Receiving Helpdesk

what is longitudinal wave

by Fabiola Bruen MD Published 4 years ago Updated 3 years ago

What are facts about longitudinal waves?

The characteristics of the sound are as follows:

  • Loudness
  • Pitch
  • Quality

What are some examples of longitudinal waves?

Things to Remember based on Longitudinal Waves

  • Longitudinal waves are waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as the direction of the travel of the wave.
  • The formula of a longitudinal wave is: y (x,t) = y0 cos [ω (t−x/c)].
  • A sound wave is a type of longitudinal wave that is produced by the vibrating motion of particles traveling through a conductive medium.

More items...

What are the properties of longitudinal waves?

In a longitudinal wave, the displacement of the particle is parallel to the direction of the wave propagation. What you see in the picture is the wave front progressing forward and the particles compressing and expanding in the same direction. This kind of wave is marked by periodic compression zones and rarefaction zones, where the medium expands.

How do you describe a longitudinal wave?

Some common examples of Longitudinal waves are:

  • Sound waves
  • Spring waves (Compressional waves)
  • A vibrating drumhead

What is called longitudinal wave?

longitudinal wave, wave consisting of a periodic disturbance or vibration that takes place in the same direction as the advance of the wave.

What is longitudinal wave and it's example?

In longitudinal waves , the vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel. Examples of longitudinal waves include: sound waves. ultrasound waves. seismic P-waves.

What is longitudinal and transverse wave?

Transverse waves cause the medium to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave. Longitudinal waves cause the medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave.

What is a longitudinal wave Class 9?

Answer. In longitudinal waves, particles of wave move in direction of propagation of waves. In a sound wave, the particles of the medium vibrate back and forth in the same direction of the disturbance. Therefore, sound wave is called a longitudinal wave.

What is longitudinal wave Class 7?

What Is Longitudinal Wave? Longitudinal waves are the waves where the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as the direction of the travel of the wave.

Why is sound called longitudinal wave?

Sound waves in air (and any fluid medium) are longitudinal waves because particles of the medium through which the sound is transported vibrate parallel to the direction that the sound wave moves.

What do you mean by transverse wave?

transverse wave, motion in which all points on a wave oscillate along paths at right angles to the direction of the wave's advance. Surface ripples on water, seismic S (secondary) waves, and electromagnetic (e.g., radio and light) waves are examples of transverse waves. transverse wave.

What is transverse wave Class 9?

Transverse Waves A wave in which the particles of medium vibrate up and down at right angle to direction in which wave is moving is called transverse wave.

What is transverse direction?

Definitions of transverse. adjective. extending or lying across; in a crosswise direction; at right angles to the long axis.

What is a longitudinal wave Class 10?

Longitudinal waves are waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the opposite direction to, the direction of propagation of the wave.

What is longitudinal wave class 11th physics?

Solution. A wave in which particles of the medium vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave is called a longitudinal wave.

What are longitudinal waves Class 12?

Longitudinal waves: These are the waves in which medium particles vibrate to and fro in the direction of propagation of the wave. This type of wave can be formed in solid, liquid, and gas.

The longitudinal wave formula is given by the equation _____.

y(x,t)=y o cos[w(t-x/c)]

List the characteristics of sound?

The characteristics of the sound are as follows: Loudness Pitch Quality

What happens when a pebble is dropped into a pond with still water?

When a pebble is dropped into a pond with still water, there is the formation of ripples on the surface of the water. These ripples are in the circ...

State true or false: Mechanical waves are also known as elastic waves.

The given statement is true. Mechanical waves are also known as elastic waves because they depend on the elastic property of the waves.

Name the condition in which sound waves can travel through the gas.

For a sound wave to travel through the gas, the required condition is an adiabatic condition. This is because when the sound waves travel they prod...

1. What are Three Examples of Longitudinal Waves?

Examples of longitudinal waves: Sound waves, Vibration in spring, Tsunami waves, etc.

2. What are the Characteristics of Longitudinal Waves?

Characteristics of longitudinal waves, just like in the transverse waves the following properties can be defined for longitudinal waves: wavelength...

