The mass diagram is a plot of horizontal distance along a project against the algebraic sum of the accumulated earthwork along the project. Excess cut or excavation is assigned a positive sign; excess fill or embankment is assigned a negative sign. Points on the plot are connected with straight lines to form an XY plot or graph.
What is a mass diagram?
Mass diagrams determine the average haul, free haul, and overhaul on a given segment of roadway. Mass diagrams tell the contractors and inspectors the quantity of material moved and how far it can be economically moved.
What is an earthwork mass diagram?
Earthwork Mass Diagrams. Basic Definitions. Mass Diagram- A graphical representation of the cumulative amount of earthwork moved along the centerline and distances over which the earth and materials are to be transported.
How are mass haul diagrams used in construction?
One of the major ways that mass haul diagrams are used is to assist with roadway design. Mass haul diagram calculations and drawings are crucial to helping designers find out how much earthwork is needed for a project.
What does the curve on the mass diagram indicate?
The rising curve on the mass diagram indicates excavation and a descending curve indicates embankment. If a horizontal line is drawn to intersect the diagram at two points, excavation and embankment (adjusted for shrinkage) will be equal between the two stations represented by the points of intersection.
What is a mass diagram used for?
Mass diagrams indicate the spatial relationship between excavation (cut) and embankment (fill) on a project and are good tools in planning for efficient earthwork operations. The basic excavation and embankment volumes and locations must be known before the mass diagram can be constructed.
What is mass haul diagram in survey?
A mass haul diagram presents a graphical view of material moved in the proposed design site, displaying balance points, free haul and overhaul regions, and grade points.
How do you create a mass diagram?
0:2421:18Mass Diagrams- Video 3 of 3 - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipWhat I would do is would be that I would divide the area underneath the curve which is really QCD.MoreWhat I would do is would be that I would divide the area underneath the curve which is really QCD. The area under here the area that is encompassed by QC d divided by Q C D which is the quantity.
What are the characteristics of mass diagram?
Characteristics of Mass Curve: 1- Rising sections of the mass curve indicates areas where excavating exceeds fill, whereas falling sections indicate where fill exceeds excavation. 2- Steep slopes reflect heavy cuts & Fills, while flat slopes indicate areas fro small amount of earthwork.
What is the role of mass haul diagram in estimating and costing?
This is a curve representing cumulative volume of earthwork at any point on curve, the manner which earth to be removed. It is necessary to plan movement of excavated soil of work site from cuts to fill so that haul distance be minimum to reduce the cost of earthwork.
What is haul in mass haul diagram?
The mass haul diagram is a curve plotted on a distance base with the ordinate at any point on the curve representing the algebraic sum of the volume of earthwork up that point. A haul refers to the transportation of your project's excavated materials.
What is overhaul distance?
The overhaul distance is determined by deducting the free-haul distance from the distance between the center of gravity of the remaining mass of excavation and the remaining mass of embankment.
What is overhaul in construction?
To overhaul is to completely renovate, making major changes in order to repair. A few shutters and a new coat of paint won't come close to fixing that old, boarded-up house — it needs a complete overhaul.
How do you calculate backfill and excavation?
Backfill for Figure 3.1:Backfill volume = excavation volume – footing volume – wall volume. ... (Note that only the portion of the wall that is in the trench is deducted, so the height of wall in the trench is the average trench depth minus 2'-0” for the footing: 6'-0” – 2'-0” is 4'-0”)Backfill volume = 207.4 cubic yards.
How do you calculate mass excavation quantity?
So, the formula is: Ab = Wb * Lb, where Wb and Lb are the width and length of the bottom of the excavation. At = Wt * Lt, where Wt and Lt are the width and length of the top of the excavation. In our example, Wb = Lb = 5 and Wt = Lt = 15, so Ab = 5 * 5 = 25 and At = 15 * 15 = 225, and D = 5.
What is surveying?
Surveying is all about measuring distances, angles and positions on or near the surface of the earth. Surveyors use mathematical techniques to analyse field data. Survey measurement relies on understanding two basic scientific, accuracy and reliability.
What is preliminary survey?
Preliminary survey (data gathering): is the gathering of data (distances, position and angles) to locate physical features (rivers, roads and other structures) so that data can be plotted to scale on a map or plan, also include the difference in elevation so that contour could be plotted.
What is mass diagram?
Mass diagrams are representations of numerical data and may be analyzed both graphically and analytically. With the scales commonly used in plotting, an analytical approach is usually necessary to attain precision expressed to nearest 0.1 station and volumes to the nearest 10 cubic yards.
Where do steeply sloping parts of mass diagram occur?
The steeply sloping parts of the mass diagram usually occur near areas of excessive cuts or excessive fills. Where haul distances would be long, it may be more economical to waste material in one area and borrow (buy) additional material elsewhere to provide for shortages.
