Full Answer
What is R134a refrigerant used for?
R134a is a low pressure refrigerant, very efficient for high temperature applications. This makes it ideal in air conditioning applications that may leak refrigerant like car air conditioning. Now it is being phased out because of its high global warming potential and replaced by R1234ry.
What is R-12 refrigerant?
The introduction of R-12 showed the world that a refrigerant was possible that was safe, economical, and easily adapted to various applications. In just a few decades R-12 and R-22 were found in nearly every home and business across the world.
What is R23 refrigerant used for?
R23 is a HFC, used as a replacement for R13 and R503 in very low temperature refrigeration. R23 is most commonly used in cascade systems at an evaporating temperature of -60oC to -100oC and at a condensing temperature of approximately -10oC to -40oC.
What is R-13 insulation?
The R-13 insulation is well-known for its appropriateness for exactly proportioned modern framing with minimal plumbing and electrical impediments.
What is R13 gas?
R13. CClF3. CFC. chloro-trifluoro-methane.
Can you still get R12 freon?
It is illegal to manufacture new R12, but it is not illegal to sell or use R12. And many of the cylinders and cans of Freon R-12 sold for decades throughout the United States are still around.
What is R12 freon used for?
Refrigerant R12 is used in domestic refrigerators and freezers, liquid chillers, dehumidifiers, ice makers, water coolers, water fountains and transport refrigeration. The wide range of applications of the refrigerant are due to its safe properties.
What type of refrigerant is R12?
chlorofluorocarbon halomethaneDichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) is a colorless gas usually sold under the brand name Freon-12, and a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane (CFC) used as a refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant.
What happens if you put R134a in a R12 system?
R134a systems work at higher discharge-side pressures than R12 systems, which could lead to compressor seals leaks. Additionally, since R134a is composed of much smaller molecules, it has a greater chance of leaking from an R12 system.
Which is better R12 or R134a?
Understand that R12 has its advantages. R12 can blow 6 to 7 degrees cooler than R134a and is 15% more efficient. R134a systems require larger condensers and higher operating pressures than R12 systems because R134a doesn't have as high of a heat transfer rate as R12 (which has a heavier molecular size than R134a).
Is R12 better than R22?
R12 and R22 are two refrigerating agents for air conditioning units. R12 was once used in many air conditioning units as a refrigerant or cooling agent. However, it was found to be a very bad gas for the environment. But R22 is almost equally damaging.
What replaces R12 Freon?
R134aThere are three replacement refrigerant options for R12 systems: R134a, R401a, R401b. R134a is regarded, by manufacturers and adherents to the Montreal Protocols alike, as the best replacement refrigerant.
When was R12 refrigerant phased out?
All CFCs, including CFC-11 and R-12, were phased out of production on Jan. 1, 1996, and no longer are available for new equipment. Replacement CFC refrigerants are available only from stockpiles accumulated before the above date or if recovered from existing equipment.
Can you convert R12 to R134a?
However, you might not know how to convert your car's AC R12 system to R134a. You must first discard the old R12 refrigerant properly and fit the air conditioning system with compatible ports and equipment. Only then will you be able to pump up the system with the R134a refrigerant and ensure your system is compliant.
What happens if you put the wrong refrigerant in your car?
You cannot mix refrigerant types, and putting the wrong refrigerant in your car will cause damage to the air conditioning system! If you're not sure which kind of refrigerant your vehicle takes, DIY A/C charging may not be for you.
Why was R12 phased out?
It has unusually high potential to cause the depletion of the ozone layer in the upper layers of the atmosphere that causes the greenhouse effect. Due to this, as per the Montreal Protocol, R12 has to be phased out completely by the year 2021.
What is a low temperature refrigeration system?
The traditional cascade system has a low temperature stage which uses the lower boiling point gas, such as R-13, R-503, R-23, or R-508B, and a high stage which typically uses R-12, R-22, R-502, R-134a, or R-404A. The high stage evaporator provides the correct condensation temperature for the low stage so that compressors in both stages can run at "normal" pressures.
What gas is used in cascade?