3. What do you understand about wave velocity ?

When the distance is travelled in a motion per unit time in a cyclic or periodic manner in any direction, it is known as Wave velocity. The common...

What are the characteristics of longitudinal waves?

Just like in the transverse waves the following properties can be defined for longitudinal waves: wavelength, amplitude, period, frequency and wave speed. The main characteristic difference is, instead of crests and troughs, longitudinal waves have compressions and rarefactions.

Is a sound wave longitudinal?

Yes, the sound waves are longitudinal in nature. When we speak, the sound wave propagates through the air medium and reaches the audience. The sound waves are the best example of a longitudinal wave and are produced by vibrating or disturbing the motion of the particles that travel through a conductive medium. An example of sound waves in a longitudinal direction of propagation is the tuning fork. In sound waves, the amplitude of the wave is always the difference between the maximum pressure caused by the wave and the pressure of the undisturbed air. The propagation speed of sound depends upon the type, composition of the medium, and temperature through which it will propagate.

What is longitudinal wave?

Longitudinal waves are waves in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels and displacement of the medium is in the same (or opposite) direction of the wave propag ation. Mechanical longitudinal waves are also called compressional or compression waves, ...

What is the difference between mechanical longitudinal waves and pressure waves?

Mechanical longitudinal waves are also called compressional or compression waves, because they produce compression and rarefaction when traveling through a medium, and pressure waves, because they produce increases and decreases in pressure. Sound travels through longitudinal waves.

How does sound travel?

Sound travels through longitudinal waves. Sound travels through transversal waves in 90 degrees. The other main type of wave is the transverse wave, in which the displacements of the medium are at right angles to the direction of propagation. Transverse waves, for instance, describe some bulk sound waves in solid materials (but not in fluids);

What is transverse wave?

Transverse waves, for instance, describe some bulk sound waves in solid materials ( but not in fluids); these are also called "shear waves" to differentiate them from the (longitudinal) pressure waves that these materials also support.

What are L waves and T waves?

While these two abbreviations have specific meanings in seismology (L-wave for Love wave or long wave) and electrocardiography (see T wave ), some authors chose to use "l-waves" (lowercase 'L') and "t-waves" instead, although they are not commonly found in physics writings except for some popular science books.

What is the amplitude of a sound wave?

For sound waves, the amplitude of the wave is the difference between the pressure of the undisturbed air and the maximum pressure caused by the wave. Sound's propagation speed depends on the type, temperature, and composition of the medium through which it propagates.

What is a wave along a stretched slinky toy?

A wave along the length of a stretched Slinky toy, where the distance between coils increases and decreases , is a good visualization and contrasts with the standing wave along an oscillating guitar string which is transverse.

Longitudinal Wave

Humans can easily hear the sound of an engine from the highway or music from a booming speaker.

Examples of Longitudinal Waves

Some examples of longitudinal waves are sound waves and P-waves. Sound waves are produced from the vibration of the particles in a medium. Consider a tuning fork struck by rubber which then begins to vibrate. The air molecules around the prongs of the tuning fork also start to vibrate, compressing and expanding the surrounding air in the process.

Parts of a Longitudinal Wave

Similar to other types of waves, there are also several parts of a longitudinal wave. Consider the longitudinal wave diagram below and its similarity to compression and rarefaction in a slinky toy.

What is longitudinal wave?

What are longitudinal waves? In a longitudinal wave, particles move in a medium in the same dimension as the direction of movement of the wave. In other words, the displacement of the particle is parallel to the direction the wave is moving. Figure 1. A simple example of such waves is compressions moving along a slinky.

What are some examples of longitudinal waves?

A simple example of such waves is compressions moving along a slinky. One can generate a longitudinal wave by pushing and pulling the slinky horizontally. When traveling through a medium, these waves create compression and rarefaction. Compressions are high-pressure regions where wave particles are close together.

What is the use of ultrasound waves in diagnostics?

Diagnostic Sonography. Sonography uses ultrasound waves to create images of internal body parts, such as blood vessels, muscles, joints, tendons, and internal organs.

What is the form of sound waves?

