years old, even with the constraints of minimal time and several distractors.
When learning novel words, it is believed that early exposure to multiple linguistic systems facilitates the acquisition of new words later
When learning novel words, it is believed that early exposure to multiple linguistic systems facilitates the acquisition of new words later in life. This effect was referred to by Kaushanskaya and Marian (2009) as the bilingual advantage. That being said, a bilingual individual's ability to fast map can vary greatly throughout their life.
Can dogs do fast mapping?
It appears that fast mapping is not only limited to humans, but can occur in dogs as well. The first example of fast mapping in dogs was published in 2004. In it, a dog named Rico was able to learn the labels of over 200 various items. He was also able to identify novel objects simply by exclusion learning.
Do children learn words through fast mapping?
Evidence against. Today, there is evidence to suggest that children do not learn words through 'fast mapping' but rather learn probabilistic, predictive relationships between objects and sounds that develop over time. Evidence for this comes, for example, from children's struggles to understand color words: although infants can distinguish between ...
What is Fast Mapping?
Fast mapping refers to the ability of children to learn new words very quickly and easily around age two. Children can pick up words and phrases with very little exposure to them because they are constantly absorbing all of the world around them.
Extended Mapping
Fast mapping is when children learn new words very quickly. However, there are many words that take longer to learn because of a lack of context. This is where we arrive at the idea of extended mapping. Extended mapping is the concept that a child learns words a bit more slowly through a slightly more complicated process.
Overview
In cognitive psychology, fast mapping is the term used for the hypothesized mental process whereby a new concept is learned (or a new hypothesis formed) based only on minimal exposure to a given unit of information (e.g., one exposure to a word in an informative context where its referent is present). Fast mapping is thought by some researchers to be particularly important during language acquisition in young children, and may serve (at least in part) to explain the prodi…
Evidence against
Today, there is evidence to suggest that children do not learn words through 'fast mapping' but rather learn probabilistic, predictive relationships between objects and sounds that develop over time. Evidence for this comes, for example, from children's struggles to understand color words: although infants can distinguish between basic color categories, many sighted children use color words in the same way that blind children do up until the fourth year. Typically, words such as "bl…
Cross-situational learning versus propose but verify
The next question in fast mapping theory is how exactly is the meaning of the novel word learned? An experiment performed in October 2012 by the Department of Psychology by University of Pennsylvania, researchers attempted to determine if fast mapping occurs via cross-situational learning or by another method, "Propose but verify". In cross-situational learning, listeners hear a novel word and store multiple conjectures of what the word could mean based on its situational …
Variables affecting an individual's fast mapping ability
When learning novel words, it is believed that early exposure to multiple linguistic systems facilitates the acquisition of new words later in life. This effect was referred to by Kaushanskaya and Marian (2009) as the bilingual advantage. That being said, a bilingual individual's ability to fast map can vary greatly throughout their life.
During the language acquisition process, a child may require a greater amount of time to determ…
Evidence of fast mapping in other animals
It appears that fast mapping is not only limited to humans, but can occur in dogs as well.
The first example of fast mapping in dogs was published in 2004. In it, a dog named Rico was able to learn the labels of over 200 various items. He was also able to identify novel objects simply by exclusion learning. Exclusion learning occurs when one learns the name of a novel object because one is already familiar with the names of other objects belonging to the same gr…
In the deaf population
A study by Lederberg et al., was performed to determine if deaf and hard of hearing children fast map to learn novel words. In the study, when the novel word was introduced, the word was both spoken and signed. Then the children were asked to identify the referent object and even extend the novel word to identify a similar object. The results of the study indicated that deaf and hard of hearing children do perform fast mapping to learn novel words. However, compared to children …
In individuals with ADHD
An experiment was performed to assess fast mapping in adults with typical language abilities, disorders of spoken/written language (hDSWL), and adults with hDSWL and ADHD. The conclusion draws from the experiment revealed that adults with ADHD were the least accurate at "mapping semantic features and slower to respond to lexical labels." The article reasoned that the tasks of fast mapping requires high attentional demand and so "a lapse in attention could lead t…
In individuals with language deficits
Fast mapping in individuals with aphasia has gained research attention due to its effect on speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Research done by Blumstein makes an important distinction between those with Broca's aphasia, who are limited in physical speech, as compared to those with Wernicke's aphasia, who cannot link words with meaning. In Broca's aphasia, Blumstein found that whereas individuals with Wernicke's aphasia performed at the same level a…