Receiving Helpdesk

what is hard and soft soldering

by Una Hintz Published 3 years ago Updated 2 years ago

What Are the Three Types of Soldering?

  • Soft Solder Is Common. The soft-soldering process is common in the electronics and plumbing industries. ...
  • Hard Solder is Stronger. Hard soldering creates a stronger bond compared to soft soldering and involves higher temperatures to melt the solder material.
  • Brazing Involves High Temperatures. ...
  • Types of Soldering Equipment. ...

You see when we talk about soldering it can refer to both hard and soft soldering. Solder alloys with melting temperatures below 840°F are considered to be soft and any soldering done above 840°F is referred to as brazing or “hard soldering”; also called silver soldering when a silver alloy is used.Sep 28, 2018

Full Answer

What are the main differences between soft and hard soldering?

There are various brazing techniques which are according to heating methods such as:

  • Torch brazing
  • Furnace brazing
  • Silver brazing
  • Vacuum brazing
  • Dip brazing
  • Resistance brazing
  • Induction brazing
  • Electron beam and laser brazing
  • Infrared brazing

What is the temperature range for soft soldering?

  • soft soldering, which originally used a tin-lead alloy as the filler metal
  • silver soldering, which uses an alloy containing silver
  • brazing which uses a brass alloy for the filler

What are properties of soft solder?

Properties of Soft Solder. Soldering is a technique for joining metals using a filler metal alloy that has a melting temperature less than about 425°C (800°F). Because of this lower temperature and different alloys used as fillers, the metallurgical reaction between filler and work piece is minimal, resulting in a weaker joint.

What is soldering and how it works?

Soldering (US: / ˈ s ɒ d ər ɪ ŋ /; UK: / ˈ s oʊ l d ər ɪ ŋ /) is a process in which two or more items are joined together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the adjoining metal. Unlike welding, soldering does not involve melting the work pieces.In brazing, the work piece metal also does not melt, but the filler ...

What is soft solder?

Definition of soft solder (Entry 1 of 2) 1 : an alloy of lead and tin that melts below 700° F and is used when melted to join metallic surfaces — compare hard solder, silver solder. 2 : soft sawder.

What is hard solder?

Definition of hard solder (Entry 1 of 2) : a solder that contains copper, requires a red heat to melt, and is used for brazing.

What is hard soldering used for?

"Hard soldering" or "silver soldering" is used to join precious and semi-precious metals such as gold, silver, brass, and copper. The solder is usually described as easy, medium, or hard in reference to its melting temperature, not the strength of the joint.

What are the 3 types of soldering?

In summary, there are three main types of solder: lead-based, lead-free, and flux.

What is soft solder made of?

Soft soldering wire that contains lead is comprised of combinations of tin, lead, silver, cadmium and copper. Combinations of tin and lead are most common, in ratios of 60 percent tin/40 percent lead; 63 percent tin/37 percent lead; and 50 percent tin/50 percent lead.

What is hard solder made of?

Hard solders are used for brazing, and melt at higher temperatures. Alloys of copper with either zinc or silver are the most common. In silversmithing or jewelry making, special hard solders are used that will pass assay. They contain a high proportion of the metal being soldered and lead is not used in these alloys.

Is sweating soft or hard soldering?

Soft solder joints may be made by using gas flames, wiping, sweating the joints, or by dipping in solder baths.

What is the difference between soft soldering and hard soldering in terms of temperatures type your answer below?

Temperature Range You see when we talk about soldering it can refer to both hard and soft soldering. Solder alloys with melting temperatures below 840°F are considered to be soft and any soldering done above 840°F is referred to as brazing or “hard soldering”; also called silver soldering when a silver alloy is used.

What is soldering and types of soldering?

Soldering methods fall into three main categories: hand soldering, reflow soldering, and wave soldering. Hand soldering forms each joint individually by simultaneously applying a hot soldering iron and a wire made of solder to the two surfaces to be joined.

What type of solder is strongest?

A 60-40 solder (60% tin, 40% lead) is the most expensive, but it makes the strongest bond and is easiest to work with because of its low melting point.

What is dry soldering?

Simply explained, a dry joint is what occurs when the soldered joint appears to be made but where, due to insufficient heat or dirty work, the solder has in fact not taken properly. The problem with a dry joint is that it appears to work, indeed it could work properly for years, but eventually fails.