Form: Sound waves. During a thunderstorm, discharges of lightning produce powerful and fast pressure waves that propagate for very long distances. When these waves reach your office/home, they cause window panes to vibrate in the same manner our eardrum vibrates in response to sound waves.

How do waves travel through water?

As waves travel through the water, particles move in a circular pattern. The radius of these circles decreases as the depth into the water increases. This means, at the greater depth, water waves act as longitudinal waves. And near the surface, water waves behave as transverse waves. 5.

What type of waves travel through the Earth's interior?

There are two types of seismic waves that travel through the Earth’s interior: Primary (P) and Secondary (S) waves.

How fast do P waves travel?

They travel faster than other waves (up to 8 km/s in Earth’s mantle and core, and 6 km/s in Earth’s crust) and thus are the first signals detected on seismographs. P-waves can travel through solid rocks and fluids (liquid layers) of the Earth in a special pattern.

Overview

Longitudinal waves are waves in which the vibration of the medium is parallel ("along") to the direction the wave travels and displacement of the medium is in the same (or opposite) direction of the wave propagation. Mechanical longitudinal waves are also called compressional or compression waves, because they produce compression and rarefaction when traveling through a medium, and pressure waves, because they produce increases and decreases in pressure. A wav…

Nomenclature

"Longitudinal waves" and "transverse waves" have been abbreviated by some authors as "L-waves" and "T-waves", respectively, for their own convenience. While these two abbreviations have specific meanings in seismology (L-wave for Love wave or long wave ) and electrocardiography (see T wave), some authors chose to use "l-waves" (lowercase 'L') and "t-waves" instead, although they are not commonly found in physics writings except for some popular science books.

Sound waves

In the case of longitudinal harmonic sound waves, the frequency and wavelength can be described by the formula
where:
• y is the displacement of the point on the traveling sound wave;
• x is the distance from the point to the wave's source;

Pressure waves

The equations for sound in a fluid given above also apply to acoustic waves in an elastic solid. Although solids also support transverse waves (known as S-waves in seismology), longitudinal sound waves in the solid exist with a velocity and wave impedance dependent on the material's density and its rigidity, the latter of which is described (as with sound in a gas) by the material's bulk modulus.

Electromagnetics

Maxwell's equations lead to the prediction of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum, which is strictly transverse waves, that is, the electric and magnetic fields of which the wave consists are perpendicular to the direction of the wave's propagation. However plasma waves are longitudinal since these are not electromagnetic waves but density waves of charged particles, but which can couple to the electromagnetic field.

