What equals twice the difference of P and Q?
u separated into 4 equal parts u 4 or u ÷4 5 parts per 100 parts 5 100 Power The square of y y2 The cube of k k3 t raised to the fourth power t4 Equals Is equal to, the same as, is, are, the result of, will be, are, yields = x is equal to y x = y p is the same as q p = q Multiplication by 2 Two, two times, twice, twice as much as, double 2 Twice z 2z
What is the sum or difference of P and Q?
The difference (use minus symbol) of triple a number and 5 should be written as 3y - 5. Example 3: The sum of the quotient of m and 2 , and the product of 4 and n . Answer: In this case, the unknown numbers are already provided as m and n .
What is the best q?
Q# is a Microsoft’s open-source programming language for developing and running quantum algorithms. It’s part of the Quantum Development Kit (QDK), which offers a set of tools that will assist you in the quantum software development process. The QDK includes quantum libraries that let you create complex quantum operations, and quantum ...
What is if p then Q?
This proposition has the basic form: “If p, then q.” Any proposition that has that form (“if p, then q”) is called a “hypothetical proposition.” This is because it’s not asserting either p or q; it is merely stating that if p hypothetically were true, then q would have to be true as well.
What is the formula of total revenue?
The formula to know your business' revenue is to multiply the total amount of products or services sold by the price of those products or services.
What is the formula for calculating marginal revenue?
To calculate the marginal revenue, a company divides the change in its total revenue by the change of its total output quantity. Marginal revenue is equal to the selling price of a single additional item that was sold. Below is the marginal revenue formula: Marginal Revenue = Change in Revenue / Change in Quantity.
What is marginal revenue equal to?
A company calculates marginal revenue by dividing the change in total revenue by the change in total output quantity. Therefore, the sale price of a single additional item sold equals marginal revenue.
How do you calculate total revenue elasticity?
The key consideration when thinking about maximizing revenue is the price elasticity of demand. Total revenue is the price of an item multiplied by the number of units sold: TR = P x Qd.
How do you calculate marginal revenue and marginal cost?
To calculate marginal revenue, you take the total change in revenue and then divide that by the change in the number of units sold. The marginal revenue formula is: marginal revenue = change in total revenue/change in output.
How do you find total revenue and marginal revenue?
To calculate marginal revenue, divide the change in total revenue by the change in the quantity sold. Therefore, the marginal revenue is the slope of the total revenue curve. Use the total revenue to calculate marginal revenue.
How is economic profit calculated?
Economic Profit = Total Revenues - (Explicit Costs + Implicit Costs)
What is the relationship between elasticity and revenue?
(1) If the demand price is elastic, with an increase in price, there is a large fall in sales so that the total revenue decreases. On the other hand, if the price falls, the sales increase so much that the total revenue rises.
How are elasticity and total revenue related?
If demand for a good is elastic (the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1), an increase in price reduces total revenue. In this case, the quantity effect is stronger than the price effect. demand is less than 1), a higher price increases total revenue.
How do you calculate income elasticity of demand?
The formula for calculating income elasticity of demand is the percent change in quantity demanded divided by the percent change in income. Businesses use the measure to help predict the impact of a business cycle on sales.
What does P and Q mean?
According to the The English Dialect Dictionary, p and q means “ prime quality ”—but that explanation doesn’t quite account for the “and” that separates them, and so is probably another later invention. One unlikely idea is that they stand for penta and quinque, the Greek and Latin words for “five,” which would make the original p’s and q’s a classicist’s reminder that Greek and Latin word roots should never mix. Much more likely is that p and q stands for “pints and quarts,” in which case the phrase might originally have referred to a landlord totting up a customer’s tab, or to a drinker being told to mind how much they’re putting away. Or, given that there are four pints in a quart, perhaps the original implication was something along the lines of “take care of the little things, and the big things will look after themselves.”
Where did the P and Q come from?
The earliest record we have of someone’s p’s and q’s comes from a snappily-titled Jacobean stage play called Satiromastix, or The Untrussing of the Humorous Poet written by the English playwright Thomas Dekker in 1601. The line in question reads, “Now thou art in thy Pee and Kue, thou hast such a villanous broad backe.”.
Why do children mix up their p's and q's?