What is SMD soldering?

SMD stands for Surface Mount Device and indicates that the component is mounted on the surface of the circuit board in contrast to through-hole components which are mounted in holes. These are the soldering tools you should have in order to solder surface mount components: Soldering iron (use a thin tip if you have)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8.3.21PHP Version21.37sRequest Duration2MBMemory UsageGET {post}Route
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\QueryFormatter:...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: Callables of the form ["Swift_SmtpTransport", "Swift_Transport_EsmtpTranspor...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: Creation of dynamic property Barryvdh\Debugbar\DataFormatter\SimpleFormatter...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • warninglog[20:46:36] LOG.warning: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprec...
  • Booting (22.27ms)
  • Application (21.35s)
  • 1 x Application (99.89%)
    21.35s
    1 x Booting (0.1%)
    22.27ms
    7 templates were rendered
    • themes.DevBlog.content.post (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/content/post.blade.php)34blade
      Params
      0
      post
      1
      postContent
      2
      author
      3
      updated_at
      4
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      5
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      6
      bing_related_keywords
      7
      google_related_keywords
      8
      bing_news_title
      9
      bing_news_description
      10
      bing_videos
      11
      bing_images
      12
      bing_search_result_title
      13
      bing_search_result_description
      14
      bing_search_result_url
      15
      bing_paa_questions
      16
      bing_paa_answers
      17
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      18
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      19
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      20
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      21
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      22
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      23
      google_faq_questions
      24
      google_faq_answers
      25
      google_rich_snippet
      26
      google_search_result
      27
      indexedArray
      28
      total_images
      29
      total_videos
      30
      settings
      31
      url_current
      32
      menus
      33
      sidebar
    • themes.DevBlog.layouts.master (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/layouts/master.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.head (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/head.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.header (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/header.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.navbar (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/navbar.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.footer (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/footer.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    • themes.DevBlog.panels.scripts (resources/views/themes/DevBlog/panels/scripts.blade.php)41blade
      Params
      0
      __env
      1
      app
      2
      errors
      3
      post
      4
      postContent
      5
      author
      6
      updated_at
      7
      bing_rich_snippet_text
      8
      bing_rich_snippet_link
      9
      bing_related_keywords
      10
      google_related_keywords
      11
      bing_news_title
      12
      bing_news_description
      13
      bing_videos
      14
      bing_images
      15
      bing_search_result_title
      16
      bing_search_result_description
      17
      bing_search_result_url
      18
      bing_paa_questions
      19
      bing_paa_answers
      20
      bing_slider_faq_questions
      21
      bing_slider_faq_answers
      22
      bing_pop_faq_questions
      23
      bing_pop_faq_answers
      24
      bing_tab_faq_questions
      25
      bing_tab_faq_answers
      26
      google_faq_questions
      27
      google_faq_answers
      28
      google_rich_snippet
      29
      google_search_result
      30
      indexedArray
      31
      total_images
      32
      total_videos
      33
      settings
      34
      url_current
      35
      menus
      36
      sidebar
      37
      i
      38
      __currentLoopData
      39
      loop
      40
      item
    uri
    GET {post}
    middleware
    web, checkdate
    as
    post.show
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\Frontend\json_data\PostController@show
    namespace
    where
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/Frontend/json_data/PostController.php:18-166
    7 statements were executed21.32s
    • select * from `posts` where `published_at` <= '2025-06-10 20:46:36' and `slug` = 'what-is-hard-and-soft-soldering' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      5.28ms/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 2025-06-10 20:46:36