See also

• Transverse wave
• Sound
• Acoustic wave
• P-wave
• Plasma waves

Further reading

• Varadan, V. K., and Vasundara V. Varadan, "Elastic wave scattering and propagation". Attenuation due to scattering of ultrasonic compressional waves in granular media - A.J. Devaney, H. Levine, and T. Plona. Ann Arbor, Mich., Ann Arbor Science, 1982.
• Schaaf, John van der, Jaap C. Schouten, and Cor M. van den Bleek, "Experimental Observation of Pressure Waves in Gas-Solids Fluidized Beds". American Institute of Chemical Engineers. New York, N.Y., 1997.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version1.06sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: mt_rand(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($max) of type int is deprecated in ...
  • warninglog[22:44:26] LOG.warning: explode(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecat...
  • Booting (13.7ms)
  • Application (1.04s)
  • 1 x Application (98.66%)
    1.04s
    1 x Booting (1.29%)
    13.70ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed1.02s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-21 22:44:26' and `slug` = 'what-is-longitudinal-wave' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      3.44ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-21 22:44:26
      • 1. what-is-longitudinal-wave
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 69600 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      3.74msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 69600
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      370μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      310μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      250μs/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      1.01s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 32687 limit 1
      990μsview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 32687
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        As0A9JlB9D5ZrY84fSCBAV42mcqmuruilCsUWDVs
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-longitudinal-wave" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-is-longitudinal-wave
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:25 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "_pk_id.64.7c30=bf8053711db43776.1750526051.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImZKUjNsaGNlRmF1blZBSTk4Z21UYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzNQNk1Ucml4YWVWSW5kb01rUzg3MFFMd01jWnB3NDBVUU5laXdxelhyeXhKQ05BUTV0VWpyMkFFUFZWdDNGTnV2WUxVSjl0WWlBaVNyR1RmS25ZZlp5cmdzblRPbkR0Q09hUDVhckRGbzlRL0JCYTBxR08yUUZLbGdvQ2RQK1kiLCJtYWMiOiI1NDY1Y2RlNWNhZTRlNGIzYjEyMzliZjRkYjZhZDI1MWE2ODE4ZTdkNDU4NWZjYTM1YjVhMjEzNTExODgwYWE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ikk4ZXoxbEFuYVUwbFo2UjRab3FjWmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQXpPU2dORXVMalBZN0ZZUnZiSnpqU1JnblZyNWxVbUZ1clZIdHkyMjBrS3Y2OUxOdk5jNVVabTRrWEVra25qRGdXUithWWFrNHNsOGtnZHFXQWNuZ2VGc1g2N1A5UGJtTUZSTkh6dzZreFprdTk3cjkxTEhwRm5qcnJzZXp1OVAiLCJtYWMiOiI4ODNlMDcxYTIxNTZkMzY5NjRiNDMxZmI2ZmJlYzI0ZmViYmQ3ODJkODUwMGNjNzBlZTM3MzQ0ZjU0YzUxOGZjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=bf8053711db43776.1750526051.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImZKUjNsaGNlRmF1blZBSTk4Z21UYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzNQNk1Ucml4YWVWSW5kb01rUzg3M" ] "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.247" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "9535246d8ceae5db-ORD" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.247, 172.69.17.181" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:56 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-is-longitudinal-wave" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-is-longitudinal-wave" "REMOTE_PORT" => "41486" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.17.181" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_COOKIE" => "_pk_id.64.7c30=bf8053711db43776.1750526051.