The Jeans-Jeffreys tidal hypothesis, championed by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys
Harold Jeffreys
Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS was a British mathematician, statistician, geophysicist, and astronomer. His book, Theory of Probability, which first appeared in 1939, played an important role in the revival of the objective Bayesian view of probability.
Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin
Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin was an American geologist and educator. In 1893 he founded the Journal of Geology, of which he was editor for many years.
Forest Ray Moulton
Forest Ray Moulton was an American astronomer. He was born in Le Roy, Michigan, and was educated at Albion College. After graduating in 1894, he performed his graduate studies at the University of Chicago and gained a Ph.D. in 1899. At the University of Chicago he was associate in …
What is the Jeans-Jeffreys tidal hypothesis?
The Jeans-Jeffreys tidal hypothesis, championed by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys, explained the origin of the solar system as a result of a close encounter between the Sun and a second star. However, it differed significantly from the other major catastrophic hypothesis of the twentieth century, the Chamberlin-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis.
What is the tidal theory?
Sir James Jeans and Prof. Harold Jeffrey’s, the British scientists put forward a tidal theory in 1919 to meet the objections against Laplacian hypothesis and the shortcomings of the tidal theory of Chamberlin and Moulton. Jeans and Jeffrey’s suggested the approach of a passing star which produced the tidal effect.
What is James Jeans’ theory?
James Jeans postulated that due to massive gravitational force of the ‘intruding star’, huge amount of matter was ejected from the primitive sun, which later on became the building material of future planets.
What is James Jeans theory of the origin of satellites?
As regards the origin of satellites, the tidal theory of James Jeans suggests that the planets which were bigger in size would remain in gaseous state for longer time and they took longer time to cool. On the contrary, the planets that were smaller in size took less time to cool and condense.
What is Jeans Jeffreys tidal hypothesis?
The tidal theory, proposed by James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys in 1918, is a variation of the planetesimal concept: it suggests that a huge tidal wave, raised on the sun by a passing star, was drawn into a long filament and became detached from the principal mass.
What is the meaning of tidal theory?
Definition of tidal theory 1 : a theory of the evolution of a celestial body that is based on the action of tidal forces specifically : such a theory explaining the moon's evolution. 2 : the theory of the present ocean tides.
Who gave tidal theory?
In the late 10th century, the Arabs had already begun to relate the timing of the tides to the cycles of the moon. However a scientific explanation for the tidal phenomenon had to wait for Sir Isaac Newton and his universal theory of gravitation which was published in 1687.
How did the planet formed in tidal theory?
The theory explains that while the sun existed alone at first, there came a time when another star passed very near the sun. The movement created big tides that tore away some of the gas in the sun's outer layer. Eventually, the gas massed together and formed bodies that became planets.
What are the four different types of tides?
The Four Different Types of TidesDiurnal Tide. ••• A diurnal tide has one episode of high water and one episode of low water each day. ... Semi-diurnal Tide. ••• A semi-diurnal tide has two episodes of equal high water and two episodes of low equal water each day. ... Mixed Tide. ••• ... Meteorological Tide. •••
What is binary theory?
A theory suggesting that all salts contain only two substances, either both simple , or one simple and the other a compound playing the part of a simple body.
What are the theory of origin of the earth?
Origin of the Earth formed through two steps of our newly proposed ABEL model. The Earth was formed first as dry planet dominated by enstatite chondrite-like source materials, followed by accretion by carbonaceous chondrite material during ABEL Bombardment events during 4.37 Ga to 4.20 Ga.
What was the first theory about the solar system called?
the nebular hypothesisThe most widely accepted hypothesis of planetary formation is known as the nebular hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that, 4.6 billion years ago, the Solar System was formed by the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud spanning several light-years.
What are the two theories of our solar system?
These are the Nebular Hypothesis of Laplace, the Planetesimal Hypothesis of Chamberlin and Moulton, and the Capture Theory of See.
Why did Jeffreys suggest modifications in the tidal hypothesis of James Jeans?
It may be pointed out that Jeffreys suggested modifications in the tidal hypothesis of James Jeans with the intention to remove major inherent weak points of the tidal hypothesis so that it can withstand the criticisms of the modern scientific world.
What is the evidence in favour of the Tidal Hypothesis?
Evidence in Favour of the Hypothesis: The ‘tidal hypothesis’ of James Jeans has not only explained the origin of the solar system and the earth but has also attempted successfully to some extent, to solve various problems of the solar system related to its shape, size, structure and peculiar motion.
How many planets were formed by James Jeans?
According to James Jeans nine planets of our solar system were formed due to cooling and condensation of the incandescent mass of gaseous matter of the filament. The filament, after being detached from the sun, began to cool down. Thus, the filament started contracting in size on cooling. The contraction of the filament led to its breaking in several pieces and each piece was condensed to form one separate planet. This process led to the formation of nine planets.
What did James Jeans postulate?
James Jeans postulated that due to massive gravitational force of the ‘intruding star’, huge amount of matter was ejected from the primitive sun, which later on became the building material of future planets.
What force did the intruding star exert on the surface of the primitive sun?
Evolution of filament: According to James Jeans the ‘intruding star’ was continuously moving along such a path that it was coming nearer to the primitive sun and thus exerted gaseous tidal force (gravitational pull) on the surface of the ‘primitive sun’. As the ‘intruding star’ came nearer and nearer to the ‘primitive sun’, ...
Who was the first scientist to test the tidal hypothesis?
Harold Jeffreys, a British scientist, modified the original tidal hypothesis of James Jeans in 1929 and presented his concept as ‘collision hypothesis’. According to Jeffreys there were three stars in the universe before the origin of our solar system. One was our primitive sun, the second one was its ‘companion star’ and ...
Who propounded the tide hypothesis?
ADVERTISEMENTS: Sir James Jeans, a British scientist, propounded his ‘tidal hypothesis’ to explain the origin of the earth in the year 1919 while another British scientist, Harold Jeffreys, suggested modifications in the ‘tidal hypothesis’ in 1929 and thus made it more relevant and significant in the context of increasing knowledge ...
Why did Jeans and Jeffrey give the tidal hypothesis?
Jeans and Jeffrey, both were British Scientists. They gave "Jeans Jeffreys tidal hypothesis" to explain the origin of Earth and our solar system. Our solar system is developed due to the results of the gravitational pull between two stars. Primitive Sun: Early stage of the sun is called the primitive sun.
Who gave the tidal hypothesis?
Discuss the tidal hypothesis of Jeans and Jeffreys regarding the origin of the earth. ( UPPSC / UPPCS, 2019, 15 Marks) Jeans and Jeffrey, both were British Scientists. They gave "Jeans Jeffreys tidal hypothesis" to explain the origin of Earth and our solar system.
Answer
The second theory, the tidal theory, was first proposed by Jeans (1916). This postulated that the passage of a massive star past the Sun would raise a huge solar tidal bulge from which matter would escape in the form of a filament.
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