      • 1. what-is-hard-and-soft-soldering
      Backtrace
      • 15. /app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:842
      • 19. Route binding:39
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:78
    • select * from `json_post_contents` where `json_post_contents`.`post_id` = 186736 and `json_post_contents`.`post_id` is not null and `rewrite_id` = 0
      5.86msmiddleware::checkdate:30receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 186736
      • 1. 0
      Backtrace
      • 19. middleware::checkdate:30
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 21. /vendor/laravel/jetstream/src/Http/Middleware/ShareInertiaData.php:61
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:167
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
    • select * from `nova_menu_menus` where `slug` = 'header' limit 1
      2.21ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. header
      Backtrace
      • 15. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:32
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` = 1 and `nova_menu_menu_items`.`menu_id` is not null and `parent_id` is null order by `parent_id` asc, `order` asc, `name` asc
      3.93ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 1
      Backtrace
      • 19. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 20. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select * from `nova_menu_menu_items` where `nova_menu_menu_items`.`parent_id` in (1) order by `order` asc
      2.52ms/vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Backtrace
      • 24. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/Models/Menu.php:35
      • 25. /vendor/outl1ne/nova-menu-builder/src/helpers.php:33
      • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:261
    • select `id`, `post_title`, `slug` from `posts` where `status` = 'publish' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 10
      21.27s/app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. publish
      Backtrace
      • 14. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:22
      • 15. /app/View/Composers/SidebarView.php:12
      • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:124
      • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:162
      • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
    • select * from `fake_users` where `fake_users`.`id` = 15541 limit 1
      23.68msview::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15receivinghelpdeskask
      Metadata
      Bindings
      • 0. 15541
      Backtrace
      • 21. view::2dd102cf0462e89a4d4d8bc77355d767652bf9aa:15
      • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:108
      • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 25. /vendor/livewire/livewire/src/ComponentConcerns/RendersLivewireComponents.php:69
      • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:61
    App\Models\FakeUser
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\MenuItem
    1
    Outl1ne\MenuBuilder\Models\Menu
    1
    App\Models\JsonPostContent
    1
    App\Models\Post
    11
        _token
        1wFZOmvmbbgoUOmDMsNxRwrvhC2fnB4ckUtEyFLy
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-hard-and-soft-soldering" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /what-is-hard-and-soft-soldering
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:24 [ "cf-ipcountry" => array:1 [ 0 => "US" ] "cf-connecting-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.13" ] "cdn-loop" => array:1 [ 0 => "cloudflare; loops=1" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "cf-ray" => array:1 [ 0 => "94d9d4b159271041-ORD" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, br" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "cf-visitor" => array:1 [ 0 => "{"scheme":"https"}" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "close" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "216.73.216.13, 172.69.59.237" ] "x-server-addr" => array:1 [ 0 => "154.12.239.204" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "receivinghelpdesk.com" ] ]
        request_server
        0 of 0
        array:55 [ "USER" => "runcloud" "HOME" => "/home/runcloud" "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_URI" => "/ask/what-is-hard-and-soft-soldering" "QUERY_STRING" => "" "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET" "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.0" "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1" "REDIRECT_URL" => "/ask/what-is-hard-and-soft-soldering" "REMOTE_PORT" => "38410" "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/ask/index.php" "SERVER_ADMIN" => "you@example.com" "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => "" "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http" "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/runcloud/webapps/ReceivingHelpDesk/" "REMOTE_ADDR" => "172.69.59.237" "SERVER_PORT" => "80" "SERVER_ADDR" => "127.0.0.1" "SERVER_NAME" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2.4.63 