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImZKUjNsaGNlRmF1blZBSTk4Z21UYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzNQNk1Ucml4YWVWSW5kb01rUzg3MFFMd01jWnB3NDBVUU5laXdxelhyeXhKQ05BUTV0VWpyMkFFUFZWdDNGTnV2WUxVSjl0WWlBaVNyR1RmS25ZZlp5cmdzblRPbkR0Q09hUDVhckRGbzlRL0JCYTBxR08yUUZLbGdvQ2RQK1kiLCJtYWMiOiI1NDY1Y2RlNWNhZTRlNGIzYjEyMzliZjRkYjZhZDI1MWE2ODE4ZTdkNDU4NWZjYTM1YjVhMjEzNTExODgwYWE4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ikk4ZXoxbEFuYVUwbFo2UjRab3FjWmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQXpPU2dORXVMalBZN0ZZUnZiSnpqU1JnblZyNWxVbUZ1clZIdHkyMjBrS3Y2OUxOdk5jNVVabTRrWEVra25qRGdXUithWWFrNHNsOGtnZHFXQWNuZ2VGc1g2N1A5UGJtTUZSTkh6dzZreFprdTk3cjkxTEhwRm5qcnJzZXp1OVAiLCJtYWMiOiI4ODNlMDcxYTIxNTZkMzY5NjRiNDMxZmI2ZmJlYzI0ZmViYmQ3ODJkODUwMGNjNzBlZTM3MzQ0ZjU0YzUxOGZjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D_pk_id.64.7c30=bf8053711db43776.1750526051.; _pk_ses.64.7c30=1; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImZKUjNsaGNlRmF1blZBSTk4Z21UYXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzNQNk1Ucml4YWVWSW5kb01rUzg3M" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.247" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "9535246d8ceae5db-ORD" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.247, 172.69.17.181" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1750526066.8237 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1750526066 ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_pk_id_64_7c30" => null "_pk_ses_64_7c30" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "As0A9JlB9D5ZrY84fSCBAV42mcqmuruilCsUWDVs" "askhelpdesk_session" => "UoIY7ZlPwhcRcMwhOBhXD2jkhijteWi1OdoDVRQI" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Sat, 21 Jun 2025 17:14:26 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFraXlQMEN5SkQyYitEYVpldzNneFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRGp5STlYOXJlaW9sbmVnQkxGRkhHRlprQld2RXJFeDBTcEV2SWNEQks0dkphNHJSTEU2b01iSzRmSDJ4TTJVMnl6TmFxYUQwTitLbWpmaGViSUtaZmE3bVAveUNlM1RER3Fad1ZDcWpCNTQvVUU3RDRBSGZDTXN6YTRCbHdNRWgiLCJtYWMiOiI3NmUzYjJiNjdiZjVkNTNmNGU3OTI0NjBkNDVjZTU1Y2U3NDFkYmZhMzNjN2Q2NWZhMjExNjE4ZTUxNjI5NGRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 19:14:27 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFraXlQMEN5SkQyYitEYVpldzNneFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRGp5STlYOXJlaW9sbmVnQkxGRkhHRlprQld2RXJFeDBTcEV2SWNEQks0dkphNHJSTEU2b01iSzRmSDJ4TTJVMnl6TmFxY" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IllyTEJ5Nm93QkhSNWt6Ukpjbk5kMHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYUorVGFKQUlXSSt5WHdoTU9iQWdKQWU1dUhGZFpGSzRORkQzTVdnZkVHdGNMTm8wZmI1bCs4aGFKejY0SVRzcUltRVo5RW5wak5jUDBESUk1NU9NR1lSZVVmRVRNVWVMRUNwTnl1ZWkwVVVYY05kb1JmbTk2bUc1ZGRGbVJSYVoiLCJtYWMiOiIzZjY5YzJhMWE5NmYyODIzN2E2ZDY0ODE0ZDk0MWM3N2QyZDUwNjhkMjYzNTdjMzA3ZjUzYThhZGFkNDRlOTIwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 19:14:27 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IllyTEJ5Nm93QkhSNWt6Ukpjbk5kMHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYUorVGFKQUlXSSt5WHdoTU9iQWdKQWU1dUhGZFpGSzRORkQzTVdnZkVHdGNMTm8wZmI1bCs4aGFKejY0SVRz" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFraXlQMEN5SkQyYitEYVpldzNneFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRGp5STlYOXJlaW9sbmVnQkxGRkhHRlprQld2RXJFeDBTcEV2SWNEQks0dkphNHJSTEU2b01iSzRmSDJ4TTJVMnl6TmFxYUQwTitLbWpmaGViSUtaZmE3bVAveUNlM1RER3Fad1ZDcWpCNTQvVUU3RDRBSGZDTXN6YTRCbHdNRWgiLCJtYWMiOiI3NmUzYjJiNjdiZjVkNTNmNGU3OTI0NjBkNDVjZTU1Y2U3NDFkYmZhMzNjN2Q2NWZhMjExNjE4ZTUxNjI5NGRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 19:14:27 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFraXlQMEN5SkQyYitEYVpldzNneFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRGp5STlYOXJlaW9sbmVnQkxGRkhHRlprQld2RXJFeDBTcEV2SWNEQks0dkphNHJSTEU2b01iSzRmSDJ4TTJVMnl6TmFxY" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IllyTEJ5Nm93QkhSNWt6Ukpjbk5kMHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYUorVGFKQUlXSSt5WHdoTU9iQWdKQWU1dUhGZFpGSzRORkQzTVdnZkVHdGNMTm8wZmI1bCs4aGFKejY0SVRzcUltRVo5RW5wak5jUDBESUk1NU9NR1lSZVVmRVRNVWVMRUNwTnl1ZWkwVVVYY05kb1JmbTk2bUc1ZGRGbVJSYVoiLCJtYWMiOiIzZjY5YzJhMWE5NmYyODIzN2E2ZDY0ODE0ZDk0MWM3N2QyZDUwNjhkMjYzNTdjMzA3ZjUzYThhZGFkNDRlOTIwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 21-Jun-2025 19:14:27 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6IllyTEJ5Nm93QkhSNWt6Ukpjbk5kMHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYUorVGFKQUlXSSt5WHdoTU9iQWdKQWU1dUhGZFpGSzRORkQzTVdnZkVHdGNMTm8wZmI1bCs4aGFKejY0SVRz" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "As0A9JlB9D5ZrY84fSCBAV42mcqmuruilCsUWDVs" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-longitudinal-wave" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]