The traditional cascade system has a low temperature stage which uses the lower boiling point gas, such as R-13, R-503, R-23, or R-508B, and a high stage which typically uses R-12, R-22, R-502, R-134a, or R-404A.
How Thick is R-13 Insulation and What is R-13 Insulation Used For?
According to Energy.gov, R-13 insulation is 3 5/8 inches thick. If you are living in the southern area of the U.S, it is considered good to prevent the heat since it is mostly semi-arid climates. Even though the R-13 insulation is somewhat thin in terms of soundproofing, it is nevertheless regarded as decent soundproof insulation.
R-13 Insulation Temperature Rating
Despite the fact that R-13 insulation materials have the same thermal resistance ratings, their qualities might vary greatly because they perform differently when subjected to high humidity levels or high temperatures. As mentioned before, R-13 insulation could be the best fit for the southern area of The United States residents.
What is R134A refrigerant?
Under normal instances, R134a refrigerant is a non-flammable, non-toxic, and non-corrosive substance. I
What is R290 used for?
R290 is used in newer refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It is used in commercial and industrial refrigeration, Commercial and industrial air conditioning, and even domestic air conditioning. It has excellent thermodynamic properties, which results in high energy efficiency.
What happens when refrigerant is exposed to high temperature?
Normally when refrigerants are exposed to high temperature, it decomposes and emits toxic and decomposing fumes. Depending on the flammability of the refrigerant burnt, there may also be a fire or an explosion if the amount burnt is high. Increasing pressure affects this and makes the refrigerants more flammable and explosive.
Why is R600A used?
R600A is becoming a refrigerant of choice due to its low global warming potential. It is used mostly in domestic and commercial refrigeration. As a vast amount of people are using refrigeration devices, a low environment-affecting refrigerant like R600A is being promoted for use.
What are the most important components needed for modern day refrigeration?
What am I talking about? Refrigerants . One of the most crucial components needed for modern-day refrigeration. We are surrounded by devices like refrigerators , water coolers, air conditioners. So, we know that these refrigerants are all around us.
What is R-407C?
R-407C is a mixture of hydrocarbons which includes a blend of pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
Is a refrigerant flammable?
The answer depends on what exact refrigerants you are using. It can be totally non-combustible or highly flammable. Read this article to find out more about refrigerants.
What are the properties of refrigerant?
The table is sortable by each of the following refrigerant properties (scroll right or reduce magnification to view more properties): 1 Type/Prefix (see legends) 2 ASHRAE number 3 IUPAC chemical name 4 molecular formula 5 CAS registry number / Blend Name 6 Atmospheric Lifetime in years 7 Semi-Empirical Ozone depletion potential 8 net Global warming potential over a 100-year time horizon 9 Occupational exposure limit / Permissible exposure limit in parts per million (volume per volume) over a time-weighted average (TWA) concentration for a normal eight-hour work day and a 40-hour work week 10 ASHRAE 34 Safety Group in Toxicity & Flammability (in Air @ 60 °C & 101.3 kPa) classing (see legends) 11 Refrigerant Concentration Limit / Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health in parts per million (volume per volume) & grams per cubic meter 12 Molecular mass in Atomic mass units 13 Normal Boiling Point (or Bubble & Dew Points for the Zeotrope (400)-series) (or Normal Boiling Point & Azeotropic Temperature for the Azeotrope (500)-series) at 101,325 Pa (1 atmosphere) in degrees Celsius 14 Critical temperature in degrees Celsius 15 Critical pressure (absolute) in kiloPascals
How many refrigerant blends are there?
Since over 100,000 refrigerant blends are possible, this list should only have notable refrigerants and refrigerant blends.
What does HOC mean in refrigeration?
HOC = Heat Of Combustion. Compounds used as refrigerants may be described using either the appropriate prefix above or with the prefixes "R-" or "Refrigerant.". Thus, CFC-12 may also be written as R-12 or Refrigerant 12. An alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated compound containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
What is the R-12 refrigerant?