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1f" "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => "" "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" => "/RunCloud/Packages/apache2-rc/lib" "PATH" => "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" "HTTP_CF_IPCOUNTRY" => "US" "HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP" => "216.73.216.13" "HTTP_CDN_LOOP" => "cloudflare; loops=1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none" "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows"" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0" "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99"" "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache" "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document" "HTTP_CF_RAY" => "94d9d4b159271041-ORD" "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, br" "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1" "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate" "HTTP_CF_VISITOR" => "{"scheme":"https"}" "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "close" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO" => "https" "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR" => "216.73.216.13, 172.69.59.237" "HTTP_X_SERVER_ADDR" => "154.12.239.204" "HTTP_HOST" => "receivinghelpdesk.com" "HTTPS" => "on" "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200" "REDIRECT_HTTPS" => "on" "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER" "PHP_SELF" => "/ask/index.php" "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1749568596.8103 "REQUEST_TIME" => 1749568596 ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:7 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "private, must-revalidate" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 10 Jun 2025 15:16:36 GMT" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "expires" => array:1 [ 0 => -1 ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdRdEZnWlc1NHl2eXFRZ3c4NDRYM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiejUycVRaSDZZQVRDcVovaEFJMTV0RDlNaTZzb2lPUmZENjNyQXZTeG1ST2JBV3JaUWdEbUwycnpyY3AxajRyN0t0L3pGMTRvNE05MUR2bE5ob01TblI0OFhidTRlMktnWU5HdHY4R2ltZ2kzbWVidy9UVmplS1l1cGNzdTlPeUsiLCJtYWMiOiIyY2ExZmExZGYwODQyNDE0YThmODQ2ZDA1NTc0NWUwYzJjODcyMGFjNjAzMzMwYjBkYWU3YjczYjc0MjVmOWNkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 10-Jun-2025 17:16:58 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdRdEZnWlc1NHl2eXFRZ3c4NDRYM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiejUycVRaSDZZQVRDcVovaEFJMTV0RDlNaTZzb2lPUmZENjNyQXZTeG1ST2JBV3JaUWdEbUwycnpyY3AxajRyN0t0L3pGM" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ii9qVW9sREJDd3Nyd1M2MVY0bmE3Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiclI5UWJ6cndPSlJMYUtsbnREU1hsQWwvME82K2RORlVabTRQRVBrSksxclVIRzI0Wm11Y2dQb0xLdjh3ejVaOHBoS2FZYisxSHlQbTFEUHRTT1BOZlZRVThIUmdjL0JqbXFBc0tlSDMycDJTL3QrOHMxKzF0aU1wMXhkZ3Z2cXkiLCJtYWMiOiJmYTFiNjU1MmI4YzdhNGFjMDc1ODIxOTUwMmI3OGM2MmQzNzRlOWI4ZTVmZjI2YzNhNjdiYmY3NmUyZWZiNjYzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 10-Jun-2025 17:16:58 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=laxaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ii9qVW9sREJDd3Nyd1M2MVY0bmE3Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiclI5UWJ6cndPSlJMYUtsbnREU1hsQWwvME82K2RORlVabTRQRVBrSksxclVIRzI0Wm11Y2dQb0xLdjh3ejVa" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdRdEZnWlc1NHl2eXFRZ3c4NDRYM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiejUycVRaSDZZQVRDcVovaEFJMTV0RDlNaTZzb2lPUmZENjNyQXZTeG1ST2JBV3JaUWdEbUwycnpyY3AxajRyN0t0L3pGMTRvNE05MUR2bE5ob01TblI0OFhidTRlMktnWU5HdHY4R2ltZ2kzbWVidy9UVmplS1l1cGNzdTlPeUsiLCJtYWMiOiIyY2ExZmExZGYwODQyNDE0YThmODQ2ZDA1NTc0NWUwYzJjODcyMGFjNjAzMzMwYjBkYWU3YjczYjc0MjVmOWNkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 10-Jun-2025 17:16:58 GMT; path=/XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdRdEZnWlc1NHl2eXFRZ3c4NDRYM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiejUycVRaSDZZQVRDcVovaEFJMTV0RDlNaTZzb2lPUmZENjNyQXZTeG1ST2JBV3JaUWdEbUwycnpyY3AxajRyN0t0L3pGM" 1 => "askhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ii9qVW9sREJDd3Nyd1M2MVY0bmE3Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiclI5UWJ6cndPSlJMYUtsbnREU1hsQWwvME82K2RORlVabTRQRVBrSksxclVIRzI0Wm11Y2dQb0xLdjh3ejVaOHBoS2FZYisxSHlQbTFEUHRTT1BOZlZRVThIUmdjL0JqbXFBc0tlSDMycDJTL3QrOHMxKzF0aU1wMXhkZ3Z2cXkiLCJtYWMiOiJmYTFiNjU1MmI4YzdhNGFjMDc1ODIxOTUwMmI3OGM2MmQzNzRlOWI4ZTVmZjI2YzNhNjdiYmY3NmUyZWZiNjYzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Tue, 10-Jun-2025 17:16:58 GMT; path=/; httponlyaskhelpdesk_session=eyJpdiI6Ii9qVW9sREJDd3Nyd1M2MVY0bmE3Ymc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiclI5UWJ6cndPSlJMYUtsbnREU1hsQWwvME82K2RORlVabTRQRVBrSksxclVIRzI0Wm11Y2dQb0xLdjh3ejVa" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "_token" => "1wFZOmvmbbgoUOmDMsNxRwrvhC2fnB4ckUtEyFLy" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://receivinghelpdesk.com/ask/what-is-hard-and-soft-soldering" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]