This is the explanation Merriam-Webster sign up to: children being taught to read and write commonly mix up their lowercase p’s and lowercase q’s, so telling them to “mind their p’s and q’s” means telling them to be extra careful, so as not to make a mistake. Similarly, another theory suggests that the original p’s and q’s might have been the individual pieces of moveable type used back in the early days of printing, when typesetters (who would be working with the letters back to front) might easily mistake a lowercase p for a lowercase q and ruin an entire page of printed text.
What does "Pee and Kue" mean?
Both Dekker’s unusual spellings ( pee and kue) and his equally unusual phrasing (“in your p’s and q’s”) has led to suggestions that the original p’s and q’s might have been items of clothing—namely, a sailor’s pea-coat or pea-jacket (a kind of thick, loose-fitting overcoat) and a queue or queue-peruke (a long plait of hair that was once a popular fashion accessory among high-ranking naval officers). But how does a sailor’s pea-coat and a naval officer’s wig give us a phrase meaning “mind your manners”? That’s a good question, and it’s not one that can be sufficiently answered—unless, of course, we’ve only got things half right…
What does "mind your p's" mean?
Probably the most widely held explanation also happens to be the most straightforward: “p’s” sounds a bit like “please,” “q’s” sounds a bit like “thank yous,” so to mind your p’s and q’s ultimately means “to mind your good manners.” It’s a neat idea, but it’s not a particularly reliable one. Unfortunately, there just isn’t enough textual evidence to support it, which suggests this is probably a relatively recent bit of folk etymology, based on the modern interpretation of the phrase p’s and q’s. So if this isn’t right, what is?
When did queue hairpieces come into fashion?
There’s no record of pieds and queues in any other context in English, and queue hairpieces really didn’t come into fashion in England until the early 18th century —that’s more than 100 years after Dekker’s play. Speaking of which….
Is the pints and quarts theory plausible?
The “pints and quarts” theory is plausible, but even the OED admits that it can “neither be substantiated nor dismissed.” Perhaps the most likely solution, then, is one of the simplest.
What is a Q value?
Q-values are the name given to the adjusted p-values found using an optimised FDR approach. The FDR approach is optimised by using characteristics of the p-value distribution to produce a list of q-values. In what follows, I will tie up some ideas and hopefully this will help clarify what we have been saying about p and q values.
How to interpret q-values?
To interpret the q-values, you need to look at the ordered list of q-values. There are 3516 compounds in this experiment. If we take unknown compound 1723 as an example, we see that it has a p-value of 0.0101 and a q-value of 0.0172. Recall that a p-value of 0.0101 implies a 1.01% chance of false positives, and so with 3516 compounds, we expect about 36 false positives, i.e. 3516 × 0.0101 = 35.51. In this experiment, there are 800 compounds with a value of 0.0101 or less, and so 36 of these will be false positives.
What does a p-value of 0.05 mean?
Another way to look at the difference is that a p-value of 0.05 implies that 5% of all tests will result in false positives. An FDR adjusted p-value (or q-value) of 0.05 implies that 5% of significant tests will result in false positives. The latter will result in fewer false positives.
What does a small p-value mean?
Therefore, a small p-value indicates that there is a small chance of getting this data if no real difference existed and therefore you decide that the difference in group abundance data is significant.
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What is the first question in the set of hypotheses?
As far as I can see, the first question concerns the inference from a certain set of hypotheses to the conclusion -p. The set of hypotheses consists of the two formulas p --> (q & r) and -q.
Is there a Q to P part?
There is no "-q to -p" part, if you mean that's supposed to be a unit of the inference up for assessment. It doesn't chunk up like that!
False Positives
The Multiple Testing Problem
- When we set a p-value threshold of, for example, 0.05, we are saying that there is a 5% chance that the result is a false positive. In other words, although we have found a statistically significant result, there is, in reality, no difference in the group means. While 5% is acceptable for one test, if we do lots of tests on the data, then this 5% can result in a large number of false positives. For e…
Multiple Testing and The False Discovery Rate
- While there are a number of approaches to overcoming the problems due to multiple testing, they all attempt to assign an adjusted p-value to each test or reduce the p-value threshold from 5% to a more reasonable value. Many traditional techniques such as the Bonferroni correction are too conservative in the sense that while they reduce the number of false positives, they also reduce t…
Q-Values
- Q-values are the name given to the adjusted p-values found using an optimised FDR approach. The FDR approach is optimised by using characteristics of the p-value distribution to produce a list of q-values. In what follows, I will tie up some ideas and hopefully this will help clarify what we have been saying about p and q values. It is usual to tes...