R-12 Refrigerant is the original Refrigerant. At one point in time it was used for everything including home air conditioning units, automobiles, and refrigerators. It was invented by a partnership of DuPont and General Motors back in the 1920s and was being used as the primary type of Refrigerant for home units until the 1950s. In the 1950s the newer R-22 Refrigerant took over the home and refrigerator market. R-22 was easier on the compressors and didn’t’ require as big of pipes to flow through.
When did the EPA mandate the use of R-12 refrigerant?
In 1994 the Environmental Protection Agency mandated that all new vehicles use R-134A Refrigerant rather than the R-12 Refrigerant that was used for over seventy years. The EPA mandated this change due to the Chlorine found in the R-12 Refrigerant.
What was the R-22 in the 1950s?
In the 1950s the newer R-22 Refrigerant took over the home and refrigerator market. R-22 was easier on the compressors and didn’t’ require as big of pipes to flow through. Even though R-12 lost the home market it was still THE Refrigerant to use in automobiles.
Is R-12 a dinosaur?
All in all R-12 is the dinosaur of Refrigerant. It’s going to be completely extinct here in the next ten to twenty years. But, it did serve a purpose as it was the first Refrigerant and provided cooling for the world for nearly a century. If you have any questions on Refrigerant please contact me.
Is R-12 a regulated refrigerant?
This allows you to use the common and less expensive R-134A Refrigerant and it also keeps you in compliance with EPA regulations. R-12 is strictly regulated by the government and if you were to accidentally vent some of the R-12 Refrigerant into the atmosphere you could face very hefty fines. All in all R-12 is the dinosaur of Refrigerant.
What refrigerant was used in the 1900s?
R-12 Refrigerant History. In the early 1900’s the world was looking for a solution for refrigeration and air conditioning. There had been numerous experiments and trials on differing refrigerants ranging from Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, Propane, Sulfur Dioxide, and Methyl Chloride.
What is the boiling point of R-12?
R-12 has a relatively low boiling point at only -29.8° Celsius or -21.64° Fahrenheit. If you compare this to some of the other refrigerants out there such as R-22 (-40.7° C), R-744 (-78.0° C), or R-410A (-48.5° C).
What was the first target of the R-12 treaty?
This treaty was enacted in countries all over the world. The first target was CFC refrigerants such as R-12. In 1992 R-12 was phased out of the automotive market in the United States and was replaced with the newer HFC refrigerant known as R-134a.
What two companies were involved in the invention of the first refrigerant?
It was in the 1930’s that a partnership was formed between two companies: General Motors and DuPont. This partnership organized by Charles Kettering of General Motors was geared towards solving this problem. Over the new few years Thomas Midgley Jr, along with a few other team members, pushed forward with the invention of ChloroFluroCarbons (CFCs) and HydroChloroFluroCarbons (HCFCs). Out of these inventions two primary refrigerants came: R-12 and R-22. The introduction of R-12 showed the world that a refrigerant was possible that was safe, economical, and easily adapted to various applications.
What is the mother of all refrigerants?
I mentioned at the beginning of this article that R-12 is the ‘mother’ of all refrigerants. This is because R-12 was the very first mainstream refrigerant that saw usage and development around the world. Before the arrival of R-12 there was a mish-mash of natural refrigerants being used with hit and miss results. Either the refrigerant being used was toxic like R-717 (Ammonia), the refrigerant operated at too high of a pressure like R-744 (Carbon Dioxide), the refrigerant had a high flammability rating like R-290 (Propane), or the refrigerant was just too expensive for widespread usage. The invention of R-12 provided an answer to the price question as well as the safety question. Because of this, it’s usage exploded. I won’t get into all of the details here, but will save the more in-depth discussion about R-12 ’s history in our next section.
When did R-502 go out?
The next refrigerant to go was the CFC refrigerant known as R-502 in the mid 1990’s. As time went by there were other CFC and HCFC refrigerants phased out but the big change didn’t happen until 2010. In today’s world R-12 is a very rare occurrence. Most machines and systems that were using it have since been retired.
When did the R-12 end?
The end of R-12’s reign began in the 1980’s and went into the early 1990’s. I mentioned the Ozone layer problem above. Well, all of this started in the early 1980’s and came to it’s conclusion in the early 1990’s when the last step of phasing out R-12 began. This last step was in automotive applications.
